자책 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 자책 is the Korean word for self-blame or self-reproach, used when you feel responsible for a mistake.
- It is commonly used as a noun with '하다' to form the verb '자책하다,' meaning to blame oneself.
- The word is often heard in comforting phrases like '자책하지 마세요' (Don't blame yourself) during emotional times.
- It differs from '후회' (regret) because it focuses on the self as the cause, not just the outcome.
The Korean noun 자책 (Jachaek) is a profound psychological term that translates most directly to 'self-reproach' or 'self-blame.' At its core, it represents an internal state where an individual directs criticism, guilt, or condemnation toward themselves for a perceived failure, mistake, or moral lapse. Unlike simple regret, which focuses on the outcome of an event, 자책 focuses on the self as the cause of that outcome. It is the act of being one's own harshest judge. In Korean society, which often emphasizes collective responsibility and high personal standards, this word carries significant emotional weight.
- Emotional Core
- The essence of 자책 is the internal dialogue of 'I should have known better' or 'It is all my fault.' It is a heavy emotion that often leads to a downward spiral of sadness and lowered self-esteem if not managed properly.
- Social Context
- In Korea, expressing 자책 can sometimes be seen as a sign of humility or a sense of responsibility (책임감). However, excessive self-blame is recognized as a psychological burden that friends and family will often try to alleviate by saying '자책하지 마세요' (Don't blame yourself).
- Linguistic Structure
- The word is composed of the Hanja characters 自 (self) and 責 (blame). It functions as a noun but is frequently turned into a verb by adding '하다' (to do), resulting in 자책하다 (to blame oneself).
그는 사고의 원인이 자신에게 있다고 생각하며 깊은 자책에 빠졌다.
Understanding when to use this word requires distinguishing it from '후회' (regret). While you might regret the weather or a lost opportunity, you only feel 자책 when you believe your own actions or lack thereof caused a negative result. It is often used in the context of parents feeling they didn't do enough for their children, students failing an exam they studied hard for, or professionals making a mistake that affects their team. It is a word that touches on the very human experience of falling short of one's own ideals.
너무 자책하지 마세요. 누구에게나 일어날 수 있는 일입니다.
그녀는 자신의 실수 때문에 팀이 졌다는 생각에 자책의 눈물을 흘렸다.
- Psychological Depth
- Psychologically, 자책 is viewed as a form of internal aggression. In Korean counseling contexts, identifying '자책감' (the feeling of self-blame) is a key step in healing from trauma or depression. It is contrasted with '자존감' (self-esteem), as high levels of the former often lead to low levels of the latter.
과도한 자책은 정신 건강에 해로울 수 있습니다.
그는 끊임없는 자책 끝에 결국 사과를 하기로 결심했다.
Using 자책 correctly involves understanding its grammatical versatility. As a noun, it often serves as the object of a verb or as part of a compound noun. The most common verb form is 자책하다, which is an active verb meaning 'to blame oneself.' You will also frequently see 자책감 (feeling of self-blame), which focuses on the emotion rather than the action.
- Verb Combinations
- Common verbs that follow 자책 include '하다' (to do/blame), '그만두다' (to stop), and '멈추다' (to cease). For example, '자책을 멈추세요' (Stop the self-blame).
- Particle Usage
- When used as an object, the particle '을/를' is used: '자책을 하다.' When describing a state of being in self-blame, '에' is used: '자책에 빠지다' (to fall into self-blame).
실패를 자신의 탓으로 돌리며 자책하는 것은 도움이 되지 않아요.
In formal settings, such as a business apology or a news report, 자책 is used to indicate a sense of moral responsibility. In casual conversation, it is often used when comforting a friend who is taking a shared misfortune too personally. It is important to note that 자책 is almost always directed inward. You cannot '자책' someone else; for that, you would use '비난하다' (to criticize/blame others) or '탓하다' (to blame).
그는 과거의 잘못을 자책하며 밤을 지새웠다.
스스로를 향한 자책은 이제 그만두기로 했어요.
- Common Modifiers
- Adjectives like '깊은' (deep), '심한' (severe), or '끊임없는' (constant) often describe the intensity of 자책. For example, '심한 자책감' means a severe feeling of self-blame.
그는 자책 섞인 목소리로 대답했다.
You will encounter 자책 in a variety of real-world Korean contexts, ranging from high-stakes emotional dramas to everyday psychological discussions. It is a staple in Korean literature and cinema because it provides a window into a character's internal struggle and moral compass. In modern Korean life, it is also a frequent topic in self-help books and mental health podcasts.
