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A2 noun #4,000 پرکاربردترین 11 دقیقه مطالعه

げんかん

genkan رتبه 4,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها げんかん در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح げんかん in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'genkan' is one of the most important 'house' words you will learn. It means the place where you take off your shoes when you enter a house. In Japan, you never wear shoes inside, so the genkan is the special area for shoes. You can say 'Genkan desu' (It is the genkan) or 'Genkan ni kutsu ga arimasu' (There are shoes in the genkan). It is a simple noun. Think of it as the 'shoe room' at the front of the house. When you visit a friend, you stand in the genkan and say 'Ojamashimasu' (I am intruding/coming in). Even in small apartments, there is a tiny genkan. It is often a different color or a lower level than the rest of the floor. This helps you know where to stop walking with shoes.

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At the A2 level, you should use 'genkan' with basic particles like 'de' and 'ni'. You will use it to describe daily routines. For example, 'Genkan de kutsu wo nugimasu' (I take off my shoes in the genkan). You should also learn the word 'getabako' (shoe cupboard), which is usually located in the genkan. You might hear people say 'Genkan ni kite kudasai' (Please come to the entrance). This level also involves understanding basic Japanese manners, such as lining up your shoes neatly in the genkan. You can also use adjectives like 'hiroi' (spacious) or 'semai' (narrow) to describe it. It is also the place where you receive packages from the 'takkyubin' (delivery service).

At the B1 level, you move beyond simple descriptions and start using 'genkan' in social contexts. You should understand the 'Uchi-Soto' (Inside-Outside) concept where the genkan acts as the border. You will encounter sentences like 'Genkan-saki de mattete' (Wait for me just outside the entrance). You should also be familiar with the verb 'agaru' (to go up/enter a house), which is what you do after you leave the genkan. If someone says 'Douzo agatte kudasai,' they are inviting you to step from the genkan into the main house. You might also talk about cleaning the genkan (genkan no souji) or decorating it with flowers (ikebana) to welcome guests, reflecting the importance of first impressions in Japanese culture.

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At the B2 level, you can discuss the architectural and historical aspects of the 'genkan'. You might explain how the genkan evolved from Zen Buddhist temples to modern homes. You can use more specific vocabulary like 'agari-kamachi' (the wooden step) or 'tataki' (the stone floor area). In discussions about housing in Japan, you might compare the genkan of a traditional 'kominka' with a modern 'manshon'. You will also see 'genkan' used in more abstract ways, such as 'Nihon no genkanguchi' (The gateway to Japan) when referring to a major port or airport. You should be able to explain the social etiquette of the genkan to others, including where to place your bag and how to bow correctly while still in the entryway.

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At the C1 level, you will encounter 'genkan' in literature and formal architectural discourse. It may be used metaphorically to represent the boundary between the public self and the private self. You will understand nuances like 'genkan-barai', which means to turn someone away at the door without letting them in. You can discuss how the design of the genkan reflects the changing structure of the Japanese family and the transition from community-focused living to individual privacy. You might also read about the 'Engawa' and how it relates to the genkan in traditional spatial flow. Your usage should include formal honorifics when talking about a superior's genkan, such as 'O-genkan' in very specific, highly respectful contexts, though this is rare.

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At the C2 level, you possess a deep, intuitive understanding of the 'genkan' as a cultural construct. You can analyze its role in Japanese film and literature as a liminal space where transformations occur. You can engage in complex debates about the westernization of Japanese housing and whether the 'genkan' is losing its traditional significance in favor of 'entransu' designs. You understand the historical shifts from the 'shinden-zukuri' style to 'shoin-zukuri' and how the genkan became a symbol of status for the samurai class. You can use the word with perfect precision in any register, from casual slang-inflected conversation to high-level academic writing on Japanese sociology or urban planning.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

げんかん در ۳۰ ثانیه

Genkan is the Japanese entryway where shoes are removed.
It acts as a physical and cultural boundary between inside and outside.
It typically features a lower level for shoes and a raised step.
Commonly used in daily life for greetings and receiving guests.

