B2 verb 2 دقیقه مطالعه

憎恨

To feel a very strong dislike for someone or something.

zenghen
Practice it

Explanation at your level:

You use hate when you do not like something at all. For example, 'I hate rain.' It is the opposite of 'I love.' Use it when you are very unhappy with something.

At this level, you can use hate to talk about your preferences. 'I hate waking up early' or 'She hates spicy food.' It is a strong way to say you dislike an activity or a thing.

You can use hate to express strong feelings about situations or behaviors. 'I hate it when people talk loudly on the phone.' It is common to use it with 'it' as a dummy object before a clause.

In B2, you learn to use hate in more nuanced ways, such as 'I hate to bother you, but...' This is a polite way to introduce a request. You also encounter 'hate speech' as a social concept.

At the advanced level, you might discuss the psychological or social implications of hate. You can use it in literary contexts to describe characters' motivations or deep-seated prejudices. It is often contrasted with 'abhor' or 'detest' for stylistic variety.

Mastery of hate involves understanding its role in rhetoric and history. You might analyze how 'hate' is used in political discourse or philosophical debates about human nature. It is a word that carries significant weight, and in C2 writing, you should choose between 'hate', 'loathe', or 'abominate' based on the exact intensity required.

واژه در 30 ثانیه

  • Hate is a strong verb for dislike.
  • It is a stative verb (no -ing).
  • It has a noun form: hatred.
  • Use it carefully in social settings.

When you hate something, you aren't just saying you don't like it; you are expressing a deep, powerful feeling of aversion. It is a strong, negative emotion that sits at the opposite end of the spectrum from love.

Think of it as a visceral reaction. When someone says they hate broccoli, they might just mean they find the taste unpleasant. However, when used in a more serious context, it describes a intense dislike that can be quite overwhelming. It's a word that carries a lot of energy, so use it carefully!

The word hate comes from the Old English word hatian, which meant to regard with hostility or to persecute. It shares roots with the Proto-Germanic haton. It is fascinating to see how this word has remained so central to human language for centuries.

Historically, it has always been used to describe a very strong, often violent, opposition. It hasn't changed its core meaning much over time, which shows just how universal this intense emotion is across human history. It is related to the German word hassen, showing its ancient Germanic roots.

In daily life, we often use hate in a casual way, such as 'I hate waiting in line.' This is a common hyperbole. In more formal or serious contexts, it describes genuine malice or deep-seated prejudice.

Common collocations include 'hate speech', 'hate crime', and 'deeply hate'. It is a very direct verb, so it doesn't need much 'fluff' around it to make its point clear.

1. Love-hate relationship: A situation where you both love and hate someone or something. 2. Hate to say it: Used when you are about to say something unpleasant. 3. Hate someone's guts: To hate someone intensely. 4. Hate to see: Expressing sadness about a situation. 5. Hate the sight of: To find someone or something extremely annoying or repulsive.

Hate is a regular verb. The past tense is hated, and the participle is hated. It is often followed by a gerund (e.g., 'I hate doing chores') or an infinitive ('I hate to leave').

Pronunciation is simple: /heɪt/. It rhymes with late, gate, fate, plate, and state. The stress is on the single syllable, making it a punchy, impactful word.

Fun Fact

It has been used in English since before the 12th century.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /heɪt/

Short, sharp vowel sound.

US /heɪt/

Similar to UK, clear 't' at the end.

Common Errors

  • Pronouncing the 'e' at the end
  • Confusing with 'heat'
  • Weak 't' sound

Rhymes With

late gate fate plate state

Difficulty Rating

خواندن 1/5

Very easy to read

Writing 1/5

Easy to write

Speaking 1/5

Easy to say

شنیدن 1/5

Easy to hear

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

like dislike feel

Learn Next

detest loathe abhor

پیشرفته

animosity antipathy

Grammar to Know

Stative Verbs

I hate (not I am hating)

Gerunds

I hate running

Infinitives

I hate to run

Examples by Level

1

I hate cold weather.

cold weather = winter

verb + noun

2

He hates milk.

milk = drink

third person singular -s

3

They hate the noise.

noise = loud sound

plural subject

4

I hate Mondays.

Monday = start of week

noun object

5

She hates spiders.

spiders = bugs

noun object

6

We hate waiting.

waiting = standing in line

verb + gerund

7

I hate this song.

song = music

demonstrative adjective

8

Do you hate it?

it = the thing

interrogative form

1

I hate waking up early.

2

She hates when it rains.

3

Do you hate broccoli?

4

I hate cleaning my room.

5

They hate losing the game.

6

He hates being late.

7

We hate the traffic.

8

I hate to be hungry.

1

I hate it when you interrupt me.

2

I hate to say it, but we are lost.

3

She hates the way he talks.

4

They hate being told what to do.

5

I hate to leave so soon.

6

He hates the idea of moving.

7

We hate the thought of failing.

8

I hate to admit I was wrong.

1

I hate to bother you, but could you help?

2

The group was accused of spreading hate.

3

I hate to break it to you, but the show is cancelled.

4

He has a deep-seated hate for injustice.

5

She hates the sight of blood.

6

I hate to be the bearer of bad news.

7

They have a love-hate relationship with the city.

8

I hate to think what might happen.

1

His rhetoric was filled with hate.

2

She detests the very idea, let alone hates it.

3

The film explores the thin line between love and hate.

