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B1 noun #700 پرکاربردترین 10 دقیقه مطالعه

资料

ziliao رتبه 700

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 资料 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 资料 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of '资料' (zīliào) as 'stuff for learning' or 'simple info.' You might see it in your Chinese class when the teacher gives you a handout. It is like the word 'materials' in English. You don't need to use it in complex ways yet. Just remember that '学习资料' (xuéxí zīliào) means 'study materials.' If you have a book or a paper that helps you learn, that is your 资料. You might also hear it when someone talks about their 'personal info' on a phone app. It is a useful word to know because it appears in many places like libraries or on websites where you download things. Even at this early stage, knowing that 资料 refers to a group of helpful things (like papers or files) will help you understand what people are giving you or asking for in a classroom or office setting.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the A2 level, you should start using '资料' (zīliào) to describe the things you need for specific tasks. For example, when you are doing homework, you might '找资料' (zhǎo zīliào - look for materials). When you apply for a student ID or a simple membership, the staff might ask for your '资料.' You should know that it is a noun and usually comes after verbs like '有' (have), '看' (look at), or '找' (find). You can also start pairing it with simple adjectives, like '很多资料' (many materials) or '好资料' (good materials). It is important to distinguish it from '书' (shū - book). A book is a physical object, but 资料 is the information or the papers inside. If you have a folder full of printed papers for your Chinese project, you can call that folder of papers your '资料.'

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the B1 level, '资料' (zīliào) becomes a key word for professional and academic communication. You are expected to use it in contexts like '收集资料' (collecting materials) for a report or '整理资料' (organizing materials) in an office. You should understand that 资料 refers to a purposeful collection of data or documents. For instance, if you are planning a trip, the brochures, maps, and saved articles you have are your '旅游资料' (travel materials). At this level, you should also be aware of the measure word '份' (fèn), as in '一份资料' (a set of materials). You will encounter this word frequently in work emails ('请看附件中的资料' - Please see the materials in the attachment) and in more formal reading passages about research or history. You should also be able to distinguish it from '信息' (information), knowing that 资料 is more structured and tangible.

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using '资料' (zīliào) in abstract and formal contexts. You will use it to discuss '参考资料' (reference materials) in academic writing or '原始资料' (original sources) in historical analysis. You should understand how it functions in compound words like '资料库' (database/archive) and '背景资料' (background information). At this level, you are expected to use more sophisticated verbs with it, such as '查阅' (consult), '核实' (verify), or '归档' (archive). You should also understand the nuance between 资料 and similar words like '数据' (data) or '文献' (literature), choosing the most appropriate one for your specific context. For example, in a business presentation, you might say '根据我们收集到的市场资料' (According to the market materials we have collected) to sound professional and thorough.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the C1 level, your use of '资料' (zīliào) should be precise and nuanced. You will encounter it in complex academic texts, legal documents, and high-level business reports. You should be able to discuss the 'reliability of materials' (资料的可靠性) or 'the completeness of materials' (资料的完整性). You will understand its use in specialized fields, such as '史料' (historical materials) in historiography or '机密资料' (classified materials) in security contexts. At this level, you should be able to use 资料 to describe not just physical or digital files, but also the abstract body of evidence supporting a complex theory or legal case. You should also be familiar with idiomatic or semi-formal expressions involving 资料, and be able to use it fluently in debates or presentations to cite sources and back up your arguments with 'substantial materials' (翔实的资料).

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the C2 level, '资料' (zīliào) is a tool for masterful communication. You understand its deep etymological roots and its role in the history of Chinese bureaucracy and scholarship. You can use it to navigate the most complex archival systems in China, discussing '孤本资料' (unique/rare materials) or '绝版资料' (out-of-print materials). Your usage will reflect a perfect grasp of register, knowing exactly when to use 资料 versus more specialized terms like '卷宗' (files/dossiers) or '案卷' (records). You can critically evaluate the 'authenticity of materials' (资料的真实性) in a scholarly critique and use the word to describe the vast, interconnected web of information in the digital age. At this level, 资料 is not just a word for 'stuff,' but a concept representing the entire infrastructure of human knowledge and record-keeping that you can manipulate with native-like precision.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

资料 در ۳۰ ثانیه

资料 (zīliào) is a noun meaning materials, data, or information used for a specific purpose like study, research, or professional tasks.
It is commonly used in academic and office settings, often paired with verbs like 'collect' (收集), 'organize' (整理), and 'consult' (查阅).
Unlike general 'information' (信息), 资料 implies a structured collection or a set of resources needed for a particular goal or application.
Common examples include 'study materials' (学习资料), 'application materials' (申请资料), and 'reference materials' (参考资料), emphasizing its role as a foundational resource.

