فعل عبارتی: Turn Down (کاهش صدا و رد کردن)
turn down استفاده کن تا صدای «موسیقی» یا «گرما» رو کم کنی یا یه «پیشنهاد» رو با ادب رد کنی.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
'Turn down' means to lower the volume/intensity of something or to politely refuse an offer or invitation.
- Use it for volume or heat: 'Turn down the radio' (max 20 words)
- Use it for rejection: 'She turned down the job offer' (max 20 words)
- It is separable: 'Turn it down' is correct, 'Turn down it' is wrong (max 20 words)
مرور کلی
turn down (کم) کنه. یا شاید داری توی یه اپلیکیشن دوستیابی میچرخی.turn down (رد) کنی.refuse استفاده کنی، ممکنه شبیه یه شخصیت منفی توی فیلمهای قدیمی به نظر بیای. Turn down برای زندگی روزمره خیلی راحتتر و دوستانهتره. مثل یه دکمه ولوم برای کل زندگیته.این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
turn رو برداره و یه کلمه کوچیک مثل down رو بهش بچسبونه. اینجوری یه «فعل عبارتی» ساخته میشه. معنی کلاً عوض میشه.turn down به معنی رد کردن پیشنهاد هم هست؟ اینجوری بهش فکر کن: وقتی چیزی رو قبول میکنی، انگار اون رو «بالا میاری» یا پذیراش میشی.turn down the music یا turn the music down. هر دو عالیان.it استفاده میکنی، حتماً باید اون رو وسط بذاری: turn it down. گفتن turn down it جوریه که انگار مغزت ارور ۴۰۴ داده!
الگوی ساخت
turn down از یه مسیر مشخص میگذره. اینجوری ساخته میشه:
turn رو اضافه کن. یادت باشه برای زمانهای مختلف تغییرش بدی (مثلاً: turned, turning, turns).
down رو کجا بذاری.
down + [اسم].
I turned down the job.
down.
I turned the job down.
down.
The music is loud. Turn it down.
turn down it. حتی گربهات هم میفهمه که این غلطه!
کی استفاده کنیم
- کنترلهای فیزیکی: وقتی پلیلیست Spotifyت داره شیشهها رو میلرزونه، یا وقتی بخاری توی اسنپ (Uber) باعث شده حس کنی مثل یه مرغ سوخاری شدی!
- پیشنهادهای اجتماعی: وقتی یه دوست ازت میخواد بری مهمونی ولی تو فقط میخوای Netflix ببینی. تو دعوت رو
turn down(رد) میکنی. - موقعیتهای کاری: وقتی یه شرکت بهت یه شغل پیشنهاد میده که به جای پول، بهت «تجربه» میده! قطعاً اون پیشنهاد رو
turn down(رد) میکنی.
ببخشید، امشب باید ردت کنم (turn you down). خستهام. مودبانه ولی قاطع به نظر میرسه.میشه لطفاً اونها رو کم کنی (turn those down)؟ این خیلی بهتر از «سر و صدا نکن!» به نظر میرسه، هرچند شاید لذتش کمتر باشه!
اشتباهات رایج
- تله ضمیر: همونطور که قبلاً گفتیم، هیچوقت نگو
turn down itیاturn down him. ضمیرها مثل آدمهای درونگرا هستن؛ دوست دارن وسط فعل عبارتی چپونده بشن! - اشتباه گرفتن با
Turn off: عبارتturn downیعنی کمتر. عبارتturn offیعنی صفر. اگه از کسی بخوای چراغها روturn downکنه، اونها رو برای یه فضای رمانتیک کمنور میکنه. اگه چراغها روturn offکنه، الان توی تاریکی نشستی و احتمالاً انگشت شست پات میخوره به لبه صندلی. - اشتباه در حرف اضافه: گاهی اوقات مردم سعی میکنن بگن
turn to down. اصلاًtoنداریم. فقطturn+down. - فراموش کردن زمان فعل: فعلهای عبارتی هنوز هم باید از قوانین معمولی فعلها پیروی کنن. اگه دیروز اتفاق افتاده، میشه
turned down. اگه الان داره اتفاق میافته، داری کمش میکنی (turning it down). نذار کلمهdownحواست رو از پایههای گرامر پرت کنه.
مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه
عبارت turn down چه فرقی با بقیه عبارتها داره؟
turn down در مقابل Refuse: کلمه Refuse خیلی رسمی و تنده. اگه یه هدیه رو refuse (رد) کنی، ممکنه بیادبی به نظر بیاد. اگه یه هدیه رو turn down کنی، به نظر میرسه دلیل خوبی داری.turn down در مقابل Reject: کلمه Reject بیشتر برای چیزهایی مثل درخواست کارت اعتباری یا آزمایشهای علمی استفاده میشه. turn down برای آدمها و پیشنهادهای اجتماعیه. کراش آدم پیشنهاد رو رد میکنه (turns you down) (غمانگیز)؛ دستگاه سکهات رو رد میکنه (rejects) (رو اعصاب).turn down در مقابل Lower: میتونی صدات رو پایین بیاری (lower your voice)، اما معمولاً ولوم رو turn down میکنی. از lower برای ارتفاع فیزیکی یا سطح استفاده کن.turn down در مقابل Turn up: اینها برعکس هم هستن. اگه بیس بیشتری میخوای، turn it up. اگه میخوای تا صبح زنده بمونی، turn it down!سؤالات رایج
turn down استفاده کنم؟turned you down (رد) کرده. درد داره، ولی گرامرش درسته.turn down همیشه دو تا کلمه است؟turndown (یک کلمه) به خدمات هتل گفته میشه که تختت رو مرتب میکنن، اما برای گرامری که ما یاد میگیریم، همیشه دو کلمه است.turn down کنم؟Conjugating 'Turn Down'
| Tense | Subject | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
I / You / We / They
|
turn down
|
I turn down the heat.
|
|
Present Simple
|
He / She / It
|
turns down
|
She turns down the music.
|
|
Past Simple
|
All subjects
|
turned down
|
They turned down the offer.
|
|
Present Participle
|
All subjects
|
turning down
|
He is turning down the TV.
|
|
Past Participle
|
All subjects
|
turned down
|
The offer was turned down.
|
Contractions with Pronouns
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
I will turn it down
|
I'll turn it down
|
Future promise
|
|
Do not turn it down
|
Don't turn it down
|
Imperative/Command
|
|
He did not turn it down
|
He didn't turn it down
|
Past negative
|
Meanings
To reduce the amount of sound, heat, or light produced by a device, or to reject an offer, request, or application.
Volume/Intensity
To decrease the level of something (sound, heat, light).
“It's getting too hot in here; can you turn the heater down?”
“The lights were too bright, so he turned them down.”
Rejection/Refusal
To decline or refuse an offer, invitation, or proposal.
“He turned down the job because the salary was too low.”
“I had to turn down her invitation to the party.”
Folding (Rare/Specific)
To fold back the covers of a bed or the corner of a page.
“The hotel maid turned down the sheets while we were at dinner.”
“Don't turn down the corners of the book pages; use a bookmark.”
Reference Table
| موقعیت استفاده | اقدام | مثال جمله |
|---|---|---|
|
صدا / بلندی
|
کم کردن سطح
|
Please `turn down` the TV.
|
|
گرما / هوا
|
کم کردن شدت
|
Can you `turn the heat down`?
|
|
پیشنهاد کار
|
رد کردن / نه گفتن
|
He `turned down` the job.
|
|
دعوت
|
رد کردن / نه گفتن
|
She `turned down` my invite.
|
|
نور
|
کم نور کردن / کاهش
|
`Turn the lights down` for the movie.
|
|
درخواست اجتماعی
|
با ادب رد کردن
|
I had to `turn them down`.
|
طیف رسمیت
I regret to inform you that I must decline the offer. (Professional)
I decided to turn down the job offer. (Professional)
I passed on the job. (Professional)
I swiped left on that gig. (Professional)
The Two Worlds of 'Turn Down'
Physical Adjustment
- Volume Music, TV, Radio
- Heat Oven, Heater, AC
- Light Lamp, Dimmer
Social Refusal
- Job Offer Employment
- Invitation Party, Dinner
- Application Loan, University
Turn Down vs. Turn Off
Where does the object go?
Is the object a pronoun (it/them)?
Common Objects for 'Turn Down'
Devices
- • Radio
- • Television
- • Speaker
Opportunities
- • Promotion
- • Scholarship
- • Contract
مثالها بر اساس سطح
Turn down the TV.
