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B1 verb #2,500 پرکاربردترین 9 دقیقه مطالعه

포기하다

pogihada رتبه 2,500

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 포기하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 포기하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you will mostly see '포기하다' in simple, encouraging phrases. The most important one is '포기하지 마세요,' which means 'Don't give up.' You might see this in K-pop lyrics or on posters. At this stage, you don't need to worry about the legal or deep philosophical meanings. Just remember that '포기' means giving up and '하다' means to do. When you are learning Korean and it feels difficult, your teacher might say '포기하지 마세요!' to keep you going. You can also use it for simple things like a game or a small task. For example, '게임을 포기해요' (I give up on the game). It is a useful word to know for basic emotional expression and social interaction. Focus on the 'Noun + 을/를 포기하다' pattern. For instance, '공부를 포기해요' (I give up studying). Even at this early stage, try to distinguish it from '그만해요' (stop it). '포기' is about the goal, while '그만' is about the action itself. If you are playing a game and want to stop because you're tired, say '그만할래요.' If you want to stop because it's too hard and you can't win, you might say '포기할래요.'

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At the A2 level, you can start using '포기하다' in the past tense and with more specific objects. You might talk about giving up a habit or a hobby. For example, '저는 담배를 포기했어요' (I gave up cigarettes/smoking) or '그는 운동을 포기했어요' (He gave up exercise). You will also learn to use it with the '-기' nominalizer to say 'giving up doing something.' For example, '한국어 배우기를 포기하지 마세요' (Don't give up learning Korean). This level also introduces the idea of giving up on a person, like a character in a story giving up on a friend who keeps making mistakes. You will see it in simple dialogues in textbooks. You should also be aware of the difference between '포기하다' and '양보하다' (to yield/give up a seat), as this is a common mistake for A2 learners. Remember, '포기하다' is for things you lose or abandon, while '양보하다' is for being kind and letting someone else have something. Understanding this distinction will help you sound more natural in social settings like taking the bus or subway in Korea.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to understand '포기하다' in more abstract and social contexts. This is the level where you encounter the word in news articles or more complex stories. You will learn about 'rights' (권리) and 'dreams' (꿈). For example, '그는 자신의 권리를 포기했다' (He gave up his rights). You will also start to see the word in the context of Korean social issues, such as the 'N-po generation' (N-포세대), referring to young people giving up on life milestones. You should be able to conjugate the word into various forms like '포기하더라도' (even if I give up) or '포기할 수밖에 없다' (have no choice but to give up). At B1, the nuance between '포기하다' and its synonyms like '단념하다' (to abandon an idea) becomes important. You should understand that '포기하다' is the most general and common term, while others are more specific. You might also encounter it in professional settings, such as a company giving up a project. Your ability to use it in complex sentences with connectors like '-아서/어서' or '-(으)니까' will show your intermediate proficiency. For example, '너무 힘들어서 포기하고 싶어요' (It's so hard that I want to give up).

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using '포기하다' in formal discussions, debates, and written essays. You will understand its use in legal and political contexts, such as '국적 포기' (renunciation of nationality) or '기권' (forfeiture in an election). You will also encounter literary uses where '포기하다' is used to describe a character's deep psychological state. At this level, you should be able to distinguish '포기하다' from '체념하다' (to be resigned). While '포기하다' is the act of giving up, '체념하다' describes the emotional state of accepting a hopeless situation. You might see this in high-level literature or dramas. You should also be familiar with idiomatic expressions like '포기는 배추 셀 때나 하는 말이다' (Giving up is for counting cabbages). This level requires you to understand the social implications of 'giving up' in Korean culture, where persistence is a core value. You should be able to write about your own experiences or social trends using this word with high grammatical accuracy, including honorifics and formal registers (e.g., 포기하셨습니다, 포기하고자 합니다).