The term 资料 (zīliào) is a fundamental noun in the Chinese language, primarily used to denote 'materials,' 'data,' or 'information' that serves as a foundation for research, study, or professional tasks. Unlike general information (信息), 资料 implies a level of organization or a specific purpose, such as documents gathered for a court case, data collected for a scientific experiment, or study guides for an upcoming examination. It bridges the gap between raw facts and processed knowledge, representing the essential building blocks of any intellectual or administrative endeavor. In daily life, you will encounter this word in libraries, offices, schools, and digital environments, where it refers to both physical paper files and digital assets like PDFs or database entries.

Academic Context: In universities and research institutes, 资料 refers to the primary and secondary sources used to support a thesis. This includes historical records, statistical data, and previous scholarly publications. Scholars spend years 'collecting materials' (收集资料) to ensure their arguments are well-founded and evidence-based.

为了写这篇论文，我查阅了大量的历史资料。 (To write this thesis, I consulted a large amount of historical materials.)

Professional Environment: In a corporate setting, 资料 often refers to the documents required for a meeting, a project proposal, or a client's background information. When a manager asks for 'meeting materials' (会议资料), they are looking for the agendas, reports, and presentations that will guide the discussion. It is the lifeblood of administrative efficiency.

Furthermore, 资料 is frequently used in the context of personal applications. Whether you are applying for a visa, a job, or a school, you must submit 'application materials' (申请资料). This usage highlights the word's role as a collection of necessary evidence or documentation. The word carries a sense of formality and preparation; one does not simply have 资料, one 'prepares' (准备), 'organizes' (整理), or 'archives' (归档) it. Its versatility across digital and physical realms makes it indispensable for any learner aiming for B1 proficiency and beyond.

请把你的申请资料发到我的邮箱。 (Please send your application materials to my email.)

Digital Age Usage: In the era of the internet, 资料 has expanded to include downloadable content, online courses, and cloud-stored files. People often search for 'learning materials' (学习资料) on platforms like Baidu Pan or GitHub. Here, it signifies a curated set of resources intended to help someone master a skill or gain knowledge.

网上有很多免费的英语学习资料。 (There are many free English learning materials online.)

这份资料是绝密的，不能外传。 (This material is top secret and cannot be shared externally.)

我们需要更多的背景资料来做决定。 (We need more background information to make a decision.)

Using 资料 correctly requires understanding its role as a noun and the specific verbs that typically accompany it. Because it represents a collection of items, it is often paired with verbs related to gathering, managing, or utilizing information. In a sentence, it can function as the subject, object, or part of a prepositional phrase. It is rarely used as a verb itself, which is a common mistake for English speakers who might try to say 'I am materializing the data.' Instead, focus on the actions performed *on* the materials.

Verbs of Acquisition: The most common verbs for obtaining 资料 are 收集 (shōují - to collect), 查找 (cházhǎo - to search for), and 索取 (suǒqǔ - to request/demand). For example, '收集资料' is the standard way to describe the initial phase of a research project or an investigation.

警察正在收集有关该案件的资料。 (The police are collecting materials related to the case.)

Verbs of Management: Once you have the materials, you must 整理 (zhěnglǐ - to organize), 归档 (guīdàng - to archive), or 翻译 (fānyì - to translate) them. '整理资料' is a very common phrase in office work, referring to the act of putting files in order or cleaning up a database.

我花了整个下午来整理这些客户资料。 (I spent the whole afternoon organizing these client materials.)

In complex sentences, 资料 often acts as the head of a noun phrase modified by an adjective or another noun. For instance, '参考资料' (reference materials) or '原始资料' (original/raw materials). This allows for very specific descriptions of what kind of information is being discussed. It is also common to see it in the structure '关于...的资料' (materials regarding...).