Baja el volumen de la tele.
Please turn it down.
Por favor, bájalo.
I turn down the radio.
Bajo la radio.
Can you turn down the music?
¿Puedes bajar la música?
I turned down the invitation.
Rechacé la invitación.
She didn't turn down the job.
Ella no rechazó el trabajo.
Turn the heater down, please.
Baja la calefacción, por favor.
Why did you turn it down?
¿Por qué lo rechazaste?
He had to turn down the offer because of the commute.
Tuvo que rechazar la oferta por el trayecto al trabajo.
If the music is too loud, just turn it down.
Si la música está muy alta, simplemente bájala.
The bank turned down my loan application.
El banco rechazó mi solicitud de préstamo.
I'm surprised she turned him down.
Me sorprende que ella lo rechazara.
The proposal was turned down by the board of directors.
La propuesta fue rechazada por la junta directiva.
I'm going to turn the volume down a notch.
Voy a bajar el volumen un poco.
They turned down our request for more time.
Rechazaron nuestra petición de más tiempo.
She turned down the chance to study abroad.
Ella rechazó la oportunidad de estudiar en el extranjero.
It is unwise to turn down such a lucrative opportunity.
No es prudente rechazar una oportunidad tan lucrativa.
The hotel provides a turn-down service every evening.
El hotel ofrece un servicio de cobertura todas las noches.
He turned down the intensity of his workout after the injury.
Redujo la intensidad de su entrenamiento tras la lesión.
The editor turned down the manuscript for being too derivative.
El editor rechazó el manuscrito por ser demasiado poco original.
The sheer volume of applications meant many had to be turned down.
El gran volumen de solicitudes significó que muchas tuvieron que ser rechazadas.
She flatly turned down any suggestion of a compromise.
Rechazó de plano cualquier sugerencia de compromiso.
The thermostat automatically turns down the heat at midnight.
El termostato baja automáticamente la calefacción a medianoche.
I couldn't possibly turn down a request from an old friend.
No podría rechazar una petición de un viejo amigo.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners think 'turn down' means to stop the device entirely.
Learners use 'reject' for volume or in casual conversation where it sounds too harsh.
'Refuse' is often followed by an infinitive (to do), while 'turn down' is followed by a noun.
اشتباهات رایج
Turn down it.
Turn it down.
Turn down the music off.
Turn down the music.
I turn down.
I turn it down.
Turn down the light off.
Turn down the light.
He turned down to the job.
He turned down the job.
I turned down her.
I turned her down.
Can you turn down the volume more quiet?
Can you turn down the volume?
The bank turned down to me.
The bank turned me down.
I turned down the offer because it was too loud.
I turned down the offer because the salary was low.
I'm turning down the radio off.
I'm turning the radio down.
The hotel turned down my bed sheets.
The hotel turned down the bed.
الگوهای جملهسازی
Could you please turn down the ___?
I had to turn down the ___ because ___.
If you don't turn that ___ down, I'm going to ___.
The ___ was turned down by ___.
Real World Usage
Hey, sorry I had to turn down your invite! I'm swamped.
Thank you for the offer, but I have decided to turn it down.
Could you turn the AC down? It's freezing in here.
I can't believe he turned down that collab!
My credit card application was turned down.
Can you turn your music down? I'm trying to sleep!
قانون "It"
Turn it down. هیچ وقت نگو Turn down it. ضمیر it مثل مغز کیکه، میاد وسط! Turn it down.با "Turn off" قاطی نکن!
Turn down یعنی یه چیزی رو کمتر کنی. Turn off یعنی کامل خاموشش کنی. حواست باشه تو تاریکی نمونی! Turn off the lights.
مؤدب باش!
No گاهی بی ادبانه است. گفتن "I'm sorry, I have to turn that down« خیلی با ادبانه تره. »I'm sorry, I have to turn that down".Smart Tips
Think of the pronoun as a magnet that is attracted to the verb 'turn'. It must stick to it before 'down' can be added.
Use 'decided to' before 'turn down' to make the rejection sound like a thoughtful process rather than a snap judgment.
Use 'dim' as a synonym for 'turn down' to expand your vocabulary.
Listen for the stress. Usually, the singer will emphasize 'DOWN' to make the rhythm work.
تلفظ
Stress on the Particle
In phrasal verbs like 'turn down', the stress usually falls on the particle ('down') rather than the verb, especially at the end of a sentence.