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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the philosophical and linguistic nuances of '포기하다.' You can use it to describe complex scenarios in law, philosophy, and sociology. You might analyze the 'cost of giving up' in an economic sense or the 'ethics of giving up' in a medical context (e.g., life support). You are familiar with all Hanja-based synonyms and can choose the most precise word for any given context, such as '철회하다' (to withdraw/retract) or '사양하다' (to decline). You understand how '포기하다' functions in classical literature versus modern slang. You can also pick up on the subtle tone of a speaker when they use this word—whether it's sarcasm, deep despair, or a strategic move. Your vocabulary includes related terms like '포기각서' (waiver) and you can use them in professional writing. You can engage in high-level discussions about the 'N-po generation' and the systemic reasons behind it, using '포기하다' as a key analytical term. Your use of the word is indistinguishable from a native speaker's, including the correct use of subtle particles and sentence endings that convey precise emotional states.

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At the C2 level, you have complete mastery over '포기하다' and its entire lexical field. You can appreciate and use the word in poetic, archaic, or highly specialized technical contexts. You understand the historical evolution of the term and its Hanja roots deeply. You can participate in academic research or legal practice in Korean where the precise definition of 'abandonment' or 'renunciation' is critical. You can write sophisticated critiques of Korean society's obsession with persistence and the resulting stigma of '포기.' You are also adept at using the word in humor, irony, and complex metaphors. For a C2 learner, '포기하다' is not just a verb but a cultural concept that you can manipulate and discuss with nuance. You can navigate the most formal legal documents regarding the '포기' of rights and the most casual street slang involving the word. You understand the regional variations in how the word might be used or emphasized across the Korean peninsula. Your command of the word allows you to express the most delicate shades of meaning, from the 'noble sacrifice' of giving something up for others to the 'bitter defeat' of a failed endeavor.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

포기하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

포기하다 means to give up, abandon, or renounce a goal or right.
It is a transitive verb that uses the object markers 을 or 를.
It is often used in motivational contexts like 'Don't give up' (포기하지 마세요).
It differs from 'stop' (그만두다) by implying the abandonment of a long-term goal.

The Korean verb 포기하다 (pogihada) is a multifaceted term that translates most directly to 'to give up,' 'to abandon,' or 'to renounce.' At its core, it describes the act of ceasing an activity, relinquishing a claim, or abandoning a pursuit, often after realizing that the goal is unattainable or the cost of continuing is too high. In Korean society, the concept of perseverance (인내) is highly valued, which gives the word '포기하다' a heavy emotional weight. When someone says they are giving up, it is often seen as a significant decision rather than a casual one.

Etymological Root: The word is composed of the Hanja characters 抛 (pao), meaning 'to throw' or 'to cast away,' and 棄 (qi), meaning 'to discard.' This visual of physically throwing something away helps learners understand the finality associated with the term.

절대로 꿈을 포기하지 마세요. (Never give up on your dreams.)

In daily life, you will hear this word in contexts ranging from sports—where a team might 'forfeit' (기권/포기)—to personal relationships and career paths. Interestingly, the word has taken on a sociological dimension in modern Korea with the term 'N-po generation' (N-포세대), referring to young people who feel forced to give up on various life milestones like marriage, home ownership, and childbearing due to economic pressures. This highlights how '포기하다' isn't always about a lack of will, but sometimes about a forced external reality.

Social Nuance: In Korea, 'giving up' is often contrasted with 'fighting' (화이팅). To 포기하다 is to stop the fight. It is used when the effort is no longer sustainable.

그는 건강 때문에 운동 선수의 길을 포기했다. (He gave up his path as an athlete because of his health.)

Legal Context: In formal or legal documents, it translates to 'waive' or 'renounce,' such as waiving one's inheritance or right to counsel.

그는 상속권을 포기하기로 결정했다. (He decided to waive his right of inheritance.)

Understanding '포기하다' requires recognizing the difference between stopping an action temporarily and abandoning a goal permanently. While '멈추다' means to stop moving and '그만두다' means to stop an activity, '포기하다' implies that the intention or the right to the goal itself has been discarded. It is a psychological state as much as it is a physical action. For instance, if you stop studying for an hour, you are '쉬다' (resting), but if you decide you will never take the exam again, you are '포기하다.' This distinction is crucial for intermediate learners aiming for natural Korean expression.

너무 힘들면 잠시 쉬어도 되지만, 포기하지는 마세요. (If it's too hard, you can rest for a while, but don't give up.)

그는 결국 마라톤 완주를 포기했다. (He eventually gave up on finishing the marathon.)