这些资料对我们的研究非常有价值。 (These materials are very valuable to our research.)

Verbs of Usage: To use the materials, verbs like 查阅 (cháyuè - to consult/look up), 参考 (cānkǎo - to refer to), and 提供 (tígōng - to provide) are used. '查阅资料' is the formal way to say you are looking through documents for information.

图书馆提供了丰富的电子资料。 (The library provides rich electronic materials.)

如果你需要更多资料，请随时告诉我。 (If you need more materials, please let me know anytime.)

他把所有的资料都弄丢了。 (He lost all the materials.)

The word 资料 is ubiquitous in any environment where information is exchanged, stored, or required for a process. It is a 'high-utility' word, meaning it appears in formal documents as often as it does in casual office chatter. Understanding the specific contexts where it appears will help you recognize the nuance of its meaning, whether it refers to a physical stack of papers or an abstract set of facts.

Educational Settings: Students hear this word daily. Teachers might say, '我把复习资料发给你们' (I am sending the review materials to you). In university libraries, signs point to the '文献资料室' (Literature and Resource Room). It is the standard term for any handouts, reading lists, or study guides provided to students.

考试前，一定要好好看老师给的复习资料。 (Before the exam, you must carefully read the review materials given by the teacher.)

Government and Bureaucracy: When dealing with Chinese government offices (like the PSB for visas or the tax bureau), 资料 is the word used for all required paperwork. You will often see lists titled '所需资料' (Required Materials). In this context, it is non-negotiable and refers to specific certificates, IDs, and forms.

办理签证需要准备哪些资料？ (What materials need to be prepared to handle a visa?)

In the tech world, particularly in software and web development, 资料 refers to documentation. If you are using a new API or library, you look for its '技术资料' (technical documentation). It also appears in the settings of apps like WeChat or Alipay under '个人资料' (Personal Information/Profile), where you can change your name, photo, and bio. This shows the word's evolution from physical archives to digital identity.

你可以在官网上下载最新的技术资料。 (You can download the latest technical materials on the official website.)

Historical and Archival Work: Historians use the term '史料' (shǐliào), which is a contraction of 历史资料 (historical materials). This refers to any artifact, text, or oral history that provides evidence of the past. In museums, you will see '资料库' (database/archive) used to describe where items are cataloged.

由于资料不全，他的申请被退回了。 (Because the materials were incomplete, his application was returned.)

我们需要查阅更多的原始资料。 (We need to consult more original materials.)

请确认你的个人资料是否正确。 (Please confirm if your personal information is correct.)

For English speakers, the primary difficulty with 资料 lies in its overlap with other words like 材料 (cáiliào), 信息 (xìnxī), and 数据 (shùjù). While they all relate to 'information' or 'stuff,' their usage is strictly governed by context. Misusing these can make your Chinese sound unnatural or even lead to confusion in professional settings. Let's break down the most frequent errors and how to avoid them.

Confusing 资料 with 材料 (cáiliào): This is the most common mistake. 材料 usually refers to physical building materials (wood, steel) or the 'raw material' for a story or creative work. While they overlap in the sense of 'application materials' (申请材料/申请资料), 资料 is more about the *information* contained within, while 材料 emphasizes the *substance* or the individual components. You cannot use 资料 for building a house.

Wrong: 这种建筑资料很贵。 (This building material is expensive.) -> Right: 这种建筑材料很贵。

Confusing 资料 with 信息 (xìnxī): 信息 is 'information' in a general, abstract sense (e.g., news, a message, or data bits). 资料 is a 'collection of information' for a purpose. If you receive a text message, that's 信息. If you gather 50 text messages to prove a point in court, that collection becomes 资料. Using 资料 for a single piece of news sounds strange.

Wrong: 我收到了一个资料。 (I received a [piece of] material.) -> Right: 我收到了一条信息。

Another mistake is using 资料 as a verb. In English, we might say 'I need to document this,' but in Chinese, you cannot say '我要资料这个.' You must use a verb-object structure like '我要记录这些资料' (I want to record these materials) or '我要整理资料' (I want to organize the materials). Always pair 资料 with a functional verb.

