句動詞: Turn Down (音量と拒否)
volume と rejection の両方で使えますよ。
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
'Turn down' means to lower the volume/intensity of something or to politely refuse an offer or invitation.
- Use it for volume or heat: 'Turn down the radio' (max 20 words)
- Use it for rejection: 'She turned down the job offer' (max 20 words)
- It is separable: 'Turn it down' is correct, 'Turn down it' is wrong (max 20 words)
Overview
turn down(下げる)ように頼みます。あるいは、マッチングアプリをスクロールしているとしましょう。誰かがメッセージを送ってきました。いい人そうですが、8,000キロも離れた場所に住んでいます。コーヒーの誘いを turn down(断る)必要があります。この句動詞は、あなたの社会生活と鼓膜を守るためのサバイバルツールです。主な役割は2つあります:物静かにすること、そして何かに「ノー」と言うことです。これは、教科書っぽさを抑えて、より生身の人間らしく聞こえるフレーズの1つです。refuse という言葉だけを使っていると、ヴィクトリア朝の悪役のように聞こえるかもしれません。日常会話では turn down の方がずっとリラックスした響きになります。あなたの存在そのもののための音量つまみのようなものです。How This Grammar Works
turn のような単純な動詞に down のような短い言葉をくっつけるのが大好きです。これで「句動詞(phrasal verb)」が作られます。意味は完全に変わります。昔のラジオには、時計回りか反時計回りに物理的に回すつまみがありました。音をゼロに向かって「下」にするために、つまみを回しました。単純ですよね?今はタッチパネルを使っていますが、論理は同じです。でも待ってください、なぜ turn down が「申し出を断る」という意味にもなるのでしょうか?こう考えてみてください。何かを受け入れるとき、あなたはそれを「持ち上げる」か、取り込みます。拒絶するときは、それを「下」に置き、自分から遠ざけます。とても視覚的な表現方法です。この句動詞は「分離可能(separable)」です。これは、目的語を真ん中に置けるという凝った言い方です。turn down the music と言っても turn the music down と言っても完璧です。もし it のような代名詞を使う場合は、必ず真ん中に置かなければなりません:turn it down。turn down it と言うと、脳が404エラーを起こしたように聞こえます。Formation Pattern
turn down を使った文章を作るには、特定のパターンがあります。組み立て方は以下の通りです:
turn を加えます。時制に合わせて変えるのを忘れないでください(例:turned, turning, turns)。
down という言葉をどこに置くか決めます。
down + [名詞]
I turned down the job.
down
I turned the job down.
down
The music is loud. Turn it down.
turn down it と言おうとしないでください。猫でさえ、それが間違いだと気づくでしょう。
When To Use It
- 物理的なコントロール:Spotifyのプレイリストで窓がガタガタ鳴っているときや、Uberのヒーターで自分がローストチキンのように感じるとき。
- 社交的な誘い:友達にパーティーに誘われたけれど、ただNetflixを見たいとき。誘いを
turn down(断り)ます。 - 仕事上の状況:会社から、お金の代わりに「知名度」で支払われる仕事をオファーされたとき。間違いなくそのオファーを
turn down(断る)でしょう。
Common Mistakes
- 代名詞の罠:前述の通り、
turn down itやturn down himとは決して言わないでください。代名詞は内向的な人のようなもので、句動詞の真ん中に挟まれるのを好みます。 - 「Turn off」との混同:
turn downは「少なくする」という意味です。turn offは「ゼロ」という意味です。誰かにライトをturn downするように頼むと、ロマンチックな雰囲気のために暗くしてくれます。もしライトをturn offしたら、あなたは暗闇の中に座ることになり、椅子に足の指をぶつけることになるでしょう。 - 前置詞の混乱:時々
turn to downと言おうとする人がいます。toは不要です。単にturn+downです。 - 時制の忘れ:句動詞も通常の動詞のルールに従う必要があります。昨日起きたことなら
turned downです。今起きていることならturning it downです。downに気を取られて、基本的な文法を忘れないようにしましょう。
Contrast With Similar Patterns
turn down は他の表現とどう違うのでしょうか?
turn down vs. Refuse:Refuse は非常にフォーマルで強い言葉です。贈り物を refuse(拒否)すると、失礼に当たるかもしれません。贈り物を turn down すると、正当な理由があるように聞こえます。turn down vs. Reject:Reject は、クレジットカードの申請や科学実験などによく使われます。turn down は人間関係や社交的な誘いに使われます。好きな人に振られる(turns you down)のは悲しいですが、自販機にコインが戻される(rejects)のはイライラします。turn down vs. Lower:声は lower(低くする)できますが、音量は通常 turn down します。物理的な高さやレベルには lower を使います。turn down vs. Turn up:これらは反対語です。低音をもっと効かせたいなら turn it up。夜を生き延びたいなら turn it down。Quick FAQ
人に対して turn down を使えますか?