- Media and Entertainment
- In K-Dramas, when a character loses a loved one or fails a major goal, the dialogue often revolves around their 자책. It's a key element of 'Han' (한), the uniquely Korean sentiment of deep sorrow and resentment, often mixed with self-blame.
- Therapy and Counseling
- Counselors frequently use the term '자책감' (feeling of self-blame) to help patients identify toxic thought patterns. Phrases like '자책감을 내려놓다' (to let go of the feeling of self-blame) are common in these settings.
영화 속 주인공은 자신의 비겁함을 자책하며 눈물을 흘렸다.
In the news, you might hear this word during reports on public figures who have stepped down from their positions. They might express '자책하는 마음' (a heart that blames itself) as a way of taking responsibility for a scandal or policy failure. Even in sports, an athlete who makes a critical error might say in an interview, '팀원들에게 미안하고 자책이 많이 됩니다' (I feel sorry to my teammates and blame myself a lot).
그 선수는 경기 후 인터뷰에서 실점에 대해 자책했다.
어머니는 자식의 병이 자신의 탓인 양 자책하셨다.
- Literature and Poetry
- In Korean poetry, 자책 is often used to express a refined sense of self-reflection and moral purity. The poet Yun Dong-ju is a classic example, whose works often deal with the shame and self-reproach of living in a difficult era.
시인은 자신의 무력함을 자책하며 시를 썼다.
Learners of Korean often confuse 자책 with other words related to regret or reflection. While they all belong to the same emotional family, their usage and nuances differ significantly. Misusing these can change the meaning of your sentence from 'I feel bad about my actions' to 'I am thinking about my actions,' which may lack the emotional depth you intended.
- 자책 vs. 후회 (Regret)
- 후회 (Huhwoe) is a general regret about an outcome. You can regret the weather or buying a bad product. 자책 is specifically about blaming your self. You don't '자책' the weather; you '자책' that you forgot to bring an umbrella and your child got wet.
- 자책 vs. 반성 (Reflection)
- 반성 (Banseong) is a more constructive, objective look at one's mistakes to learn from them. It is often seen as positive. 자책 is more emotional and often destructive. Teachers ask students to '반성' (reflect), but they would never ask them to '자책' (blame themselves).
틀린 문장: 날씨가 나빠서 자책해요. (X)
옳은 문장: 날씨가 나빠서 후회돼요. (O)
Another common mistake is using 자책 when you actually mean 'guilt' in a legal or social sense, which is '죄책감' (Joechaekgam). While they are related, 자책 is the act of blaming, while 죄책감 is the specific feeling of having committed a 'sin' or 'crime.' If you feel bad about eating too much cake, it's 자책. If you feel bad about stealing a cake, it's 죄책감.
틀린 문장: 친구를 속여서 자책이 들어요. (Awkward)
옳은 문장: 친구를 속여서 죄책감이 들어요. (Natural)
그는 자신의 실수를 자책하며 고개를 숙였다.
- Spelling Note
- Be careful not to confuse 자책 (self-blame) with 자취 (living alone/trace). They sound somewhat similar but have completely different meanings.
그의 말에는 자책의 빛이 전혀 없었다.
To truly master 자책, you should know the words that surround it in the Korean emotional vocabulary. Each of these alternatives carries a slightly different shade of meaning, and choosing the right one will make your Korean sound much more natural and sophisticated.
- 가책 (Gachaek)
- This word is almost always used in the phrase '양심의 가책' (prick of conscience). It is specifically about the pain one feels when they have done something morally wrong. 자책 is broader and can include blaming oneself for a simple mistake like failing a test.
- 자괴감 (Jagwoegam)
- This is a very strong word meaning 'a sense of shame and worthlessness.' While 자책 is the act of blaming, 자괴감 is the devastating feeling that 'I am a pathetic person.' It is often used when one feels they have lost their dignity.
- 원망 (Wonmang)
- This means 'resentment.' While 자책 is blaming oneself, 원망 is usually directed at others. However, you can '자신을 원망하다' (resent oneself), which is a more intense, long-term version of 자책.
그는 양심의 가책을 느껴 사실을 고백했다.