Using 포기하다 correctly involves mastering its grammatical placement and the particles it takes. As a transitive verb, it almost always requires an object marker, 을 or 를. The object is the thing being given up—whether it is an abstract concept like 'hope' (희망), a tangible goal like 'graduation' (졸업), or a legal 'right' (권리).

Basic Structure: [Noun] + 을/를 + 포기하다. Example: '다이어트를 포기하다' (To give up on a diet).

그는 끝내 자신의 주장을 포기하지 않았다. (He did not give up his argument until the end.)

When you want to say you are giving up *doing* something, you must turn the verb into a noun. This is typically done using the '-기' nominalizer or the '-는 것' structure. For example, '공부하기를 포기하다' or '공부하는 것을 포기하다' (To give up studying). The '-기' form is slightly more common in idiomatic or set expressions.

Conjugations: Present: 포기해요. Past: 포기했어요. Future: 포기할 거예요. Honorific: 포기하십니다.

우리는 승리를 포기할 수 없습니다. (We cannot give up on victory.)

Another common pattern is '포기하고 싶다' (to want to give up). This is used to express frustration or exhaustion. Conversely, '포기할 리가 없다' means 'there is no way [someone] would give up,' often used to express trust or surprise at someone's persistence.

Passive/Causative Nuance: While '포기하다' is active, '포기당하다' (to be forced to give up) is sometimes used in specific contexts, though '포기하게 만들다' (to make someone give up) is more frequent.

포기하고 싶을 때 이 사진을 보세요. (When you want to give up, look at this photo.)

그는 가족을 위해 자신의 꿈을 포기했습니다. (He gave up his dream for his family.)

포기하는 것은 부끄러운 일이 아닙니다. (Giving up is not a shameful thing.)

One must be careful with the context of 'giving up.' If you are giving up a seat to an elderly person, '포기하다' is incorrect; instead, use '양보하다' (to yield/concede). '포기하다' is for things you are losing or abandoning, not sharing or yielding politely. This is a common pitfall for English speakers because 'give up' covers both 'abandon' and 'yield' in English. In Korean, the distinction is rigid.

포기하기에는 아직 너무 이릅니다. (It is still too early to give up.)

You will encounter 포기하다 in various aspects of Korean daily life and media. In K-Dramas, it is a staple of emotional climaxes. Characters often shout '포기 못 해!' (I can't give up!) when facing insurmountable odds or when fighting for love. It serves as a narrative device to show the protagonist's growth and grit.

In Sports Media: Commentators use it when a player forfeits a match due to injury or when a team stops trying in the final minutes. '기권' (withdrawal) is the official term, but '포기' is used colloquially.

그 선수는 부상으로 경기를 포기해야 했다. (The athlete had to give up the match due to injury.)

In the education system, students often talk about '수포자' (su-po-ja), which is short for '수학 포기자' (math abandoner)—someone who has given up on learning mathematics. This term is so common that it appears in news articles discussing the stress of the Korean CSAT (Suneung) exam. This demonstrates how '포기하다' is integrated into the social identity of students.

In Business: Companies might '포기하다' a certain project or market share. It signifies a strategic withdrawal.

회사는 수익성이 낮은 사업을 포기하기로 했다. (The company decided to give up the low-profit business.)

In Law and Bureaucracy: When filling out forms, you might see '권리 포기각서' (waiver of rights). It is a formal declaration of intent.

그녀는 양육권을 포기할 의사가 전혀 없다. (She has no intention of giving up custody.)

마지막까지 포기하지 않은 덕분에 성공했다. (I succeeded thanks to not giving up until the end.)

Whether it's a doctor in a medical drama saying '환자를 포기할 수 없습니다' (I cannot give up on the patient) or a friend encouraging you to keep studying Korean, '포기하다' is a word that vibrates with the Korean spirit of persistence and the harsh realities of choice. It is rarely used lightly, and its presence in a sentence usually indicates a turning point in a story or a person's life.

포기란 단어는 내 사전에 없다. (The word give up is not in my dictionary.)