The word げんかん (genkan) refers to the traditional Japanese entryway or foyer of a house, apartment, or building. In Japanese culture, the genkan is far more than just a place to hang your coat; it serves as the primary psychological and physical boundary between the 'outside world' (soto) and the 'private home' (uchi). It is the specialized area where people transition from the public sphere into the private sphere, marked most significantly by the removal of footwear. The physical structure of a genkan typically includes a lower floor level, often made of stone or concrete (called the tataki), where shoes are placed, and a slightly raised floor (the agari-kamachi) that leads into the rest of the living space. This elevation change is a clear signal that one is entering a 'clean' zone where outside shoes are strictly forbidden.

Cultural Significance: The genkan is the face of the home. It is where guests are first greeted and where many business transactions—like receiving a delivery or talking to a neighbor—happen without the visitor ever actually stepping into the main house.

お客さんが来たので、げんかんまで迎えに行きました。 (A guest came, so I went to the entrance hall to meet them.)

Historically, the term genkan originated from Zen Buddhism, meaning the 'gateway to profound knowledge' or the entrance to a monastery. Over centuries, this concept transitioned into samurai residences and eventually into common households. Today, even in the smallest modern apartments in Tokyo, a tiny genkan is almost always present, emphasizing its necessity in the Japanese lifestyle. Using the word is essential when discussing coming home, leaving, or welcoming others. It is the site of the standard greetings 'Tadaima' (I'm home) and 'Okaeri' (Welcome back).

Common Features: Most genkan contain a getabako (shoe cupboard), a small mirror, and sometimes decorative elements like flowers or a seasonal display to welcome guests warmly.

げんかんに靴をきれいに並べてください。 (Please line up your shoes neatly in the entrance hall.)

In a broader sense, genkan can also refer to the main entrance of large public buildings like schools or hospitals. At schools, the genkan is a bustling area filled with lockers where students change from their outdoor shoes into uwabaki (indoor slippers). This ritual reinforces the distinction between the dusty outside world and the shared, clean educational environment. Understanding the genkan is key to understanding the Japanese concept of hygiene and social etiquette.

Spatial Logic: The genkan serves as a thermal buffer in traditional architecture, helping to keep the main rooms warmer in winter and cooler in summer by providing an airlock-like space.

Using げんかん (genkan) in a sentence is relatively straightforward because it functions as a standard noun. However, the particles you pair with it are crucial for conveying the correct action. Because the genkan is a physical location, you will frequently see it used with the particles で (de), に (ni), and を (wo). Each particle changes the nuance of the interaction with the space. For example, genkan de indicates an action happening within the space, like taking off shoes. Genkan ni indicates a destination or the location of an object, like a package left at the door. Genkan wo is used when passing through or cleaning the area.

Action in the Space (で): Used for verbs like nugu (to take off), matsu (to wait), or hanasu (to talk). Example: げんかんで靴を脱ぎます (I take off my shoes in the genkan).

げんかんでさようならと言いました。 (We said goodbye in the entrance hall.)

When you are talking about the location of something, use に (ni). This is very common when discussing where you left your keys, where the delivery person left a box, or where the umbrella stand is located. If you are entering the genkan from the outside, you would say genkan ni hairu. If you are placing something there, use genkan ni oku. The versatility of the word allows it to be the focal point of many household instructions and social descriptions.

Location and Target (に): Used for verbs like oku (to put), aru (to be/exist), or todokeru (to deliver). Example: げんかんに荷物があります (There is a package in the entrance hall).

鍵をげんかんに忘れました。 (I forgot my keys in the entrance hall.)

In more complex sentences, genkan can be modified by adjectives to describe the state of a home. A 'hiroi genkan' (wide/spacious entrance) suggests a wealthy or welcoming home, while a 'semai genkan' (narrow entrance) is typical of urban apartments. You might also hear genkan-saki, which refers to the area just outside the front door. This is where you might stand while waiting for someone to answer the bell. Mastering these variations helps you navigate both the physical and social landscape of Japan.

Describing the Space: Use adjectives like kirei na (clean), kurai (dark), or akarui (bright). Example: この家のげんかんはとても明るいですね (The entrance of this house is very bright, isn't it?).

毎朝、げんかんを掃きます。 (I sweep the entrance hall every morning.)