When you want to express a milder form of self-blame, you might use '미안하다' (to feel sorry) or '아쉽다' (to feel it's a pity). For example, '내가 좀 더 잘했어야 했는데...' (I should have done better...) is a common way to express the feeling of 자책 without using the formal noun itself. In professional contexts, '책임을 통감하다' (to keenly feel responsibility) is a formal alternative to saying one is 자책하고 있다.
이런 결과가 나와서 자괴감이 듭니다.
누구의 탓도 아니니 스스로를 원망하지 마세요.
- Summary Table
- 자책: Self-blame (General)
가책: Prick of conscience (Moral)
반성: Reflection (Constructive)
후회: Regret (Outcome-based)
그는 자신의 실수를 깊이 반성하고 있다.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The character '責' (책) originally depicted a person being asked to pay back a debt, which is why it carries the sense of responsibility and blame.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing '자' as 'za' (z-sound). In Korean, it is closer to a 'j' sound.
- Missing the final 'k' sound in '책'.
- Confusing the vowel 'ㅐ' (ae) in '책' with 'ㅔ' (e), though they sound very similar in modern Seoul Korean.
سطح دشواری
The Hanja origin makes it easy to recognize once the components are known.
Requires understanding of how to use it as a noun vs. a verb.
The pronunciation is straightforward, but finding the right emotional context is key.
Commonly used in dramas and emotional conversations.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
-지 마세요 (Don't do...)
자책하지 마세요.
-고 있다 (Progressive state)
그는 계속 자책하고 있다.
-기보다는 (Rather than...)
자책하기보다는 반성하는 게 나아요.
-어/아지다 (Become...)
자책이 심해졌어요.
-ㄴ/는다는 것 (The fact that...)
자책한다는 것은 책임감이 있다는 뜻이에요.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
자책하지 마세요.
Don't blame yourself.
'자책' is the noun, '하지 마세요' is the polite 'don't do' command.
그는 자책을 해요.
He blames himself.
The object particle '을' is used with the noun '자책'.
저는 자책이 싫어요.
I hate self-blame.
The subject particle '이' is used with the noun '자책'.
자책은 슬퍼요.
Self-blame is sad.
The topic particle '은' is used to define the feeling.
왜 자책해요?
Why do you blame yourself?
The verb form '자책해요' is used in a question.
너무 자책하지 마.
Don't blame yourself too much (informal).
The informal ending '-지 마' is used for close friends.
자책은 안 좋아요.
Self-blame is not good.
A simple sentence using '안 좋아요' (is not good).
자책을 멈춰요.
Stop the self-blame.
Using the verb '멈추다' (to stop) with the object '자책'.
실수 때문에 자책하고 있어요.
I am blaming myself because of a mistake.
'-고 있다' indicates the present progressive state.
그만 자책하고 밥 먹어요.
Stop blaming yourself and let's eat.
'그만' is used to mean 'stop doing that' and '-(하)고' connects two actions.
자책하는 마음이 커요.
The feeling of self-blame is big.
'자책하는' is the adjective form modifying '마음' (heart/mind).
혼자서 자책하지 마세요.
Don't blame yourself alone.
'혼자서' means 'alone' or 'by oneself'.
그녀는 자책하며 울었어요.
She cried while blaming herself.
'-(으)며' indicates two actions happening at the same time.
자책 대신 반성을 하세요.
Reflect instead of blaming yourself.
'대신' means 'instead of'.
자책은 이제 그만하세요.
Stop the self-blame now.
'이제' means 'now' in the sense of 'from now on'.
자책할 필요 없어요.
There is no need to blame yourself.
'-(으)ㄹ 필요 없다' means 'there is no need to'.
그는 깊은 자책에 빠져 있어요.
He is fallen into deep self-reproach.
'자책에 빠지다' is a common expression meaning 'to fall into self-blame'.
자책감 때문에 잠을 못 잤어요.
I couldn't sleep because of the feeling of self-blame.
'자책감' adds '-감' (feeling) to '자책'.
자책하기보다는 해결책을 찾으세요.
Find a solution rather than blaming yourself.
'-기보다는' means 'rather than doing something'.
자책하는 목소리가 떨리고 있었어요.
The voice that was reproaching itself was trembling.
'자책하는' modifies '목소리' (voice).
과거의 일로 자책하는 것은 무의미해요.
Blaming yourself for past events is meaningless.
'-는 것은' turns the verb phrase into a subject.
그녀는 자신의 선택을 자책했습니다.
She reproached herself for her choice.
'자신의 선택을' is the object of '자책했습니다'.