Learners of Korean often struggle with 포기하다 because of its overlap with other 'stopping' or 'quitting' verbs in English. The most common mistake is using '포기하다' when '그만두다' (to stop/quit) is more appropriate. '그만두다' is used for stopping an activity or quitting a job, often without the heavy emotional connotation of abandoning a dream. For example, if you quit a part-time job because you found a better one, you use '그만두다.' If you quit because you've lost all hope of working there, you might use '포기하다,' but it sounds much more dramatic.

Mistake 1: Yielding vs. Abandoning: English speakers often say 'I gave up my seat.' Translating this as '자리를 포기했다' is wrong. It should be '자리를 양보했다.' '포기' sounds like you abandoned the seat as if it were a lost cause.

노약자에게 자리를 양보하세요. (Please yield your seat to the elderly - NOT 포기하세요.)

Mistake 2: Using the Wrong Particle: Sometimes learners use '에서' or '에게' with 포기하다. Remember, it is a transitive verb. It always takes 을/를. You give up *something*.

그는 시험을 포기했다. (He gave up on the exam - Correct use of '을'.)

Mistake 3: Overuse in Casual Contexts: If you stop playing a video game because you're bored, '포기하다' is too strong. Use '그만하다' (to stop doing). '포기하다' implies you couldn't beat the level and gave up in frustration.

게임을 그만하고 자라. (Stop playing the game and go to sleep - Better than 포기하고.)

Another nuance involves '단념하다' (to abandon an idea). While '포기하다' is broad, '단념하다' is specifically about giving up a thought, plan, or desire. If you decide not to buy a car because it's too expensive, '단념하다' is more precise than '포기하다,' though both are grammatically correct. Avoiding these pitfalls will make your Korean sound much more natural and precise.

그는 유학을 가려던 계획을 단념했다. (He abandoned his plan to study abroad.)

어려운 문제라고 해서 쉽게 포기하지 마세요. (Don't give up easily just because it's a difficult problem.)

To truly master 포기하다, you must understand its synonyms and how they differ in register and nuance. Korean has several words for 'giving up,' each suited for different scenarios.

단념하다 (Dannyeomhada): Focuses on the internal decision to stop desiring something. It's 'abandoning a hope' or 'letting go of a thought.' Often used for plans or crushes.

그녀는 짝사랑을 단념하기로 했다. (She decided to give up on her unrequited love.)

체념하다 (Chenyeomhada): This implies a state of resignation. It's giving up because you realize there's no hope and you've accepted the outcome. It's more emotional than '포기하다.'

그는 실패를 체념한 듯 고개를 떨구었다. (He lowered his head as if resigned to failure.)

그만두다 (Geumanduda): The most common word for 'to quit.' It is used for jobs, schools, or habits. It is more neutral and less dramatic than '포기하다.'

그는 회사를 그만두고 세계 여행을 떠났다. (He quit his job and went on a world trip.)

기권하다 (Gigwonhada): Specifically used in sports or voting. It means to forfeit, withdraw, or abstain. It is the formal, technical version of '포기하다' in these contexts.

그 후보는 선거 직전에 기권했다. (The candidate withdrew right before the election.)

사양하다 (Sayanghada): To decline or refuse politely. This is used when offered something. You 'give up' the opportunity to have it, but it's a positive/polite act.

그는 제안을 정중히 사양했다. (He politely declined the offer.)

절망적인 상황에서도 희망을 포기하지 마라. (Do not give up hope even in a desperate situation.)

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character 抛 is also used in the word for 'parabola' (포물선), which literally means 'a line made by throwing an object.'

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /pʰo.ɡi.ɦa.da/

US /pʰo.ɡi.ɦa.da/

Primary stress is on the first syllable '포' (Po).

هم‌قافیه با

기다 (gida) 하다 (hada) 마시다 (masida) 가지다 (gajida) 아니다 (anida) 버리다 (beorida) 내리다 (naerida) 그리다 (geurida)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing '포' as 'bo'. It must be aspirated 'p'.
Making the 'g' sound too hard like 'k'. It should be a soft 'g'.
Over-emphasizing the 'h' in 'hada'. It often blends with the 'i' of 'pogi'.
Confusing the vowel 'o' with 'u'.
Not aspirating the 'p' enough.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

Commonly seen in news and literature, easy to recognize.

نوشتن 4/5

Requires correct particle usage and nominalization knowledge.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but nuance is key.