Misusing Measure Words: Learners often use '个' (ge) for everything. While '一个资料' is occasionally heard in very casual speech, it is much better to use '一份资料' (yī fèn - a set/copy) or '一些资料' (yī xiē - some). Using '份' shows you understand that 资料 is usually a structured set of documents.

Wrong: 请给我那个资料。 (Please give me that material - sounds vague.) -> Better: 请给我那份资料。

Wrong: 实验资料显示温度是30度。 (The materials show the temperature is 30 degrees.) -> Better: 实验数据显示温度是30度。

Wrong: 我在资料他。 (I am 'materialing' him.) -> Right: 我在查看他的个人资料。

To truly master 资料, you must understand its 'neighbors' in the semantic field of information and materials. Chinese is a language of precision, and choosing the right word from this group will significantly elevate your fluency. Below is a comparison of 资料 with its most common synonyms and related terms.

资料 (zīliào) vs. 材料 (cáiliào): As mentioned, 资料 is for information/data used for research or reference. 材料 is broader; it can mean physical materials (like wood) or 'data' in a more 'raw' or 'component' sense. In applications, they are often interchangeable, but 资料 sounds slightly more academic or systematic.

资料 (zīliào) vs. 数据 (shùjù): 数据 specifically refers to 'data' in the form of numbers, statistics, or digital bits. 资料 is the 'materials' which might *contain* data, but also includes text, images, and context. Use 数据 for math and computer science; use 资料 for the whole folder of information.

我们需要分析这些数据。 (We need to analyze this data.) vs. 我们需要查阅这些资料。 (We need to consult these materials.)

资料 (zīliào) vs. 信息 (xìnxī): 信息 is 'information' in its most general sense. It can be a single fact or a broad concept. 资料 is a specific collection of information gathered for a purpose. You 'exchange information' (交换信息) but you 'collect materials' (收集资料).

资料 (zīliào) vs. 文献 (wénxiàn): 文献 is much more formal and specifically refers to 'literature' or 'documents' of historical or academic value. All 文献 are 资料, but not all 资料 (like your grocery list or a quick memo) are 文献.

这份文献记载了唐朝的历史。 (This literature records the history of the Tang Dynasty.)

他在网上搜集写作素材。 (He is collecting writing 'material/inspiration' online - '素材' is specifically for creative work.)

请查收附件中的会议资讯。 (Please check the meeting 'information/news' in the attachment - '资讯' is often used for news or updates.)

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character '料' (liào) also means 'to expect' or 'to foresee' (as in 预料). This hints at the idea that 资料 are the materials you gather because you *expect* to need them for a future purpose.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /tsɨ́.li̯âʊ̯/

US /tsɨ́.li̯âʊ̯/

In Chinese, both syllables are stressed according to their tones, but 'liào' often feels more emphatic due to the falling tone.

هم‌قافیه با

妙 (miào) 笑 (xiào) 掉 (diào) 叫 (jiào) 票 (piào) 桥 (qiáo - though different tone) 跳 (tiào) 要 (yào)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'zi' like the English 'zee' (it should be more like 'dz' with a buzz).
Failing to make 'liào' a sharp falling tone, making it sound like 'liáo' (rising).
Mumbling the 'i' in 'liào', making it sound like 'lào'.
Using the wrong tone for 'zi' (e.g., Tone 3 'zǐ' which means purple).
Confusing the 'l' in 'liao' with an 'n' sound in some regional dialects.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

The characters are common but '资' has many strokes. It appears frequently in news and textbooks.

نوشتن 4/5

Writing '资' and '料' correctly requires attention to the radicals (shell and rice).

صحبت کردن 2/5

Pronunciation is relatively straightforward if tones are mastered.

گوش دادن 2/5

Distinct sound, easy to recognize in context.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

书 (book) 看 (look) 学习 (study) 信息 (information) 材料 (material)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

文献 (literature) 档案 (archive) 数据库 (database) 研究 (research) 引用 (cite)

پیشرفته

考证 (textual research) 详实 (detailed and solid) 浩如烟海 (vast sea of books) 归档 (archive/file)

گرامر لازم

Measure Word '份' (fèn)

请给我一份资料。

Resultative Complement '好' (hǎo)

资料准备好了吗？

Preposition '关于' (guānyú)

关于北京的资料。

Verb-Object Structure

收集 (verb) + 资料 (object).