자책을 멈추고 자신을 용서하세요.
Stop the self-blame and forgive yourself.
Using '용서하다' (to forgive) as the positive alternative.
자책이 심해지면 우울해질 수 있어요.
If self-blame becomes severe, you can become depressed.
'-어/아지면' indicates a change in state or condition.
그는 자신의 무능함을 자책하며 괴로워했다.
He suffered, reproaching himself for his incompetence.
'무능함' means incompetence; '괴로워하다' means to suffer/be in pain.
끊임없는 자책은 영혼을 갉아먹습니다.
Constant self-reproach eats away at the soul.
'갉아먹다' is a metaphorical verb meaning 'to gnaw' or 'to erode'.
사고 이후 그녀는 자책의 늪에서 헤어나오지 못했다.
After the accident, she couldn't escape the swamp of self-reproach.
'헤어나오다' means to escape or get out of a difficult situation.
부모로서 충분히 해주지 못했다는 자책감이 들어요.
I feel self-blame that I haven't done enough as a parent.
'-ㄴ다는 자책감' uses a citation form to describe the content of the feeling.
자책은 때로 책임감의 잘못된 표현이기도 합니다.
Self-blame is sometimes a mistaken expression of responsibility.
'기도 하다' means 'it is also the case that...'.
그는 자책 섞인 어조로 사과문을 낭독했다.
He read the apology letter in a tone mixed with self-reproach.
'어조' means tone of voice; '낭독하다' means to read aloud.
자책을 통해 성장하는 사람도 있습니다.
There are also people who grow through self-reproach.
'통해' means 'through' or 'by means of'.
과도한 자책은 객관적인 판단을 흐리게 합니다.
Excessive self-blame blurs objective judgment.
'흐리게 하다' means 'to make blurry' or 'to cloud'.
그의 일기에는 시대적 아픔에 대한 자책이 고스란히 담겨 있다.
His diary fully contains self-reproach regarding the pains of the era.
'고스란히' is an adverb meaning 'just as it is' or 'entirely'.
인간은 자책을 통해 비로소 자신의 도덕적 한계를 깨닫는다.
Through self-reproach, humans finally realize their moral limits.
'비로소' means 'finally' or 'for the first time after long waiting'.
그녀의 침묵은 자책의 가장 격렬한 표현이었다.
Her silence was the most intense expression of self-reproach.
'격렬한' means intense or fierce.
자책은 자신을 향한 잔인한 폭력이 될 수 있음을 명심해야 한다.
One must keep in mind that self-reproach can become a cruel violence toward oneself.
'명심해야 한다' means 'must keep in mind' or 'must bear in mind'.
그는 자책의 고통을 승화시켜 위대한 예술 작품을 남겼다.
He sublimated the pain of self-reproach to leave behind a great work of art.
'승화시키다' means to sublimate (in a psychological or chemical sense).
실존적 자책은 인간 존재의 본질적인 부분일지도 모른다.
Existential self-reproach might be an essential part of human existence.
'실존적' means existential; '본질적인' means essential.
그의 자책은 진정성 있는 사과로 이어지지 못하고 자기 연민에 머물렀다.
His self-reproach failed to lead to a sincere apology and remained as self-pity.
'자기 연민' means self-pity; '머물다' means to stay or remain.
자책의 그림자가 그의 얼굴에 짙게 드리워져 있었다.
The shadow of self-reproach was deeply cast over his face.
'짙게 드리워지다' is a literary expression for a shadow being cast deeply.
현대인의 자책은 종종 성과 중심 사회의 구조적 모순에서 기인한다.
The self-reproach of modern people often stems from the structural contradictions of a performance-oriented society.
'기인하다' means to result from or originate from.
그 소설은 자책과 속죄라는 보편적인 인간의 테마를 심도 있게 다룬다.
The novel deals in depth with the universal human themes of self-reproach and atonement.
'속죄' means atonement/redemption; '심도 있게' means in depth.
윤동주의 시 세계에서 자책은 순결한 영혼을 지키기 위한 치열한 몸부림이다.
In the poetic world of Yun Dong-ju, self-reproach is a fierce struggle to protect a pure soul.
'순결한' means pure; '몸부림' means struggle or writhing.
자책의 메커니즘을 이해하는 것은 자아 통합의 중요한 과정이다.
Understanding the mechanism of self-reproach is an important process of ego integration.
'자아 통합' is a psychological term for ego integration.