گوش دادن 3/5

Frequently heard in dramas and songs.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

하다 그만두다 멈추다 안 마세요

بعداً یاد بگیرید

단념하다 체념하다 양보하다 지속하다 권리

پیشرفته

철회하다 기권하다 사양하다 각서 효력

گرامر لازم

-지 마세요 (Imperative Negation)

포기하지 마세요.

-기로 하다 (Decision)

포기하기로 했어요.

-는 것 (Nominalization)

포기하는 것은 어려워요.

-기 (Nominalization)

포기하기가 쉽지 않아요.

-(으)ㄹ 수 없다 (Inability)

포기할 수 없어요.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

포기하지 마세요.

Don't give up.

-지 마세요 (don't do)

저는 게임을 포기해요.

I give up on the game.

Present tense

꿈을 포기하지 마세요.

Don't give up on your dreams.

Object marker '를/을'

친구가 공부를 포기했어요.

My friend gave up studying.

Past tense -했어요

운동을 포기하지 마세요.

Don't give up on exercise.

Basic verb structure

그는 사탕을 포기했어요.

He gave up the candy.

Simple past

우리는 포기 안 해요.

We don't give up.

안 (negation)

포기해요?

Do you give up?

Question form

담배를 포기하기로 했어요.

I decided to give up cigarettes.

-기로 하다 (decided to)

다이어트를 포기하고 싶어요.

I want to give up on my diet.

-고 싶다 (want to)

그는 한국어 배우기를 포기했어요.

He gave up learning Korean.

-기 nominalizer

포기하는 것은 나빠요.

Giving up is bad.

-는 것 (nominalizer)

절대로 포기하지 않을 거예요.

I will never give up.

-을 거예요 (future)

그녀는 여행을 포기해야 했어요.

She had to give up the trip.

-해야 하다 (must/had to)

포기하기에는 너무 아까워요.

It's too good to give up.

-기에는 (for doing...)

왜 포기했어요?

Why did you give up?

Interrogative past

그는 부상 때문에 경기를 포기했다.

He gave up the match due to injury.

때문에 (because of)

어려운 상황에서도 희망을 포기하지 않았다.

He didn't give up hope even in difficult situations.

-아/어도 (even if)

우리는 승리를 포기할 수 없습니다.

We cannot give up on victory.

-을 수 없다 (cannot)

회사는 그 프로젝트를 포기하기로 결정했다.

The company decided to give up on that project.

Formal decision

포기하고 싶을 때마다 가족을 생각해요.

Whenever I want to give up, I think of my family.

-(으)ㄹ 때마다 (whenever)

그는 대학 진학을 포기하고 취업을 선택했다.

He gave up going to college and chose employment.

-고 (sequential)

권리를 포기하는 것은 쉬운 일이 아니다.

Giving up rights is not an easy thing.

Abstract noun object

포기하지 않는 마음이 중요합니다.

A heart that doesn't give up is important.

Noun modifying clause

그는 결국 자신의 주장을 포기하고 말았다.

He ended up giving up his argument.

-고 말다 (ended up)

정부는 새로운 정책을 포기할 의사가 없음을 밝혔다.

The government stated they have no intention of giving up the new policy.

Formal announcement

포기는 배추 셀 때나 하는 말이라는 속담이 있다.

There is a proverb that says giving up is only for counting cabbages.

Quotation form

그는 건강상의 이유로 선수 생활을 포기해야만 했다.

He had to give up his life as an athlete for health reasons.

-해야만 하다 (strong necessity)

실패가 두려워 도전을 포기해서는 안 된다.

You should not give up on a challenge because you are afraid of failure.

-해서는 안 된다 (should not)

그녀는 아이를 위해 자신의 커리어를 포기했다.

She gave up her career for her child.

Sacrifice context

아무리 힘들어도 포기하지 않는 끈기가 필요하다.

No matter how hard it is, persistence that doesn't give up is needed.

아무리 -(으)ㄹ지라도/어도

그는 상속권을 포기하겠다는 각서를 썼다.

He wrote a memorandum stating he would waive his inheritance rights.

-겠다는 (intent)

그는 사회적 압박에 못 이겨 꿈을 포기하고 말았다.