Adjective Modification with '的'

重要的资料。

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

老师给了我们很多学习资料。

The teacher gave us many study materials.

Uses '很多' (many) to quantify the noun.

这是我的个人资料。

This is my personal information.

Possessive '我的' (my) modifies '资料'.

图书馆有中文资料吗？

Does the library have Chinese materials?

Simple question with '吗'.

我需要找一些资料。

I need to find some materials.

Uses '一些' (some) as a quantifier.

请看这份资料。

Please look at this material.

Uses the measure word '份' (fèn).

这些资料很有用。

These materials are very useful.

Uses '这些' (these) and the adjective '有用' (useful).

他在网上看资料。

He is looking at materials online.

Uses the location '在网上' (online).

我没有复习资料。

I don't have review materials.

Negative '没有' (don't have).

我们要收集关于北京的资料。

We need to collect materials about Beijing.

Uses '关于...的' (about...) to modify '资料'.

你准备好申请资料了吗？

Have you prepared the application materials?

Resultative complement '准备好' (prepared).

这些资料是免费的。

These materials are free.

Simple 'A 是 B 的' structure.

请把资料发到我的邮箱。

Please send the materials to my email.

Uses the '把' (bǎ) construction for disposal.

我正在整理明天的会议资料。

I am organizing tomorrow's meeting materials.

Progressive aspect '正在' (is doing).

他在图书馆查资料。

He is looking up materials in the library.

Verb '查' (to check/look up) + '资料'.

这份资料一共十页。

This material is ten pages in total.

Uses '一共' (in total) to specify quantity.

网上有很多免费的学习资料。

There are many free study materials online.

Existential '有' sentence.

为了写报告，我查阅了大量的参考资料。

To write the report, I consulted a large amount of reference materials.

Uses '查阅' (consult) and '大量' (a large amount).

这些原始资料对研究非常重要。

These original materials are very important for the research.

Uses '对...非常重要' (very important for...).

请确认你的个人资料是否完整。

Please confirm whether your personal information is complete.

Uses '是否' (whether or not) to introduce a choice.

我们需要备份所有的电子资料。

We need to back up all the electronic materials.

Verb '备份' (back up) + '电子资料' (electronic materials).

由于资料不全，申请被退回了。

Because the materials were incomplete, the application was returned.

Uses '由于' (due to) to show cause and effect.

他把资料弄丢了，现在很着急。

He lost the materials and is very anxious now.

Uses '把' and the resultative '弄丢' (lost).

这份资料详细介绍了公司的历史。

This material introduces the company's history in detail.

Adverb '详细' (in detail) modifying '介绍' (introduce).

你可以在我们的资料库中找到答案。

You can find the answer in our database.

Uses the compound '资料库' (database).

根据相关资料显示，该地区的经济正在增长。

According to relevant materials, the region's economy is growing.

Formal structure '根据...显示' (According to... it shows).

我们需要对这些资料进行分类和归档。

We need to classify and archive these materials.

Uses '对...进行' (to carry out... on).

这份机密资料严禁外传。

This confidential material is strictly forbidden from being shared.

Uses '严禁' (strictly forbid) and '外传' (spread outside).

他在论文中引用了大量的文献资料。

He cited a large amount of literature and materials in his thesis.

Verb '引用' (cite) + '文献资料'.

这些资料的真实性还有待核实。

The authenticity of these materials remains to be verified.

Formal phrase '有待核实' (remains to be verified).

公司正在更新客户的背景资料。

The company is updating the customers' background information.

Compound '背景资料' (background information).

由于缺乏第一手资料，研究陷入了困境。

Due to a lack of first-hand materials, the research fell into a predicament.

Uses '缺乏' (lack) and '第一手' (first-hand).

请把所有的补充资料都整理好。

Please organize all the supplementary materials.

Compound '补充资料' (supplementary materials).

专家们正在对出土的史料进行深入研究。

Experts are conducting in-depth research on the unearthed historical materials.

Uses '史料' (shǐliào) as a formal abbreviation for historical materials.

这份报告基于详实的调查资料。

This report is based on detailed and solid investigation materials.