You will hear げんかん (genkan) in almost every facet of daily life in Japan. In a domestic setting, it is the first word that comes to mind when someone rings the doorbell. Family members will call out, 'Someone is at the genkan!' (Genkan ni dareka kita yo!). It is also the focal point of morning and evening routines. When children leave for school, their parents might shout, 'Don't forget your hat in the genkan!' In Japanese dramas and anime, the genkan is a frequent site for emotional scenes—confessions, dramatic departures, or warm homecomings—because it represents the threshold of the family unit.

At Schools and Public Buildings: In schools, the 'shoukouguchi' is the formal name for the student entrance, but students and teachers often just refer to the area as the genkan. It's where the transition to school life begins.

学校のげんかんで友達を待っています。 (I am waiting for my friend at the school entrance.)

In the business world, specifically in real estate, the genkan is a major selling point. When viewing apartments, the size and storage capacity of the genkan are always highlighted. You'll hear real estate agents say things like, 'This unit has a large shoe closet in the genkan.' Furthermore, in traditional Japanese inns (ryokan), the genkan is where the staff will line up to bow and welcome you. Here, the word takes on a more formal, hospitable tone. It is the place where the 'Omotenashi' (Japanese hospitality) begins.

Deliveries and Services: When a delivery person arrives, they will often say, 'Genkan-saki ni oite okimasu' (I will leave it at the front door/entrance area).

旅館のげんかんはとても広いです。 (The ryokan's entrance hall is very spacious.)

Finally, you will hear this word in safety drills or emergency situations. Instructions for earthquakes often include 'Open the genkan door to ensure an exit route.' This highlights the genkan as the primary escape path. Whether in daily chores, social greetings, or emergency protocols, the word genkan is omnipresent. It is one of the first 500 nouns any serious learner should master because of its high frequency and cultural weight.

Emergency Context: 地震の時は、まずげんかんのドアを開けてください。 (In the event of an earthquake, first open the entrance door.)

The most common mistake English speakers make when using げんかん (genkan) is confusing it with the English word 'door' (doa) or 'entrance' (iriguchi). While they are related, they are not interchangeable. A doa is the physical object that swings or slides. An iriguchi is a general term for any entrance (like the entrance to a park or a shopping mall). A genkan, however, is a specific room or area within a building. You don't 'open the genkan'; you open the 'genkan no doa' (the door of the genkan).

Genkan vs. Iriguchi: Use 'iriguchi' for public spaces like 'the entrance to the station'. Use 'genkan' for the specific foyer of a home or institution where shoes are removed.

❌ げんかんを開けてください。 (Open the genkan - Incorrect)
✅ げんかんのドアを開けてください。 (Open the door of the genkan - Correct)

Another error involves the etiquette associated with the word. Learners often forget that the genkan is considered a 'dirty' area. In conversation, if you say you are 'in the house' (ie no naka), Japanese people usually assume you have already passed the genkan. If you are still in the genkan, you are technically at the threshold. Mistakenly using verbs like agaru (to step up) while still on the lower tataki part of the genkan can also cause confusion. Agaru specifically refers to the act of stepping from the genkan floor up into the living area.

Verb Misuse: Don't confuse 'hairu' (enter the genkan) with 'agaru' (enter the house from the genkan). When a host says 'Douzo agatte kudasai,' they are specifically inviting you to step up from the genkan.

靴を脱いで、げんかんから上がってください。 (Take off your shoes and step up from the entrance hall.)

Finally, avoid using genkan for the back door or a side entrance unless it is built as a formal foyer. A simple back door is usually called a katteguchi. Using genkan for every single point of entry into a building is a sign of a limited vocabulary. In modern apartments, the 'auto-lock' entrance at the ground floor of the building is often called the entransu, while the specific entryway to your own apartment unit is the genkan. Distinguishing between these levels of 'entrance' will make your Japanese sound much more natural.

Vocabulary Nuance: マンションの入り口 (Apartment building entrance) vs. 部屋のげんかん (The room's genkan/foyer).

While げんかん (genkan) is the most common term for a home's entryway, there are several other words that describe entrances in different contexts. Understanding the subtle differences between these words will help you choose the right one for the right situation. The most frequent alternative is 入口 (iriguchi), which literally means 'enter-mouth.' This is a general-purpose word used for everything from the entrance of a park, a cave, a room, or a highway. It lacks the cultural and architectural specificity of genkan.