그 정치가는 자신의 과오에 대해 자책하며 정계 은퇴를 선언했다.
The politician announced his retirement from politics, reproaching himself for his mistakes.
'과오' is a formal word for mistake/fault; '정계 은퇴' means retirement from politics.
집단적 자책은 때로 한 국가의 역사적 과오를 바로잡는 동력이 된다.
Collective self-reproach sometimes becomes the driving force for correcting a nation's historical wrongs.
'집단적' means collective; '동력' means driving force/power.
자책이 자기 파괴로 이어지지 않도록 사회적 지지 체계가 필요하다.
A social support system is needed to prevent self-reproach from leading to self-destruction.
'자기 파괴' means self-destruction; '지지 체계' means support system.
그의 철학은 자책을 넘어서는 타자에 대한 무한한 책임감을 강조한다.
His philosophy emphasizes infinite responsibility toward the 'other' that goes beyond self-reproach.
'타자' means 'the other' (philosophical term); '강조하다' means to emphasize.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— Don't blame yourself. Used to comfort someone who is feeling guilty.
다 제 잘못이에요. - 아니요, 자책하지 마세요.
— To feel a sense of self-blame. Describes the onset of the emotion.
거짓말을 한 후로 계속 자책감이 들어요.
— Stop blaming yourself (informal). Used with close friends.
이미 지난 일이야. 그만 자책해.
— To be immersed in self-blame. A more poetic way to say one is very sad.
그는 며칠째 자책에 잠겨 지냈다.
— To be worth blaming oneself for. Used when a mistake was significant.
이번 실수는 그가 자책할 만한 일이었다.
— At the end of self-reproach. Usually followed by a decision or realization.
긴 자책의 끝에 그는 다시 시작하기로 했다.
— To lessen self-blame. To feel a bit better.
친구의 위로가 나의 자책을 덜어주었다.
— To feel self-reproach. A standard way to express the feeling.
자신의 무심함에 대해 자책을 느꼈다.
— To cause self-blame. Used when a situation makes someone feel guilty.
실패는 종종 자책을 유발한다.
— To endure self-blame. To live through the pain of guilt.
그는 자책을 견디며 묵묵히 일했다.
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
Sounds similar but means living alone or a trace/vestige.
Specifically means an 'own goal' in sports like soccer.
Specifically means an 'earned run' in baseball.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— The swamp of self-reproach. Refers to a state where it is hard to stop blaming oneself.
그는 자책의 늪에서 빠져나오지 못하고 있다.
Literary— To blame oneself while beating one's chest. Expresses extreme regret and pain.
그는 가슴을 치며 자책했지만 이미 늦었다.
Neutral— To turn the arrow of blame toward oneself.
그는 남을 탓하는 대신 자책의 화살을 자신에게 돌렸다.
Neutral— Self-reproach that goes to the bone. Very deep and painful self-blame.
그는 뼈저린 자책 속에 눈물을 흘렸다.
Strong— The shackles of self-reproach. Feeling trapped by one's own guilt.
과거의 잘못이라는 자책의 굴레에서 벗어나야 한다.
Literary— To struggle/writhe in self-reproach.
밤새 자책에 몸부림치며 잠을 이루지 못했다.
Neutral— To drink the bitter cup of self-reproach. To experience the full pain of blame.
패배한 감독은 자책의 쓴잔을 마셔야 했다.
Literary— To stay up all night with self-blame.
그는 자책으로 밤을 지새우며 반성했다.
Neutral— The flames of self-reproach. Intense, burning guilt.
자책의 불길이 그의 마음을 태웠다.
Literary— To live while carrying self-reproach.
그는 평생 자책을 안고 살아가기로 했다.
Neutralبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both involve looking back at the past.
후회 is about the event; 자책 is about the self.
비가 올 줄 몰랐던 것을 후회해요. (O) / 자책해요. (X)
Both involve thinking about one's mistakes.
반성 is constructive and objective; 자책 is emotional and often negative.
선생님은 학생에게 반성을 시켰다. (O) / 자책을 시켰다. (X)
Both involve feeling bad about an action.
죄책감 is about a 'sin' or moral wrong; 자책 is broader self-blame.
도둑질을 해서 죄책감이 들어요.
Both involve self-reproach.
가책 is almost exclusively used with '양심' (conscience).
양심의 가책을 느꼈다.
Both are negative self-feelings.
자괴감 is about shame and worthlessness; 자책 is specifically about blame.