Uses '基于' (based on) and '详实' (detailed and accurate).

他试图通过伪造资料来骗取贷款。

He tried to obtain a loan by forging materials.

Verb '伪造' (forge) + '资料'.

这些资料为我们提供了宝贵的线索。

These materials provided us with valuable clues.

Uses '为...提供' (provide... for).

我们需要重新审视现有的档案资料。

We need to re-examine the existing archival materials.

Uses '重新审视' (re-examine) and '档案资料' (archival materials).

该书收集了大量珍贵的图片资料。

The book collects a large amount of precious image materials.

Compound '图片资料' (image materials).

由于资料外泄，公司的声誉受到了损害。

Due to the leak of materials, the company's reputation was damaged.

Uses '外泄' (leak) and '声誉' (reputation).

这份资料的内容非常庞杂，需要仔细梳理。

The content of this material is very complex and needs to be carefully sorted out.

Uses '庞杂' (numerous and jumbled) and '梳理' (to comb/sort out).

学者们致力于挖掘那些尘封已久的文献资料。

Scholars are dedicated to excavating those long-forgotten archival materials.

Uses '致力于' (dedicated to) and '尘封已久' (long-forgotten/covered in dust).

该论著引用了大量鲜为人知的孤本资料。

The work cites a large amount of little-known unique/rare materials.

Uses '鲜为人知' (little-known) and '孤本' (unique copy).

我们需要对这些资料进行去伪存真的处理。

We need to process these materials to eliminate the false and retain the true.

Uses the idiom '去伪存真' (eliminate the false and retain the true).

这些资料的流失是国家文化遗产的巨大损失。

The loss of these materials is a huge loss to the national cultural heritage.

Uses '流失' (loss/drain) and '文化遗产' (cultural heritage).

他以这些第一手资料为基础，构建了自己的理论体系。

Based on these first-hand materials, he constructed his own theoretical system.

Uses '以...为基础' (based on...) and '理论体系' (theoretical system).

这份资料详尽地记录了那个时代的社会风貌。

This material records the social landscape of that era in great detail.

Uses '详尽' (exhaustive/detailed) and '社会风貌' (social landscape).

在浩如烟海的资料中，他终于找到了那个关键的证据。

In the vast sea of materials, he finally found that key piece of evidence.

Uses the idiom '浩如烟海' (vast as the sea) to describe the amount of materials.

这些资料的解读需要极高的专业素养。

The interpretation of these materials requires a very high level of professional quality.

Uses '解读' (interpretation) and '专业素养' (professional quality).

مترادف‌ها

材料信息文献档案

ترکیب‌های رایج

收集资料

整理资料

查阅资料

参考资料

学习资料

申请资料

原始资料

背景资料

绝密资料

电子资料

عبارات رایج

个人资料

— Personal information or profile on an app/website.

请完善你的个人资料。

复习资料

— Study materials used for reviewing before an exam.

老师发了复习资料。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

资料 vs 材料 (cáiliào)

Use 材料 for physical building materials or raw creative components. Use 资料 for information/data.

资料 vs 信息 (xìnxī)

Use 信息 for general news or messages. Use 资料 for a purposeful collection of documents.

资料 vs 数据 (shùjù)

Use 数据 for numerical/statistical data. Use 资料 for the broader collection of resources.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"浩如烟海"

— Vast as the sea; used to describe a huge amount of books or materials.

图书馆里的资料浩如烟海。

Literary

"去伪存真"

— To eliminate the false and retain the true when processing materials.

研究资料需要去伪存真。

Formal

"有据可查"

— To have evidence that can be checked in the materials.

这件事在资料中是有据可查的。

Formal

"旁征博引"

— To quote extensively from many sources/materials to support an argument.

他的文章旁征博引，非常有说服力。

Literary

"搜罗殆尽"

— To collect every single piece of material available.

他把相关的资料搜罗殆尽。

Formal

"真凭实据"

— Solid evidence based on real materials/facts.

说话要有真凭实据。

Neutral

"博古通今"

— To be conversant with both ancient and modern materials/knowledge.

他博古通今，知识渊博。

Literary

"断章取义"

— To take materials out of context to distort the meaning.

引用资料不能断章取义。

Formal

"言之有据"

— To speak with a basis in materials or facts.