入口 (Iriguchi): General 'entrance'. Used for public places. Example: 駅の入口 (Station entrance). It does not imply a place to take off shoes.
エントランス (Entransu): Loanword from 'Entrance'. Usually refers to the stylish, large lobby area of a modern office building or a high-end apartment complex.

ホテルのエントランスは豪華ですが、私の家のげんかんは狭いです。 (The hotel entrance is luxurious, but my house's genkan is narrow.)

Another related word is 昇降口 (shoukouguchi). This is specifically used in schools to describe the area where students enter and exit. It literally means 'the mouth for going up and down.' While it is a type of genkan, you would never use this word to describe the entrance to your home. Similarly, 勝手口 (katteguchi) refers to a kitchen entrance or a back door used for chores and deliveries. It is the 'informal' counterpart to the formal genkan.

勝手口 (Katteguchi): Service entrance / Back door. Usually leads directly into the kitchen area. Used for taking out trash or receiving grocery deliveries.

表のげんかんではなく、勝手口から入ってください。 (Please enter through the back door, not the front entrance.)

Lastly, for very formal or historical contexts, you might encounter 玄関口 (genkanguchi). This is often used metaphorically to mean the 'gateway' to a region or a country. For example, 'Narita Airport is the genkanguchi of Japan.' This elevates the word from a simple physical space to a symbolic point of arrival. When writing or speaking, choosing between these terms depends entirely on whether you are emphasizing the physical structure, the social function, or the symbolic importance of the entrance.

ドア (Doa): The physical door itself. Use this when you are talking about locking, unlocking, or painting the door. げんかんのドア (The door of the foyer).

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

Before it became a common household word, 'genkan' was only used for the entrances of Zen monasteries and the homes of high-ranking samurai.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /ɡɛŋkæn/

US /ɡɛŋkæn/

Flat pitch (Heiban style). The pitch starts low and stays high.

هم‌قافیه با

Tenkan (conversion) Menkan (interview) Senkan (battleship) Henkan (transformation) Kenkan (dislike) Denkan (epilepsy) Renkan (linkage) Genkan (hallway - self)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing it as 'jen-kan' (it's a hard G).
Making the 'n' sound too much like an English 'n' at the tip of the tongue.
Skipping the second 'n' sound.
Confusing the pitch with 'genkan' (medical term, though rare).
Over-stressing the first syllable.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

Easy to read in Hiragana. The Kanji (玄関) is intermediate.

نوشتن 3/5

Writing the kanji requires practice with the 'gate' radical.

صحبت کردن 1/5

Very easy to pronounce.

گوش دادن 1/5

Clearly audible in most conversations.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

家 (house) 靴 (shoes) 脱ぐ (to take off) 入る (to enter)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

下駄箱 (shoe cupboard) 廊下 (hallway) 居間 (living room) 上がる (to step up)

پیشرفته

境界 (boundary) 内と外 (inside and outside) 建築 (architecture)

گرامر لازم

Place + で (Action at a location)

玄関で靴を脱ぐ。

Place + に (Existence/Destination)

玄関に花がある。

Noun + の + Noun (Possession/Relation)

玄関のドア。

Verb-te + kudasai (Request)

玄関で待ってください。

Adjective + Noun (Description)

広い玄関。

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

ここはげんかんです。

This is the entrance hall.

Uses the basic 'A wa B desu' structure.

げんかんにくつがあります。

There are shoes in the entrance hall.

Uses 'ni' for location and 'arimasu' for existence.

げんかんはどこですか。

Where is the entrance hall?

Question form using 'doko'.

あそこにげんかんがあります。

The entrance hall is over there.

Uses 'asoko' for a distant location.

きれいなげんかんです。

It is a clean entrance hall.

Adjective 'kirei' modifying 'genkan'.

げんかんでまってください。

Please wait in the entrance hall.

Request form '-te kudasai' with particle 'de'.

これはげんかんの鍵です。

This is the key to the entrance hall.

Possessive particle 'no'.

げんかんはせまいです。

The entrance hall is narrow.

I-adjective 'semai' describing a noun.

げんかんで靴を脱いでください。

Please take off your shoes in the entrance hall.

Standard polite request for a common action.

げんかんに花を飾りました。

I decorated the entrance hall with flowers.