4

I hate to sound cynical, but it won't work.

5

The community stood united against hate.

6

He was blinded by his own hate.

7

I hate to dwell on the past.

8

The policy was born out of pure hate.

1

The literature of the period is saturated with themes of existential hate.

2

Her abhorrence for the regime bordered on hate.

3

The visceral nature of his hate was palpable.

4

He sought to transmute his hate into something productive.

5

The discourse surrounding the event was fraught with hate.

6

She could not reconcile her love with her hate.

7

It is a profound hate that transcends mere dislike.

8

The philosopher analyzed the root causes of collective hate.

ترکیب‌های رایج

hate speech
hate crime
deeply hate
hate to see
hate the thought
pure hate
love-hate relationship
hate to admit
blinded by hate
hate to bother

Idioms & Expressions

"love-hate relationship"

mixed feelings

I have a love-hate relationship with my job.

neutral

"hate to say it"

reluctant to speak

I hate to say it, but we are late.

neutral

"hate someone's guts"

intense dislike

They hate each other's guts.

casual

"hate the sight of"

repulsed by

I hate the sight of spiders.

neutral

"hate to see"

sad to witness

I hate to see you so sad.

neutral

"hate to break it to you"

delivering bad news

I hate to break it to you, but the store is closed.

casual

Easily Confused

憎恨 vs Heat

Similar spelling

Heat is temperature, Hate is emotion

The heat is high; I hate the heat.

憎恨 vs Hate

Similar to 'hat'

Hate has a long 'a'

I hate my hat.

憎恨 vs Detest

Both mean dislike

Detest is more formal

I detest this work.

憎恨 vs Loathe

Both mean strong dislike

Loathe is more intense

I loathe his attitude.

Sentence Patterns

A1

I hate + gerund

I hate cleaning.

A2

I hate + to + infinitive

I hate to wait.

B1

I hate it when + clause

I hate it when it rains.

B2

I hate to + verb + you

I hate to bother you.

C1

Subject + is + blinded by + hate

He is blinded by hate.

خانواده کلمه

Nouns

hatred the state of hating

Verbs

hate to dislike strongly

Adjectives

hateful full of hate

مرتبط

detest synonym

How to Use It

frequency

9/10

Formality Scale

abhor (formal) hate (neutral) can't stand (casual) sucks (slang)

اشتباهات رایج

Using hate for minor dislikes → Use dislike
Hate is very strong.
Hate to + verb → Hate + gerund
Both are okay, but gerund is more common for habits.
Hate is a stative verb → I hate (not I am hating)
Stative verbs don't usually take -ing.
Confusing hate with hateful → Hate is a verb/noun, hateful is an adjective.
Different parts of speech.
Overusing hate in professional writing → Use 'disapprove' or 'object to'
Hate is too emotional for business.

Tips

💡

Rhyme Time

Remember: Hate, Late, Fate.

💡

Don't Overuse

Save 'hate' for things you really feel strongly about.

🌍

Be Kind

Avoid saying 'I hate [person]' as it is very aggressive.

💡

Stative Verb

No -ing form!

💡

Short 'a'

Make sure the 'a' sound is clear.

💡

Don't say 'I am hating'

Use 'I hate' instead.

💡

Old Roots

The word is over 1000 years old!

💡

Contextualize

Use it in a sentence about your day.

💡

Gerunds

Hate + -ing is very common.

💡

Final 't'

Don't drop the 't' sound.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Hate rhymes with Late; being late makes me hate!

Visual Association

A person with a red face and steam coming out of their ears.

Word Web

dislike anger hostility aversion

چالش

Write three sentences about things you dislike, but use 'hate' only for the strongest one.

ریشه کلمه

Old English

Original meaning: to regard with hostility

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful using 'hate' towards people, as it is a very strong, aggressive word.

Used frequently in casual conversation, but can be offensive if directed at people.

'I hate everything' (various songs) Hate speech laws in the UK/US

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Daily life

  • I hate traffic
  • I hate Mondays
  • I hate being late

Work

  • I hate to report
  • I hate to bother
  • I hate the delay

Social

  • I hate to leave
  • I hate to say it
  • I hate to interrupt

Academic

  • The study of hate
  • Hate speech analysis
  • Root of hate

Conversation Starters

"What is one thing you hate doing?"

"Do you think 'hate' is a word we use too much?"

"How do you handle things you hate?"

"Is it possible to hate something and love it at the same time?"

"What is the difference between dislike and hate?"

Journal Prompts

Write about a time you felt strong dislike for something.

Why do you think people feel hate?

Describe a situation where you had a love-hate relationship.

If you could eliminate one thing you hate, what would it be?

سوالات متداول

8 سوال

It is a strong word, so use it carefully.

Usually no, because it is a stative verb.

Hatred.

Use 'I don't really like...'

Rarely, unless discussing legal issues.

No, heat has a long 'ee' sound.

Yes, it is very common.

Yes, just add -d.

خودت رو بسنج

fill blank A1

I ___ broccoli.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: hate

Hate is used for strong dislike.

multiple choice A2

Which sentence is correct?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: I hate this.

Hate is a stative verb.

true false B1

Hate is a synonym for love.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: نادرست

They are opposites.

match pairs B1

Word

معنی

All matched!

Synonyms matching.

sentence order B2

کلمات زیر رو بزن تا جمله رو بسازی
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Common polite phrase.

امتیاز: /5

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