他的报告言之有据。

Formal

"堆积如山"

— Piled up like a mountain; often used for unorganized materials.

桌上的资料堆积如山。

Informal

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

资料 vs 材料

Both can mean 'materials.'

材料 is more about the substance (physical or abstract), while 资料 is about the information/data content.

建筑材料 (building materials) vs. 学习资料 (study materials).

资料 vs 信息

Both translate to 'information.'

信息 is abstract and general; 资料 is concrete and purposeful (like a file or a book).

收到信息 (receive a message) vs. 查阅资料 (consult materials).

资料 vs 数据

Both can mean 'data.'

数据 is specifically quantitative or digital bits; 资料 includes text, context, and physical records.

实验数据 (experimental data) vs. 历史资料 (historical materials).

资料 vs 文献

Both refer to documents.

文献 is highly formal and academic, usually referring to published or historical records.

查阅文献 (consult literature) is more formal than 查资料.

资料 vs 资讯

Both mean 'information.'

资讯 is often used in media/tech contexts for 'news' or 'updates.'

最新资讯 (latest news/info) vs. 申请资料 (application materials).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

我有[Noun]资料。

我有学习资料。

他在[Place]找资料。

他在图书馆找资料。

为了[Goal]，我收集了资料。

为了写论文，我收集了资料。

请把资料[Action]。

请把资料发给我。

根据资料显示，[Fact]。

根据资料显示，天气会变冷。

这些资料对[Target]很有用。

这些资料对我的研究很有用。

由于资料[Status]，[Result]。

由于资料不全，申请被退回了。

在[Adjective]的资料中，[Action]。

在浩如烟海的资料中，他找到了证据。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

资料 (materials)

资料库 (database)

资料员 (records clerk)

史料 (historical materials)

مرتبط

材料 (material)

信息 (information)

数据 (data)

文献 (literature)

档案 (archive)

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Extremely high in academic, professional, and administrative domains.

اشتباهات رایج

使用资料建筑房子 (Using materials to build a house) → 使用材料建筑房子
资料 is for information/data; 材料 is for physical substance.
我收到了一个资料 (I received a material) → 我收到了一份资料
Use the measure word '份' for documents/sets of materials.
我要资料这个项目 (I want to 'material' this project) → 我要为这个项目收集资料
资料 is a noun, not a verb. You need a verb like '收集' or '整理'.
他的信息很全 (His 'materials' are complete) → 他的资料很全
If referring to a complete set of application documents, 资料 is more appropriate than 信息.
实验资料显示温度 (Experimental 'materials' show temperature) → 实验数据显示温度
For specific numerical values, '数据' (data) is more precise than '资料'.

نکات

Pair with '份'

When referring to a specific document or a set of papers, always use the measure word '份' (fèn). It makes you sound much more native than using '个'.

Academic Success

In a Chinese university, always ask for '复习资料' (review materials) before an exam. It's the standard way to get study guides from classmates or teachers.

Formal Verbs

Use '查阅' (cháyuè) instead of '看' (kàn) when talking about looking through materials for research. It adds a professional tone to your speech.

Online Profiles

When you see '个人资料' on a Chinese app, it's where you edit your bio, name, and profile picture. It's equivalent to 'Profile' or 'About Me'.

Not for Bricks

Never use 资料 for physical objects like construction materials. That's always '材料' (cáiliào). Think: 资料 is for the mind/office, 材料 is for the hands/factory.

Organizing

If you want to impress a Chinese boss, say '我会把这些资料整理好' (I will organize these materials well). It shows you are systematic and reliable.

Primary Sources

Use '原始资料' (yuánshǐ zīliào) to refer to primary sources. This is a high-level term that shows you understand academic rigor.

Confidentiality

If you see '机密资料' (jīmì zīliào), do not share it! This is the standard term for top-secret or confidential documents.

Compound Nouns

资料 is very flexible. You can put almost any noun before it to specify the type: 旅游资料, 客户资料, 技术资料. Use this to expand your vocabulary quickly.

News Cues

When you hear '根据资料显示' on the news, get ready for facts or statistics. It's a key phrase for understanding formal reports.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Zi' as 'Zillions' of facts and 'Liao' as 'Layout.' You need a 'Layout' for 'Zillions' of facts to make them useful 'Materials.'