자신의 초라한 모습에 자괴감이 들었다.
الگوهای جملهسازی
너무 [Noun]하지 마세요.
너무 자책하지 마세요.
[Noun] 때문에 [Verb]하고 있어요.
자책감 때문에 잠을 못 자고 있어요.
[Noun]에 빠지다.
깊은 자책에 빠졌어요.
[Noun]하는 것은 [Adjective]해요.
자신을 자책하는 것은 나빠요.
[Verb]-(으)며 [Verb].
그는 자책하며 울었다.
[Noun]의 [Noun]에서 헤어나오다.
자책의 늪에서 헤어나왔다.
[Noun]-(으)로 이어지다.
자책이 자기 파괴로 이어졌다.
[Noun]에 기인하다.
자책은 사회적 구조에서 기인한다.
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Common in emotional, psychological, and formal contexts.
-
Using '자책' for others blaming you.
→
비난 (Binan) or 탓 (Tat).
'자책' is strictly for *self*-blame. You cannot '자책' someone else.
-
Confusing '자책' with '자취'.
→
자책 (Self-blame) vs. 자취 (Living alone).
These sound similar but are unrelated. Context is usually clear, but be careful with pronunciation.
-
Saying '자책이 있어요' to mean 'I feel guilty'.
→
자책감이 들어요 or 자책하고 있어요.
'자책이 있다' is grammatically possible but sounds very awkward. Use the verb form or '자책감'.
-
Using '자책' for missing a bus.
→
후회 (Huhwoe).
'자책' is too heavy for minor inconveniences that aren't your 'moral' or 'serious' fault.
-
Writing '자책하다' for reflecting on a lesson.
→
반성하다 (Banseonghada).
'자책' is emotional/negative; '반성' is for learning and improvement.
نکات
Verb Conversion
Always remember to add '하다' to '자책' to make it an action. '자책해' is more natural than just saying '자책'.
Blame vs. Regret
If you are the cause, use '자책'. If the situation is just bad, use '후회'.
Humility
In some cases, a small amount of '자책' in an apology shows that you are a responsible person.
Particles
Use '에' with '빠지다' (자책에 빠지다) and '을' with '하다' (자책을 하다).
Comforting Others
Memorize '자책하지 마세요' as a set phrase. It is incredibly useful for building relationships.
Context Clues
If someone is crying and saying '미안해' (sorry), they are likely experiencing '자책'.
Compound Nouns
'자책감' is often more natural when describing a persistent feeling than just '자책'.
Hanja Power
Knowing that '자' means self will help you learn words like '자신', '자유', and '자동차'.
Mental Health
In Korean counseling, '자책' is a key term. Understanding it helps you understand Korean mental health discourse.
Conscience
Use '양심의 가책' specifically when you feel you've done something morally wrong.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Imagine you are holding a 'Check' (책) that says 'Self' (자) on it, and you are scolding yourself for spending too much money.
تداعی تصویری
A person looking into a mirror and pointing a finger at their own reflection.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to write a diary entry in Korean about a small mistake you made, using the word '자책' at least twice.
ریشه کلمه
Derived from the Hanja (Sino-Korean characters) '自' (자) meaning 'self' and '責' (책) meaning 'to blame' or 'to hold responsible.'
معنای اصلی: To hold oneself responsible or to scold oneself.
Sino-Koreanبافت فرهنگی
Be careful when using this word with someone who is genuinely depressed; it's better to offer comfort than to label their feelings too clinically.
English speakers might use 'I'm beating myself up' or 'I feel so guilty,' which are close equivalents to '자책하고 있다.'
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
After a failed exam
- 공부 안 한 내 자신이 자책돼요.
- 자책해봤자 소용없어.
- 자책하지 말고 다음에 잘하자.
- 자책감이 너무 커요.
In a relationship breakup
- 내가 더 잘해줄걸 하는 자책이 들어요.
- 자책은 이제 그만하고 싶어.
- 서로 자책하지 말자.
- 모든 게 내 탓이라는 자책에 빠졌어.
At work after a mistake
- 팀원들에게 미안해서 자책하고 있습니다.
- 자책보다는 대책이 필요합니다.
- 심한 자책으로 업무에 집중이 안 돼요.
- 상사에게 자책 섞인 사과를 했다.
Parenting
- 아이에게 화를 내고 나면 자책하게 돼요.
- 부모로서의 자책감.