Unable to withstand social pressure, he ended up giving up his dream.

못 이겨 (unable to win/withstand)

현대 청년들이 결혼을 포기하는 현상을 'N포 세대'라고 부른다.

The phenomenon of modern youth giving up marriage is called the 'N-po generation.'

Sociological term

그는 자신의 신념을 포기하느니 차라리 죽음을 택하겠다고 했다.

He said he would rather choose death than give up his beliefs.

-느니 차라리 (rather than...)

법원은 그가 권리를 포기한 것으로 간주했다.

The court deemed that he had waived his rights.

-ㄴ 것으로 간주하다 (deem as)

그는 모든 것을 포기한 듯한 허탈한 표정을 지었다.

He had a hollow expression as if he had given up everything.

-ㄴ 듯한 (as if)

회사는 시장 점유율을 포기하는 대신 수익성을 택했다.

The company chose profitability instead of giving up market share.

-는 대신 (instead of)

그는 끝내 자신의 정체성을 포기하지 않고 투쟁했다.

He fought until the end without giving up his identity.

끝내 (until the end/finally)

포기라는 선택지가 그에게는 존재하지 않았다.

The option of giving up did not exist for him.

Abstract subject

그는 세속적인 욕망을 포기하고 산속으로 은거했다.

He gave up worldly desires and went into seclusion in the mountains.

Archaic/Formal tone

국적 포기는 단순한 행정 절차 이상의 의미를 지닌다.

Renunciation of nationality carries meaning beyond a simple administrative procedure.

Deep philosophical nuance

그는 예술적 완성도를 위해 대중적 인기를 포기하는 결단을 내렸다.

He made the decision to give up popular appeal for the sake of artistic perfection.

Complex noun phrases

인간의 존엄성을 포기하면서까지 얻어야 할 가치는 없다.

There is no value worth obtaining if it means giving up human dignity.

-면서까지 (to the extent of...)

그는 실패의 쓴잔을 마시고 모든 희망을 포기하기에 이르렀다.

He drank the bitter cup of failure and reached the point of giving up all hope.

Idiomatic/Literary

양육권 포기 각서의 법적 효력에 대해 논쟁이 일었다.

A debate arose regarding the legal validity of the waiver of custody rights.

Legal terminology

그는 자신의 생명을 포기함으로써 타인의 생명을 구했다.

He saved others' lives by giving up his own.

Sacrifice/Heroism

포기하지 않는 불굴의 의지가 역사를 바꾼다.

The indomitable will that does not give up changes history.

High-level rhetoric

مترادف‌ها

그만두다 단념하다 체념하다

متضادها

지속하다 도전하다

ترکیب‌های رایج

꿈을 포기하다

권리를 포기하다

경기를 포기하다

희망을 포기하다

다이어트를 포기하다

공부를 포기하다

삶을 포기하다

기회를 포기하다

사랑을 포기하다

학업을 포기하다

عبارات رایج

포기하지 마세요

— Don't give up. Used for encouragement.

힘내세요, 포기하지 마세요!

포기하고 싶다

— I want to give up. Expresses exhaustion.

너무 힘들어서 다 포기하고 싶어.

포기할 수 없다

— Cannot give up. Shows determination.

이것만은 절대 포기할 수 없어요.

포기하기 일쑤다

— To often give up. Habitual quitting.

그는 작심삼일이라 포기하기 일쑤다.

포기 선언

— Declaration of giving up.

그는 결국 공개적으로 포기 선언을 했다.

포기 상태

— State of having given up.

이미 모든 것을 포기 상태다.

포기 유도

— Inducing someone to give up.

상대방의 포기를 유도하는 전략이다.

포기 각서

— A written waiver or memorandum of giving up.

그는 권리 포기 각서를 썼다.

포기할 리가 없다

— There's no way they'd give up.

그가 그렇게 쉽게 포기할 리가 없지.

포기하기엔 이르다

— It's too early to give up.

아직 포기하기엔 이릅니다. 더 해보세요.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

포기하다 vs 그만두다

Used for stopping an action or quitting a job. Less emotional than 포기하다.

포기하다 vs 양보하다

Used for yielding or giving up a seat/turn. Positive/polite context.