Past tense 'kazarimashita'.

荷物をげんかんに置いてください。

Please put the luggage in the entrance hall.

Particle 'ni' indicates the destination of the action.

げんかんの電気を消しましたか。

Did you turn off the light in the entrance hall?

Compound noun 'genkan no denki'.

毎朝、げんかんを掃除します。

I clean the entrance hall every morning.

Frequency adverb 'maiasa' and object particle 'wo'.

げんかんのチャイムが鳴りました。

The entrance doorbell rang.

Subject particle 'ga' with the verb 'naru'.

げんかんのドアは青いです。

The entrance door is blue.

Descriptive sentence.

友達がげんかんに来ました。

A friend came to the entrance hall.

Movement verb 'kimasu' with destination 'ni'.

げんかんの靴を並べておいてください。

Please line up the shoes in the entrance hall (in advance).

Uses '-te oku' to indicate preparation.

げんかんの鍵を閉め忘れてしまいました。

I completely forgot to lock the entrance door.

Combined verb 'shimewasureru' with '-te shimau'.

急いでいたので、げんかんで転んでしまった。

I was in a hurry, so I fell down in the entrance hall.

Casual past tense with cause/reason 'node'.

げんかんの横に傘立てがあります。

There is an umbrella stand next to the entrance hall.

Locational phrase 'no yoko ni'.

お客さんが来る前に、げんかんを片付けよう。

Let's tidy up the entrance hall before the guest arrives.

Volitional form 'katadzukeyou' and 'mae ni'.

げんかんから「お邪魔します」という声が聞こえた。

I heard a voice saying 'Ojamashimasu' from the entrance hall.

Quotation particle 'to' and 'kikoeta' (audible).

うちのげんかんは、冬になるととても寒いです。

Our entrance hall gets very cold when it becomes winter.

Conditional 'naru to'.

げんかんの鏡で身だしなみをチェックする。

I check my appearance in the entrance hall mirror.

Functional use of the space.

日本の家屋において、げんかんは境界線としての役割を果たす。

In Japanese houses, the entrance hall plays the role of a boundary line.

Formal expression 'ni oite' and 'yakuwari wo hatasu'.

げんかんの上がり口で、深くお辞儀をした。

I bowed deeply at the entrance step.

Specific term 'agari-guchi'.

最近のマンションは、げんかんがオートロックになっている。

Recent apartments have auto-locking entrance halls.

State of being 'ni natte iru'.

げんかんの照明を人感センサー付きのものに替えた。

I replaced the entrance lighting with one that has a motion sensor.

Compound noun 'jinkan sensaa tsuki'.

彼はげんかん先で、しばらく考え込んでいた。

He was lost in thought for a while just outside the entrance.

Verb 'kangaekomu' (to be lost in thought).

この旅館は、げんかんからして趣がある。

This ryokan has a refined atmosphere, starting right from the entrance.

Grammar 'kara shite' (starting from/judging by).

靴が散乱しているげんかんは、印象が良くない。

An entrance hall with shoes scattered about doesn't give a good impression.

Relative clause modifying 'genkan'.

げんかんの段差をなくすバリアフリー工事を行った。

We carried out barrier-free construction to eliminate the step in the entrance hall.

Technical term 'baria furii'.

げんかんは、住まう人の品格を映し出す鏡であると言われる。

It is said that the entrance hall is a mirror that reflects the dignity of the inhabitants.

Metaphorical usage in a formal essay style.

禅寺のげんかんには、深遠な教えへの入り口という意味が込められている。

The entrance hall of a Zen temple carries the meaning of being a gateway to profound teachings.

Passive 'komerarete iru' (is imbued with).

彼は借金の取り立てに来た男を、げんかん払いで追い返した。

He turned away the man who came to collect a debt at the door.

Idiomatic use of 'genkan-barai'.

建築家は、外光を巧みに取り入れた開放的なげんかんを設計した。

The architect designed an open entrance hall that skillfully incorporates outside light.

Adverbial 'takumi ni' (skillfully).

都会の喧騒から逃れ、げんかんを一歩入ると静寂が広がっていた。

Escaping the bustle of the city, a step inside the entrance hall revealed a spreading silence.

Literary 'nukere' and 'hirogatte ita'.