Linking
When 'turn' is followed by a pronoun starting with a vowel (like 'it'), the 'n' in 'turn' links to the 'i'.
Rising-Falling on 'Down'
Can you turn it ⤴down⤵?
A polite request.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of a thumb pointing DOWN: you are lowering the sound or saying 'No' (thumbs down) to an offer.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a giant volume knob on a stereo. You turn it to the left (down) to make it quiet. Now imagine that same knob on a 'Job Offer'—you turn it down to say no.
Rhyme
When the music's a frown, turn it down. When the job's not for you, turn it down too!
Story
Little Timmy had a loud drum. His mom said, 'Turn it down!' Timmy was sad, so he offered his mom a cookie. His mom was on a diet, so she had to turn down the cookie. Timmy then turned down the covers on his bed and went to sleep.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Go to your kitchen or living room. Find three things with a volume or heat setting. Say out loud: 'I am turning down the [object].' Then, think of one thing you said 'no' to this week and say: 'I turned down the [thing].'
نکات فرهنگی
British speakers often use 'turn down' with 'a bit' to sound more polite and less demanding. 'Could you turn it down a bit?'
In the US, 'turn down' is very common in business. Turning down an offer is seen as a standard part of negotiation.
The 'turn-down service' is a specific luxury hotel tradition where staff prepare the bed for sleep.
The verb 'turn' comes from the Old French 'torner', meaning to rotate. 'Down' indicates the direction of the rotation on early mechanical dials.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
Have you ever turned down a job offer? Why?
What do you do when your neighbors' music is too loud?
If someone turned you down for a date, how would you feel?
Can you think of a time you turned down a great opportunity?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
The radio is too loud. Please ___.
it استفاده میکنی، باید بین turn و down بیاد.Choose the best sentence:
Turn down فعل عبارتی استانداردی برای رد کردن یه پیشنهاد هست.Find and fix the mistake:
He turned down her for the dance.
turned her down.Score: /3
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesThe music is too loud. Please ___ it ___.
Select the correct option:
Find and fix the mistake:
He turned down to the job offer.
She rejected the invitation.
1. Radio is loud, 2. Job offer is bad, 3. Room is cold
A: Did you get the job? B: Yes, but I ___.
'Turn down the volume' vs 'Turn down it'
down / turned / she / him
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesI had to ___ the invitation because I was busy.
down / the / music / turn / please
Translate the sentence:
Match the following:
I can't hear the movie, please don't turn down it.
Select the correct option:
If you are too hot, you can ___ the thermostat.
Choose the best translation:
turned / down / she / him
Friend: 'Hey, want to join my livestream?' You: 'Sorry, I have to ___.'
Score: /10
سوالات متداول (8)
No, you cannot. When the object is a pronoun like `it`, `them`, `him`, or `her`, it must go between `turn` and `down`. Always say `turn it down`.
Yes, it is a neutral and polite way to refuse something. However, adding 'I'm sorry' or 'I'm afraid' makes it even more polite in social situations.
`Turn down` means to lower the level (like volume 5 to volume 2). `Turn off` means to stop the device completely (volume 0).
Yes, but it means you are rejecting their romantic interest or their request/offer. It doesn't mean you are physically lowering them!
Absolutely. It is the standard way to describe declining a job offer, a contract proposal, or a business request.
Yes. You can `turn down the heater` or `turn down the oven` if it is too hot.
It is a luxury service where hotel staff enter your room in the evening to fold back the bed covers and prepare the room for sleep.
It is neutral. It is perfectly acceptable in both a casual conversation with a friend and a formal email to a recruiter.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Bajar / Rechazar
Spanish lacks the 'verb + particle' structure.
Baisser / Refuser
French verbs are not separable like English phrasal verbs.
Leiser machen / Ablehnen
The prefix goes to the very end of the sentence in German.
Sageru (下げ) / Kotowaru (断る)
Japanese relies on particles like 'o' and 'ni' rather than phrasal particles like 'down'.
خفض (khafada) / رفض (rafada)
Arabic verbs conjugate internally and do not use separate particles for these meanings.
Tiáo dī (调低) / Jùjué (拒绝)
Chinese uses resultative verb compounds rather than phrasal verbs.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
ویدیوهای مرتبط
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