포기하다 vs 멈추다

Used for physical stopping of movement or a process.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"포기는 배추 셀 때나 하는 말이다"

— Giving up is for when you count cabbages. A pun on 'po' (a head of cabbage).

포기는 배추 셀 때나 하는 말이야! 끝까지 해보자.

Informal/Humorous

"두 손 두 발 다 들다"

— To raise both hands and feet. To completely give up or surrender.

그의 고집에 두 손 두 발 다 들었다.

Informal

"백기를 들다"

— To raise a white flag. To surrender or give up.

결국 그는 내 논리에 백기를 들었다.

Neutral

"수건을 던지다"

— To throw in the towel. Derived from boxing.

경기가 너무 안 풀리자 코치가 수건을 던졌다.

Neutral

"손을 떼다"

— To take one's hands off. To give up or stop being involved in something.

그는 이제 그 사업에서 손을 뗐다.

Neutral

"꼬리를 내리다"

— To lower one's tail. To give up a fight out of fear.

그는 내 위협에 꼬리를 내리고 도망갔다.

Informal

"포기하면 편하다"

— If you give up, it's comfortable. A cynical modern idiom about avoiding stress.

안 되는 일 붙잡지 마. 포기하면 편해.

Informal/Slang

"나가떨어지다"

— To fall out. To give up because of exhaustion or pressure.

강도 높은 훈련에 많은 학생들이 나가떨어졌다.

Informal

"항복을 선언하다"

— To declare surrender. Formally giving up.

그는 마침내 항복을 선언했다.

Formal

"두 손 들다"

— To raise hands. To give up in the face of someone's behavior.

아이의 장난에 두 손 들었다.

Neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

포기하다 vs 체념하다

Both mean giving up.

체념 is about emotional resignation/acceptance; 포기 is the act of quitting.

그는 실패를 체념했다 (He resigned to failure).

포기하다 vs 단념하다

Both mean giving up.

단념 is specifically about abandoning a thought or desire.

그는 복수심을 단념했다 (He abandoned his desire for revenge).

포기하다 vs 사양하다

Both involve not taking something.

사양 is polite declining; 포기 is abandoning something you had or wanted.

선물을 사양했다 (I declined the gift).

포기하다 vs 기권하다

Both mean giving up in a contest.

기권 is the technical/formal term for forfeiture.

선수가 기권했다 (The athlete forfeited).

포기하다 vs 철회하다

Both mean taking something back.

철회 is formal withdrawal of a statement or plan.

제안을 철회했다 (He withdrew the proposal).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

N을/를 포기해요.

꿈을 포기해요.

V-기(를) 포기했어요.

공부하기를 포기했어요.

N 때문에 포기해야 했어요.

부상 때문에 경기를 포기해야 했어요.

절대로 포기하지 마세요.

절대로 꿈을 포기하지 마세요.

포기할 수밖에 없었다.

상황이 나빠서 포기할 수밖에 없었다.

포기하기에는 너무 이르다.

포기하기에는 아직 너무 이르다.

N을/를 포기하느니 차라리...

꿈을 포기하느니 차라리 고생을 택하겠다.

N 포기 각서를 작성하다.

그는 상속 포기 각서를 작성했다.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

포기 The act of giving up/abandonment.

포기자 A person who gives up (e.g., 수포자).

기권 Formal forfeiture/withdrawal.

فعل‌ها

포기시키다 To make someone give up.

포기당하다 To be forced to give up.

صفت‌ها

포기할 만한 Worth giving up.

مرتبط

단념

체념

중단

그만

포기각서

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Very common in both spoken and written Korean.

اشتباهات رایج

자리를 포기하다 → 자리를 양보하다
Use 양보하다 for yielding a seat politely.
담배를 그만두다 → 담배를 끊다
Use 끊다 (to cut) for quitting habits like smoking.
포기하기 마세요 → 포기하지 마세요
The negative imperative is -지 마세요, not -기 마세요.
시험에 포기하다 → 시험을 포기하다
포기하다 takes the object marker 을/를, not the location marker 에.
포기해요 (to mean stop an action) → 그만해요
Use 그만해요 to stop a temporary action like a game or talking.

نکات

Cabbage Rule

Remember that 'po' is a counter for cabbages. Only use 'pogi' for cabbages or when things are really over!