その古い屋敷のげんかんには、長い年月の重みが感じられた。

In the entrance hall of that old mansion, one could feel the weight of many long years.

Abstract noun 'omomi' (weight/gravity).

格式高い家柄だけに、げんかんのしつらえにも一切の妥協がない。

Precisely because it is a high-status family, there is no compromise in the arrangement of the entrance hall.

Grammar 'dake ni' (because of/as expected of).

玄関口としての機能を優先させるあまり、居住性が損なわれてはならない。

Habitability must not be compromised by prioritizing the function as an entrance too much.

Grammar 'amari' (too much/to such an extent).

近代文学において、げんかんはしばしば「内」と「外」の葛藤が交錯する場として描かれる。

In modern literature, the entrance hall is often depicted as a place where the conflict between 'inside' and 'outside' intersects.

Academic vocabulary 'kattou' (conflict) and 'kousaku' (intersect).

都市化の進展に伴い、日本の住宅におけるげんかんの空間的意義は変容を遂げつつある。

With the progress of urbanization, the spatial significance of the entrance hall in Japanese housing is undergoing a transformation.

Formal 'tomonai' and 'tsutsu aru' (ongoing process).

その邸宅のげんかんは、訪れる者を威圧するかのような壮大な構えであった。

The entrance hall of that mansion had a grand structure, as if to intimidate those who visit.

Grammar 'ka no you na' (as if).

社会学的な視点で見れば、げんかんは他者との最初の接点であり、儀礼的無関心が解かれる聖域でもある。

From a sociological perspective, the entrance hall is the first point of contact with others and a sanctuary where civil inattention is dissolved.

Complex sentence structure with sociological terminology.

伝統的な日本建築が持つ「曖昧な境界」を、この現代的なげんかんは見事に再解釈している。

This modern entrance hall brilliantly reinterprets the 'ambiguous boundaries' of traditional Japanese architecture.

Abstract concept 'aimai na kyoukai'.

家主のこだわりが凝縮されたげんかんは、さながら小宇宙のような趣を呈していた。

The entrance hall, condensed with the owner's obsessions, presented an atmosphere just like a microcosm.

Simile 'sagara... no you na'.

歴史の荒波を越えてきたそのげんかんの柱には、無数の傷が刻まれていた。

On the pillars of that entrance hall, which had weathered the storms of history, countless scratches were carved.

Metaphorical 'rekishi no aranami'.

げんかんという極めて日本的な空間概念を、異文化圏の人々に説明するのは容易ではない。

It is not easy to explain the extremely Japanese spatial concept of 'genkan' to people from different cultural spheres.

Noun phrase 'kiwamete... gainen'.

ترکیب‌های رایج

玄関に入る

玄関を出る

玄関を掃除する

玄関に置く

玄関のドア

玄関マット

玄関先

広い玄関

玄関のチャイム

玄関まで迎えに行く

عبارات رایج

玄関払い

— To turn someone away at the door; to refuse entry.

借金取りを玄関払いにする。

玄関先まで

— Just as far as the entrance (not coming inside).

玄関先までお見送りします。

玄関を開ける

— To open the entrance (usually implies the door).

誰か来たので玄関を開けた。

玄関の鍵

— The front door key.

玄関の鍵をなくした。

玄関飾り

— Entrance decorations (like for New Year).

お正月の玄関飾りを出す。

玄関網戸

— A screen door for the entrance.

夏は玄関網戸が便利だ。

玄関収納

— Entrance storage/closets.

玄関収納が充実している。

玄関渡し

— Delivery made only to the front door (not inside).

大型家具を玄関渡しで注文した。

玄関灯

— Entrance light.

夜は玄関灯をつけておく。

玄関ブザー

— Entrance buzzer/bell.

玄関ブザーを鳴らす。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

げんかん vs 入口 (Iriguchi)

Iriguchi is any entrance; Genkan is specifically the foyer of a home/building.

げんかん vs ドア (Doa)

Doa is the physical door; Genkan is the room/area.

げんかん vs 廊下 (Rouka)

Rouka is a hallway/corridor that leads away from the genkan.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"玄関から入る"

— To do things through the proper channels; to be straightforward.

彼は裏口入学ではなく、玄関から入った（正々堂々とした）。

Metaphorical

"玄関を飾る"

— To serve as the face or representative of something.