- 자책하지 마세요, 좋은 엄마예요.
- 자책은 아이에게도 안 좋아요.
Public Apology
- 국민 여러분께 자책의 말씀을 드립니다.
- 책임을 통감하며 자책하고 있습니다.
- 깊은 자책 끝에 결정을 내렸습니다.
- 자책하는 마음으로 물러납니다.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"실수했을 때 보통 자책을 많이 하는 편인가요?"
"친구에게 '자책하지 마'라고 말해본 적이 있나요?"
"자책감을 느낄 때 어떻게 극복하시나요?"
"한국 드라마에서 자책하는 장면을 본 적이 있나요?"
"어떤 상황에서 가장 큰 자책을 느끼시나요?"
موضوعات نگارش
오늘 내가 한 행동 중에 자책하고 싶은 일이 있나요? 왜 그런가요?
누군가 나에게 '자책하지 마'라고 위로해준 경험에 대해 써보세요.
자책과 반성의 차이점은 무엇이라고 생각하는지 적어보세요.
내가 만약 과거의 나에게 자책하지 말라고 말한다면 어떤 말을 해주고 싶나요?
과도한 자책을 멈추기 위한 나만의 방법 3가지를 써보세요.
سوالات متداول
10 سوال'자책'은 자신을 책망하는 행위 그 자체(noun/action)를 말하고, '자책감'은 그로 인해 느껴지는 감정(feeling)을 말합니다. 보통 '자책을 하다'라고 하거나 '자책감이 들다'라고 표현합니다. 예를 들어, '실수에 대해 자책했다'와 '실수 후 자책감이 들었다'는 비슷한 맥락에서 쓰입니다.
축구나 하키 같은 경기에서 자기 편의 골문에 골을 넣는 'own goal'을 말합니다. 말 그대로 '자신을 책망하게 되는 골'이라는 뜻에서 유래했습니다. 일상적인 '자책'과는 쓰임이 다르므로 주의해야 합니다.
친구나 동료가 어떤 실수나 불운한 일에 대해 자신의 탓이라고 생각하며 슬퍼할 때 위로하기 위해 씁니다. 'Don't blame yourself' 또는 'Don't be so hard on yourself'라는 뜻입니다. 아주 따뜻하고 공감적인 표현입니다.
심리학적으로 과도한 자책은 나쁘지만, 적절한 자책은 자신의 행동을 돌아보고 책임감을 느끼는 과정으로 볼 수도 있습니다. 하지만 한국어 대화에서는 주로 '너무 많이 하지 말아야 할 것'으로 여겨져 위로의 대상이 됩니다.
딱 하나로 정해진 반대말은 없지만, 상황에 따라 '자만'(pride), '자기합리화'(self-justification), 또는 '뻔뻔함'(shamelessness) 등이 반대되는 개념으로 쓰일 수 있습니다. 자신을 용서하는 '자기 용서'도 반대되는 행동입니다.
네, 맞습니다. '내 탓이야'는 'It is my fault'라는 뜻으로, 자책하는 마음을 직접적으로 표현하는 문장입니다. 이런 감정의 상태를 명사로 '자책'이라고 부릅니다.
'자책하다'(verb), '자책을 느끼다'(feel), '자책에 빠지다'(fall into) 등이 가장 흔한 활용법입니다. '그는 자책하며 울었다'처럼 부사적으로 쓰이기도 합니다.
교육적이거나 긍정적인 상황에서는 '반성'을 더 많이 쓰고, 슬프거나 감정적인 상황에서는 '자책'을 더 많이 씁니다. 예를 들어 반성문은 쓰지만 자책문은 쓰지 않습니다.
'자취'(jachwi)는 혼자 사는 것(living alone)이나 흔적(trace)을 뜻합니다. '자책'(jachaek)은 끝소리가 'k'로 끝나고 'self-blame'을 뜻하므로 문맥을 통해 구분하세요.
네, 스스로 자(自)와 꾸짖을 책(責)이 합쳐진 한자어입니다. '스스로를 꾸짖다'라는 뜻을 그대로 담고 있습니다.