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a large, organized filing cabinet. Each folder is a piece of '资料' that you need to complete a big puzzle.

شبکه واژگان

Library Research Folder Data PDF Archive Study Evidence

چالش

Try to find three things in your room that could be called '资料' (e.g., a textbook, a bank statement, a recipe) and say '这是我的资料' for each.

ریشه کلمه

The word is composed of two characters: 资 (zī) and 料 (liào). '资' historically relates to wealth, capital, or resources (it contains the 'shell' radical 贝, which represented money). '料' relates to measuring grain or materials (it contains the 'rice' radical 米). Together, they form the concept of 'measured resources' or 'materials for use.'

معنای اصلی: Originally, it referred to the necessary supplies or capital for a journey or a project.

Sino-Tibetan (Chinese).

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when handling '机密资料' (confidential materials) in a Chinese work environment, as data security laws are very strict.

In English, we often distinguish between 'data' (numbers) and 'materials' (papers). In Chinese, 资料 covers both comfortably, though '数据' is available for specific numerical data.

The 'Siku Quanshu' (Complete Library of the Four Treasuries) is the largest collection of 资料 in Chinese history. Modern Chinese researchers often refer to 'Big Data' as 大数据, but the files themselves are still 资料. The term '资料库' is the standard translation for 'Database' in computer science.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

School/University

复习资料 (review materials)
学习资料 (study materials)
查资料 (look up materials)
发资料 (hand out materials)

Office/Work

会议资料 (meeting materials)
客户资料 (customer info)
整理资料 (organize materials)
备份资料 (backup materials)

Government/Bureaucracy

申请资料 (application materials)
证明资料 (supporting docs)
所需资料 (required materials)
核实资料 (verify materials)

Digital/Internet

个人资料 (personal profile)
电子资料 (digital files)
资料下载 (material download)
资料库 (database)

Research/Academic

参考资料 (reference materials)
原始资料 (original sources)
文献资料 (literature/docs)
收集资料 (collect materials)

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你准备好明天的会议资料了吗？ (Have you prepared the materials for tomorrow's meeting?)"

"你在哪儿找的学习资料？ (Where did you find the study materials?)"

"我可以看一下你的个人资料吗？ (Can I take a look at your personal profile?)"

"我们需要收集更多关于这个项目的资料。 (We need to collect more materials about this project.)"

"这份资料的内容非常有用，谢谢分享。 (The content of this material is very useful, thanks for sharing.)"

موضوعات نگارش

今天我为了我的研究收集了哪些资料？ (What materials did I collect for my research today?)

整理资料的时候，我发现了什么有趣的事情？ (What interesting thing did I find while organizing materials?)

如果我丢失了所有的电子资料，我会怎么办？ (What would I do if I lost all my electronic materials?)

描述一份对你来说最重要的资料。 (Describe a piece of material that is most important to you.)

为什么在开始一个新项目之前收集资料很重要？ (Why is it important to collect materials before starting a new project?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, for physical materials like wood or bricks, you must use '材料' (cáiliào). '资料' is strictly for information, data, or documents.

It is generally treated as an uncountable mass noun. However, you can use the measure word '份' (fèn) to refer to a specific set of documents, or '个' (ge) in very casual speech.

信息 (xìnxī) is general information or a single piece of news. 资料 (zīliào) is a collection of information gathered for a specific purpose, like a study guide or a research file.

It is grammatically possible but sounds slightly unnatural. It is much better to say '一份资料' (a set of materials) or '一些资料' (some materials).

You say '个人资料' (gèrén zīliào). This is commonly found on social media profiles or application forms.

Yes, it is very common to refer to PDFs, Word docs, or database entries as '电子资料' (electronic materials).

No, 资料 is strictly a noun. You must use it with a verb like '收集' (collect), '整理' (organize), or '查阅' (consult).

It means 'incomplete materials.' This is a common phrase used by offices when you haven't submitted all the required paperwork.

史料 (shǐliào) is a specific type of 资料. It is an abbreviation for '历史资料' (historical materials).

A '资料库' (zīliàokù) is a database or an archive where information and materials are stored systematically.

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