この写真は雑誌の玄関を飾る一枚だ。

Literary

"玄関先で油を売る"

— To loiter or chat idly at the entrance instead of working.

配達員が玄関先で油を売っている。

Informal

"玄関を閉ざす"

— To shut oneself off; to refuse visitors.

彼は世間に対して玄関を閉ざした。

Literary

"玄関を開く"

— To welcome guests; to begin operations.

新店舗がついに玄関を開いた。

Formal

"玄関の塵"

— Something insignificant (like dust at the door).

そんな問題は、玄関の塵のようなものだ。

Archaic

"玄関に立つ"

— To be on the verge of something; to arrive.

成功が玄関に立っている。

Poetic

"玄関を叩く"

— To visit someone; to seek entry into a group.

門下生として彼の玄関を叩いた。

Formal

"玄関を清める"

— To purify the entrance (often ritualistic).

塩をまいて玄関を清める。

Cultural

"玄関番"

— A doorman or gatekeeper.

彼は長年、その屋敷の玄関番をしていた。

Neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

げんかん vs エントランス

Both mean entrance.

Entransu is usually for large buildings/lobbies; Genkan is for private homes.

マンションのエントランスを通って、部屋の玄関へ行く。

げんかん vs 昇降口

Both are where you change shoes.

Shoukouguchi is only for schools.

生徒は昇降口から入ります。

げんかん vs 勝手口

Both are entrances to a house.

Katteguchi is the back/service door; Genkan is the front/formal door.

買い物から帰って勝手口から入る。

げんかん vs 門 (Mon)

Both are points of entry.

Mon is the outer gate of the property; Genkan is the entrance to the building itself.

門を開けて、玄関まで歩く。

げんかん vs ポーチ

Both are near the front door.

Pouchi is the outdoor covered area; Genkan is the indoor area.

玄関ポーチで雨宿りをする。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

ここは [Noun] です。

ここはげんかんです。

[Noun] に [Object] があります。

げんかんにくつがあります。

[Place] で [Verb]。

げんかんで靴を脱ぎます。

[Noun] を [Verb] てください。

げんかんを掃除してください。

[Verb] 前に、[Action]。

出かける前に、げんかんの鍵を閉めます。

[Place] に [Object] を置いておく。

げんかんに傘を置いておく。

[Noun] において [Role] を果たす。

玄関は家において重要な役割を果たす。

[Noun] からして [Nuance]。

この家は玄関からして豪華だ。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

玄関口 (entrance gateway)

玄関先 (front of the entrance)

玄関ホール (entrance hall)

玄関灯 (entrance light)

مرتبط

靴 (shoes)

下駄箱 (shoe cupboard)

ドア (door)

上がり框 (entrance step)

サンダル (sandals)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Extremely high in daily domestic life.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'genkan' to mean the physical door. → genkan no doa
Genkan is the space; doa is the object. You can't 'paint' a genkan, but you can paint the door.
Stepping on the lower floor with socks. → Step only on the raised floor.
The lower floor (tataki) is considered 'outside' and dirty. Touching it with socks brings dirt into the house.
Using 'iriguchi' for a home entrance. → genkan
While technically an entrance, 'iriguchi' sounds too public or clinical for a home.
Saying 'genkan ni agaru'. → genkan ni hairu
You 'enter' (hairu) the genkan, then you 'step up' (agaru) into the house.
Forgetting the 'n' sound at the end. → genkan (4 beats)
Dropping the final 'n' makes it sound like 'genka' (price), which is a completely different word.

نکات

Shoe Direction

When you take off your shoes, turn them around so the toes point toward the door. This is a sign of a well-mannered guest.

Greetings

The genkan is where 'Tadaima' and 'Okaeri' are exchanged. It's the heart of daily greetings.

Avoid the Floor

Never let your bare feet or socks touch the lower 'tataki' floor. Step directly from your shoes to the raised floor.

Particle Choice

Use 'de' for actions (cleaning, taking off shoes) and 'ni' for locations (where things are or where you are going).

Compound Words

Learn 'genkan-saki' to describe the area immediately outside the front door.

Earthquakes

In Japan, a common safety tip is to open the genkan door during an earthquake to prevent the frame from warping and trapping you inside.