はい!誰かをデートに誘って「ノー」と言われたら、相手はあなたを turned you down(振った)ことになります。痛いですが、文法的には正しいです。
フォーマルなメールで使っても大丈夫ですか?
もちろんです。「申し出を断るためにメールしています(turn down the offer)」は、標準的でプロフェッショナルな断り方です。
turn down は常に2語ですか?
はい。非常に特殊な業界用語で、ホテルのベッドメイクサービスを指す turndown(1語)がありますが、私たちが学んでいる文法では、常に2語です。
エアコンを turn down できますか?
はい。これは通常、冷たさを弱める(パワーを下げる)か、温度設定を下げることを意味します。ただし、「温度を下げる」と実際には部屋がさらに冷たくなるので注意してください。通常、人々は「ファンの音を静かにする、または風を弱める」という意味で使います。
Conjugating 'Turn Down'
| Tense | Subject | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
I / You / We / They
|
turn down
|
I turn down the heat.
|
|
Present Simple
|
He / She / It
|
turns down
|
She turns down the music.
|
|
Past Simple
|
All subjects
|
turned down
|
They turned down the offer.
|
|
Present Participle
|
All subjects
|
turning down
|
He is turning down the TV.
|
|
Past Participle
|
All subjects
|
turned down
|
The offer was turned down.
|
Contractions with Pronouns
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
I will turn it down
|
I'll turn it down
|
Future promise
|
|
Do not turn it down
|
Don't turn it down
|
Imperative/Command
|
|
He did not turn it down
|
He didn't turn it down
|
Past negative
|
Meanings
To reduce the amount of sound, heat, or light produced by a device, or to reject an offer, request, or application.
Volume/Intensity
To decrease the level of something (sound, heat, light).
“It's getting too hot in here; can you turn the heater down?”
“The lights were too bright, so he turned them down.”
Rejection/Refusal
To decline or refuse an offer, invitation, or proposal.
“He turned down the job because the salary was too low.”
“I had to turn down her invitation to the party.”
Folding (Rare/Specific)
To fold back the covers of a bed or the corner of a page.
“The hotel maid turned down the sheets while we were at dinner.”
“Don't turn down the corners of the book pages; use a bookmark.”
Reference Table
| 意味 | 目的語の種類 | 構造1 | 構造2(該当する場合) | 例文 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
音量を下げる
|
名詞
|
Turn + Noun + Down
|
Turn Down + Noun
|
Turn the music down.
|
|
音量を下げる
|
代名詞
|
Turn + Pronoun + Down
|
N/A
|
Turn it down.
|
|
オファーを断る
|
名詞
|
Turn + Noun + Down
|
Turn Down + Noun
|
Turn the offer down.
|
|
オファーを断る
|
代名詞
|
Turn + Pronoun + Down
|
N/A
|
Turn it down.
|
|
招待を断る
|
名詞
|
Turn + Noun + Down
|
Turn Down + Noun
|
Turn the invitation down.
|
|
招待を断る
|
代名詞
|
Turn + Pronoun + Down
|
N/A
|
Turn it down.
|
|
人を断る
|
代名詞
|
Turn + Pronoun + Down
|
N/A
|
Turn him down.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
I regret to inform you that I must decline the offer. (Professional)
I decided to turn down the job offer. (Professional)
I passed on the job. (Professional)
I swiped left on that gig. (Professional)
Turn Down: 2つの主な意味
意味1: 減らす
- Volume 音量
- Heat/AC 温度調整
- Lights 明るさ
- Brightness 画面の明るさ
意味2: 拒否する
- Offer 仕事/取引の提案
- Invitation 社交的な誘い
- Request 公式な要求
- Person 誘いを断る
Turn Down vs. Turn Up vs. Turn Off
「Turn Down」の使い方: 名詞 vs. 代名詞
目的語は名詞ですか?(例:「the music」、「the offer」)
目的語は代名詞ですか?(例:「it」、「them」)
「Turn Down」できるもの
音量/強度
- • The music
- • The TV
- • The heating
- • The lights
- • The brightness
- • The AC
拒否
- • A job offer
- • An invitation
- • A request
- • A proposal
- • A person
- • An idea
レベル別の例文
Turn down the TV.