خودت رو بسنج 200 سوال
Translate to Korean: 'Don't blame yourself too much.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate to Korean: 'He is blaming himself for the mistake.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate to Korean: 'I feel a lot of self-blame.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '자책에 빠지다'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate to Korean: 'Stop the self-blame and look forward.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate to Korean: 'It's not your fault, so don't blame yourself.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '자책하는 마음'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate to Korean: 'Excessive self-blame is bad for you.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate to Korean: 'She cried, reproaching herself.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a short paragraph (3 sentences) about a mistake and '자책'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate to Korean: 'I've decided to stop blaming myself.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate to Korean: 'The player blamed himself for the loss.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate to Korean: 'I stayed up all night with self-reproach.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a formal apology using '자책'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate to Korean: 'There was no need to blame myself.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate to Korean: 'Self-blame is a heavy emotion.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate to Korean: 'I am struggling with self-blame.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate to Korean: 'He spoke in a voice mixed with self-reproach.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate to Korean: 'Let's not blame ourselves.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '양심의 가책'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Say 'Don't blame yourself' in polite Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Tell a friend 'Stop blaming yourself' informally.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I am blaming myself' in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I feel guilty' using '자책감'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Practice saying '너무 자책하지 마세요' with a comforting tone.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Explain why you are blaming yourself in Korean.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'There is no need to blame yourself.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I'm sorry, I blame myself.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'It's my fault' followed by 'I blame myself'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Stop the self-blame and be happy.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
How would you tell a child not to blame themselves?
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I blame my incompetence.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I fell into deep self-blame.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Don't blame yourself too much, it's okay.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I am reflecting on my mistake' (using 반성).
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I feel a prick of conscience.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Self-blame is painful.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I'm trying to stop blaming myself.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I am crying because of self-blame.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Please forgive yourself.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Listen to a clip of a K-Drama and identify the word '자책'. (Simulated)
Listen to '자책하지 마세요' and translate it.
Identify the emotion: '다 나 때문이야. 내가 왜 그랬을까...'
Listen to '자책감이 들어요' and write it down.
Is the speaker comforting someone? '너무 자책하지 마, 네 잘못 아니야.'
Listen to '깊은 자책에 빠졌습니다' and translate.
Listen to '자책 섞인 목소리' and explain what it sounds like.
Listen to '자책할 필요 없어요' and answer: Is there a need to blame?
Listen to '그만 자책해' and identify the formality.
Listen to '자책은 이제 그만' and translate.
Listen to '자책하는 마음으로' and translate.
Listen to '양심의 가책' and explain the meaning.
Listen to '자책의 눈물' and translate.
Listen to '자책하지 마십시오' and identify formality.
Identify the noun in '자책하고 있어요'.
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Summary
The word 자책 (self-blame) is essential for expressing deep personal responsibility and internal struggle. For example, '자책하지 마세요' (Don't blame yourself) is a key phrase for offering comfort and empathy in Korean culture.
- 자책 is the Korean word for self-blame or self-reproach, used when you feel responsible for a mistake.
- It is commonly used as a noun with '하다' to form the verb '자책하다,' meaning to blame oneself.
- The word is often heard in comforting phrases like '자책하지 마세요' (Don't blame yourself) during emotional times.
- It differs from '후회' (regret) because it focuses on the self as the cause, not just the outcome.
Verb Conversion
Always remember to add '하다' to '자책' to make it an action. '자책해' is more natural than just saying '자책'.
Blame vs. Regret
If you are the cause, use '자책'. If the situation is just bad, use '후회'.
Humility
In some cases, a small amount of '자책' in an apology shows that you are a responsible person.
Particles
Use '에' with '빠지다' (자책에 빠지다) and '을' with '하다' (자책을 하다).
محتوای مرتبط
قواعد دستوری مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر emotions
받아들이다
A2پذیرفتن، قبول کردن.
아파하다
A2احساس درد یا غم کردن (معمولاً در مورد دیگران).
감탄스럽다
A2صبر و شکیبایی او در این شرایط سخت واقعاً ستودنی است.
감탄
A2Admiration or marvel; a feeling of wonder.
감탄하다
A2تحسین کردن یا شگفتزده شدن؛ ابراز شگفتی از چیزی زیبا یا فوقالعاده.
기특하다
B1قابل ستایش برای یک کار خوب یا فکر پخته.
충고
B1راهنمایی یا توصیههایی که در رابطه با اقدامات آینده ارائه میشود؛ نصیحت صادقانه.
애정
B1علاقه؛ یک احساس ملایم از دوست داشتن یا دلبستگی.
애틋하다
B2عشق لطیف و حسرتبار آنها همه را تحت تأثیر قرار داد.
살갑다
B22