Short Visits

If you are just dropping something off, it is common to finish the entire interaction in the genkan without ever 'stepping up' into the house.

First Impressions

Japanese people often put a lot of effort into making their genkan look nice with seasonal decorations, as it is the first thing guests see.

Cleanliness

The genkan is swept daily in many households to keep the entrance to the home pure and welcoming.

Slippers

Many people keep a set of guest slippers in the genkan cupboard to offer to visitors.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Gen (Again) + Kan (Can). You 'Again Can' enter the house once you are in the Genkan.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a pair of shoes sitting neatly on a stone floor next to a wooden step.

شبکه واژگان

Kutsu (Shoes) Nugu (Take off) Doa (Door) Aisatsu (Greeting) Uchi (Inside) Soto (Outside) Getabako (Shoe box) Tadaima (I'm home)

چالش

Describe five things you can find in your own genkan using Japanese nouns.

ریشه کلمه

Originally a Zen Buddhist term referring to the 'gate of profound mystery' or the entrance to a path of enlightenment.

معنای اصلی: Gateway to the dark/profound (Gen = dark/profound, Kan = gate).

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

بافت فرهنگی

Always remove shoes. Stepping on the raised floor with shoes is a major social taboo.

Unlike Western 'mudrooms', the genkan is often the primary formal entrance, not a side door.

Totoro (Satsuki and Mei taking off shoes) Your Name (Taki entering his apartment) Shoplifters (crowded genkan showing poverty)

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Coming Home

ただいま！
玄関にカバンを置く
靴を脱ぐ
玄関の電気をつける

Receiving Guests

いらっしゃい！
どうぞ、上がってください
玄関でお迎えする
スリッパを出す

Deliveries

玄関の前に置いてください
印鑑を玄関に置く
チャイムが鳴る
荷物を受け取る

Cleaning

玄関を掃く
靴を並べる
下駄箱を整理する
たたきを拭く

Leaving

行ってきます！
鍵を閉める
靴を履く
忘れ物がないか確認する

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"あなたの家の玄関は広いですか？ (Is your house's genkan spacious?)"

"玄関に何を飾っていますか？ (What do you decorate your genkan with?)"

"日本の玄関のルールについてどう思いますか？ (What do you think about Japanese genkan rules?)"

"玄関で一番大切なものは何ですか？ (What is the most important thing in a genkan?)"

"海外の家にも玄関は必要だと思いますか？ (Do you think houses abroad also need a genkan?)"

موضوعات نگارش

今日の朝、玄関を出る時に何を考えましたか？ (What did you think about when leaving the genkan this morning?)

理想の玄関のデザインについて書いてください。 (Write about your ideal genkan design.)

玄関での失敗談（靴を間違えたなど）はありますか？ (Do you have any fail stories in the genkan, like taking the wrong shoes?)

「内」と「外」の境界線について自分の意見を書いてください。 (Write your opinion on the boundary between 'inside' and 'outside'.)

日本の玄関の習慣を、自分の国の人に説明してください。 (Explain Japanese genkan customs to people in your country.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Yes, in almost all residential and traditional Japanese buildings, taking off shoes in the genkan is mandatory. This keeps the living area clean and is a sign of respect for the home.

The lower, usually stone or concrete part where shoes are kept is called the 'tataki'. The raised part where you step up into the house is the 'agari-kamachi'.

It is considered polite to line up your shoes neatly, usually facing the door, so you can easily step back into them when you leave.

Yes, it can be, but 'entransu' (entrance) or 'shoumen genkan' (main entrance) are more common for large corporate offices.

You should say 'Ojamashimasu', which means 'I am intruding' or 'Excuse me for bothering you'.

Most genkan have an 'kasatate' (umbrella stand) located either just inside or just outside the door.

Yes, but only on the raised floor area. Do not step onto the lower 'tataki' area with your socks, as it is considered dirty.

Historically, it prevented dirt and dust from blowing into the raised living areas and provided a clear physical boundary for the 'clean' zone.

Yes, even tiny studio apartments in Japan have a designated genkan area, often marked by a change in flooring material.

A 'getabako' is a shoe cupboard or cabinet located in the genkan. The name comes from 'geta' (traditional wooden sandals) and 'hako' (box).

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