Particle Choice

Always use 을/를. Never use 에서 or 에게 with 포기하다.

N-po Generation

Learning about 'N-po generation' will help you understand the social weight of this word in Korea.

Encouragement

Use '포기하지 마세요' to show support to your Korean-speaking friends.

Synonym Nuance

Learn '체념하다' for emotional resignation and '단념하다' for giving up on plans.

Rights

In legal contexts, this word means 'waive'. Look for it in contracts.

Drama Tropes

Listen for '포기 못 해!' in high-stakes drama scenes.

Cabbage Pun

Using the cabbage pun will make you sound very fluent and culturally aware.

Nominalization

Don't forget the -기 or -는 것 when using a verb as the object of 포기하다.

Soft G

The 'g' in pogihada is soft. Don't pronounce it like a hard 'K'.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Po' as 'Poor' and 'Gi' as 'Gift'. If you are too 'poor' to keep a 'gift', you must 'pogihada' (give it up).

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a person throwing a white flag (surrender) onto a giant cabbage (po).

شبکه واژگان

꿈 (Dream) 희망 (Hope) 권리 (Right) 기권 (Forfeit) 단념 (Abandon) 체념 (Resign) 그만 (Stop) 끝 (End)

چالش

Write three things you will never 포기하다 in your life and share them with a friend.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from Hanja 抛棄 (pogui). 抛 (pao) means 'to throw' and 棄 (qi) means 'to discard.'

معنای اصلی: To physically throw away or discard something that is no longer needed.

Sino-Korean (Hanja-eo).

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when using it regarding someone's life or health, as it can sound very pessimistic.

In English, 'give up' can be casual or serious. In Korean, '포기하다' is usually serious. For casual 'stopping,' Koreans use other verbs.

The phrase '포기는 배추 셀 때나 하는 말' is widely known. BTS lyrics often encourage 'Never Mind' and not giving up. The term '수포자' is a major social keyword in Korean education.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Education

수학을 포기하다
대학을 포기하다
시험을 포기하다
학업을 포기하다

Sports

경기를 포기하다
우승을 포기하다
출전을 포기하다
포기 선언

Legal

권리를 포기하다
상속을 포기하다
국적을 포기하다
포기 각서

Relationships

사랑을 포기하다
그녀를 포기하다
결혼을 포기하다
관계를 포기하다

Personal Growth

꿈을 포기하다
희망을 포기하다
다이어트를 포기하다
포기하지 않는 마음

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"힘들 때 포기하고 싶었던 적이 있어요?"

"절대로 포기할 수 없는 꿈이 뭐예요?"

"한국어 공부를 포기하고 싶을 때는 언제예요?"

"포기는 배추 셀 때나 하는 말이라는 말을 들어봤어요?"

"누군가 포기하려고 할 때 어떤 조언을 해주고 싶어요?"

موضوعات نگارش

내가 예전에 포기했던 일에 대해 써보세요. 왜 포기했나요?

절대로 포기하지 않을 세 가지 목표를 적고 그 이유를 설명해 보세요.

현대 사회에서 사람들이 무엇을 가장 많이 포기한다고 생각하나요?

'포기'가 때로는 긍정적인 선택이 될 수 있을까요? 자신의 생각을 써보세요.

포기하고 싶을 때 나에게 힘을 주는 문장은 무엇인가요?

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Yes, but it sounds like you are giving up on your career or that the job was a dream you can no longer pursue. For normal quitting, use '그만두다'.

포기 is general giving up. 기권 is specific to sports (forfeit) or voting (abstain).

Usually yes, as it implies loss. However, giving up a bad habit can be positive, though '끊다' (to cut/quit) is better for habits.

The most natural and common way is '포기하지 마세요'.

It stands for '수학 포기자' (math abandoner), referring to students who give up on math.

Yes, '그를 포기했다' means 'I gave up on him,' implying you no longer have hope for him.

Yes, 抛 (throw) and 棄 (discard).

It is a formal written document where someone waives their rights to something.

No, use '자리를 양보하다' when giving up a seat for someone else.

Yes, very often. For example, '포기는 빠를수록 좋다' (The sooner you give up, the better - a cynical saying).

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