Baja el volumen de la tele.
Please turn it down.
Por favor, bájalo.
I turn down the radio.
Bajo la radio.
Can you turn down the music?
¿Puedes bajar la música?
I turned down the invitation.
Rechacé la invitación.
She didn't turn down the job.
Ella no rechazó el trabajo.
Turn the heater down, please.
Baja la calefacción, por favor.
Why did you turn it down?
¿Por qué lo rechazaste?
He had to turn down the offer because of the commute.
Tuvo que rechazar la oferta por el trayecto al trabajo.
If the music is too loud, just turn it down.
Si la música está muy alta, simplemente bájala.
The bank turned down my loan application.
El banco rechazó mi solicitud de préstamo.
I'm surprised she turned him down.
Me sorprende que ella lo rechazara.
The proposal was turned down by the board of directors.
La propuesta fue rechazada por la junta directiva.
I'm going to turn the volume down a notch.
Voy a bajar el volumen un poco.
They turned down our request for more time.
Rechazaron nuestra petición de más tiempo.
She turned down the chance to study abroad.
Ella rechazó la oportunidad de estudiar en el extranjero.
It is unwise to turn down such a lucrative opportunity.
No es prudente rechazar una oportunidad tan lucrativa.
The hotel provides a turn-down service every evening.
El hotel ofrece un servicio de cobertura todas las noches.
He turned down the intensity of his workout after the injury.
Redujo la intensidad de su entrenamiento tras la lesión.
The editor turned down the manuscript for being too derivative.
El editor rechazó el manuscrito por ser demasiado poco original.
The sheer volume of applications meant many had to be turned down.
El gran volumen de solicitudes significó que muchas tuvieron que ser rechazadas.
She flatly turned down any suggestion of a compromise.
Rechazó de plano cualquier sugerencia de compromiso.
The thermostat automatically turns down the heat at midnight.
El termostato baja automáticamente la calefacción a medianoche.
I couldn't possibly turn down a request from an old friend.
No podría rechazar una petición de un viejo amigo.
間違えやすい
Learners think 'turn down' means to stop the device entirely.
Learners use 'reject' for volume or in casual conversation where it sounds too harsh.
'Refuse' is often followed by an infinitive (to do), while 'turn down' is followed by a noun.
よくある間違い
Turn down it.
Turn it down.
Turn down the music off.
Turn down the music.
I turn down.
I turn it down.
Turn down the light off.
Turn down the light.
He turned down to the job.
He turned down the job.
I turned down her.
I turned her down.
Can you turn down the volume more quiet?
Can you turn down the volume?
The bank turned down to me.
The bank turned me down.
I turned down the offer because it was too loud.
I turned down the offer because the salary was low.
I'm turning down the radio off.
I'm turning the radio down.
The hotel turned down my bed sheets.
The hotel turned down the bed.
文型パターン
Could you please turn down the ___?
I had to turn down the ___ because ___.
If you don't turn that ___ down, I'm going to ___.
The ___ was turned down by ___.
Real World Usage
Hey, sorry I had to turn down your invite! I'm swamped.
Thank you for the offer, but I have decided to turn it down.
Could you turn the AC down? It's freezing in here.
I can't believe he turned down that collab!
My credit card application was turned down.
Can you turn your music down? I'm trying to sleep!
代名詞ルールを忘れずに
Turn it down「Turn Off」と混同しないで!
Turn off the TV
状況に応じて丁寧に
Can you please turn down the music?
オファーにおける暗黙の拒否
turn down an offer
Smart Tips
Think of the pronoun as a magnet that is attracted to the verb 'turn'. It must stick to it before 'down' can be added.
Use 'decided to' before 'turn down' to make the rejection sound like a thoughtful process rather than a snap judgment.
Use 'dim' as a synonym for 'turn down' to expand your vocabulary.
Listen for the stress. Usually, the singer will emphasize 'DOWN' to make the rhythm work.
発音
Stress on the Particle
In phrasal verbs like 'turn down', the stress usually falls on the particle ('down') rather than the verb, especially at the end of a sentence.
Linking
When 'turn' is followed by a pronoun starting with a vowel (like 'it'), the 'n' in 'turn' links to the 'i'.
Rising-Falling on 'Down'
Can you turn it ⤴down⤵?
A polite request.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of a thumb pointing DOWN: you are lowering the sound or saying 'No' (thumbs down) to an offer.
視覚的連想
Imagine a giant volume knob on a stereo. You turn it to the left (down) to make it quiet. Now imagine that same knob on a 'Job Offer'—you turn it down to say no.
Rhyme
When the music's a frown, turn it down. When the job's not for you, turn it down too!
Story
Little Timmy had a loud drum. His mom said, 'Turn it down!' Timmy was sad, so he offered his mom a cookie. His mom was on a diet, so she had to turn down the cookie. Timmy then turned down the covers on his bed and went to sleep.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Go to your kitchen or living room. Find three things with a volume or heat setting. Say out loud: 'I am turning down the [object].' Then, think of one thing you said 'no' to this week and say: 'I turned down the [thing].'
文化メモ
British speakers often use 'turn down' with 'a bit' to sound more polite and less demanding. 'Could you turn it down a bit?'
In the US, 'turn down' is very common in business. Turning down an offer is seen as a standard part of negotiation.
The 'turn-down service' is a specific luxury hotel tradition where staff prepare the bed for sleep.
The verb 'turn' comes from the Old French 'torner', meaning to rotate. 'Down' indicates the direction of the rotation on early mechanical dials.
会話のきっかけ
Have you ever turned down a job offer? Why?
What do you do when your neighbors' music is too loud?
If someone turned you down for a date, how would you feel?
Can you think of a time you turned down a great opportunity?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
The music is too loud, can you ___?
Find and fix the mistake:
She decided to turn down it, even though it was a good offer.
正しい文を選びましょう:
英語に翻訳しなさい: 'Eu tive que recusar a oferta de emprego.'
Answer starts with: ["I...
Score: /4
練習問題
8 exercisesThe music is too loud. Please ___ it ___.
Select the correct option:
Find and fix the mistake:
He turned down to the job offer.
She rejected the invitation.
1. Radio is loud, 2. Job offer is bad, 3. Room is cold
A: Did you get the job? B: Yes, but I ___.
'Turn down the volume' vs 'Turn down it'
down / turned / she / him
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe barista asked if I wanted to ___ the music in the cafe.
My boss asked me to turn down him politely.
正しい文を選びましょう:
英語に翻訳しなさい: 'Você pode abaixar o volume do jogo?'
これらの単語を並べ替えて文章を作りましょう:
始まりと正しい終わりを合わせましょう:
My phone battery was low, so I had to ___ the screen brightness.
They couldn't accept the invitation, so they turn it down.
正しい文を選びましょう:
英語に翻訳しなさい: 'É importante recusar as distrações para se concentrar.'
これらの単語を並べ替えて文章を作りましょう:
アクションと適切な目的語を合わせましょう:
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
No, you cannot. When the object is a pronoun like `it`, `them`, `him`, or `her`, it must go between `turn` and `down`. Always say `turn it down`.
Yes, it is a neutral and polite way to refuse something. However, adding 'I'm sorry' or 'I'm afraid' makes it even more polite in social situations.
`Turn down` means to lower the level (like volume 5 to volume 2). `Turn off` means to stop the device completely (volume 0).
Yes, but it means you are rejecting their romantic interest or their request/offer. It doesn't mean you are physically lowering them!
Absolutely. It is the standard way to describe declining a job offer, a contract proposal, or a business request.
Yes. You can `turn down the heater` or `turn down the oven` if it is too hot.
It is a luxury service where hotel staff enter your room in the evening to fold back the bed covers and prepare the room for sleep.
It is neutral. It is perfectly acceptable in both a casual conversation with a friend and a formal email to a recruiter.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Bajar / Rechazar
Spanish lacks the 'verb + particle' structure.
Baisser / Refuser
French verbs are not separable like English phrasal verbs.
Leiser machen / Ablehnen
The prefix goes to the very end of the sentence in German.
Sageru (下げ) / Kotowaru (断る)
Japanese relies on particles like 'o' and 'ni' rather than phrasal particles like 'down'.
خفض (khafada) / رفض (rafada)
Arabic verbs conjugate internally and do not use separate particles for these meanings.
Tiáo dī (调低) / Jùjué (拒绝)
Chinese uses resultative verb compounds rather than phrasal verbs.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
関連動画
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