فعل عبارتی: Run (Into, Out of, Away)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Phrasal verbs with 'run' change the verb's meaning from physical movement to social encounters, supply management, or escaping situations.
- Use 'run into' for unexpected meetings or physical collisions: 'I ran into Tom.'
- Use 'run out of' when a supply is finished: 'We ran out of milk.'
- Use 'run away' to describe escaping or avoiding something: 'The cat ran away.'
مرور کلی
Phrasal Verbs یکی از بزرگترین چالشها و در عین حال، مهمترین گامها برای رسیدن به سطح تسلط (Fluency) است. در فارسی، ما برای بیان مفاهیم، معمولاً از ترکیب یک فعل ساده با یک متمم یا قید استفاده میکنیم، اما در انگلیسی، ساختار verb + preposition/adverb یک واحد معنایی جدید میسازد که اغلب با معنای اصلی فعل تفاوت بنیادی دارد. برای شما که فارسیزبان هستید، این موضوع میتواند گیجکننده باشد چون در فارسی ما «فعل مرکب» داریم (مثل «به هم خوردن» یا «تمام شدن»)، اما منطق ساختاری آنها با فعلهای عبارتی انگلیسی متفاوت است.run تمرکز دارد: run into، run out of و run away. در فارسی، ما برای «بهطور اتفاقی دیدن کسی» از «برخوردن به» یا «دیدن اتفاقی» استفاده میکنیم. برای «تمام شدن چیزی»، از «تمام شدن» یا «ته کشیدن» استفاده میکنیم.run (دویدن) در ترکیب با این حروف اضافه، معنای «حرکت فیزیکی» خود را از دست میدهد و به مفاهیم انتزاعی تبدیل میشود. درک این تفاوت، کلید حرفهایتر صحبت کردن شماست.run یعنی دویدن، اما وقتی into به آن اضافه میشود، دیگر ربطی به دویدن ندارد. در دستور زبان فارسی، ما ساختار «فعل + حرف اضافه» داریم که معمولاً معنای ترکیب تغییر نمیکند (مثلاً «دویدن در پارک»)، اما در انگلیسی، این ترکیبها idiomatic (اصطلاحی) هستند.run out of دقیقاً همین مفهوم را میرساند. نکته مهم این است که در فارسی، فاعل اغلب میتواند حذف شود (چون شناسه فعل وجود دارد)، اما در انگلیسی، شما حتماً باید فاعل را بیاورید.into یا out of) در واقع نقش «تغییردهنده معنا» را دارند، در حالی که در فارسی، این نقش را اغلب پسوندها یا حروف اضافه جداگانه ایفا میکنند. به عنوان مثال، run into به معنای مواجهه ناگهانی یا برخورد است. این ساختار در انگلیسی بسیار رایجتر از فارسی است و به زبان انگلیسی حالتی پویا و غیررسمی میدهد که در محیطهای کاری یا گفتوگوهای دوستانه مثل کافهها بسیار کاربرد دارد.run into | run + into + object | I ran into Ali. | علی را اتفاقی دیدم. |run out of | run + out of + object | We ran out of milk. | شیرمان تمام شد. |run away | run + away (+ from) | He ran away. | او فرار کرد. |inseparable هستند، یعنی نمیتوانید بین run و into کلمه دیگری قرار دهید. مثلاً گفتن I ran my friend into کاملاً غلط است.- 1
run into: وقتی در خیابان یا دانشگاه به طور غیرمنتظره دوستی را میبینید:I ran into my professor at the café.(استاد را اتفاقی در کافه دیدم). همچنین برای مشکلات:We ran into a problem with the project.(به یک مشکل در پروژه برخوردیم).
- 1
run out of: وقتی چیزی در خانه یا محیط کار تمام میشود. مثلاً وقتی در حال آماده کردن چای برای مهمان هستید و قند تمام میشود:We ran out of sugar.(قندمان تمام شد).
- 1
run away: برای فرار از موقعیتهای سخت یا فیزیکی. مثلاً:Don't run away from your responsibilities.(از مسئولیتهایت فرار نکن).
- 1تداخل زبان مادری (ترجمه تحتاللفظی): فارسیزبانان گاهی سعی میکنند
runرا به معنای دویدن ترجمه کنند. مثلاً میگویندI ran into the wallکه اگر منظورشان تصادف باشد درست است، اما اگر منظورشان «به مشکل برخوردن» باشد، نباید فکر کنند که حتماً باید بدوند! این یک استعاره است.
- 1جدا کردن فعل: چون در فارسی فعلها گاهی با فاصله میآیند، دانشآموزان ایرانی تمایل دارند بین
runوout ofکلمه بگذارند. مثلاًI ran the milk out ofکه کاملاً اشتباه است. همیشه بایدrun out ofرا به عنوان یک واحد کامل ببینید.
- 1فراموش کردن حرف اضافه: گاهی دانشآموزان میگویند
I ran out milkکه غلط است. باید حتماًofرا اضافه کنید. این به دلیل این است که در فارسی برای «تمام شدن»، حرف اضافهای نداریم که به فعل بچسبد.
run into | به کسی برخوردن / اتفاقی دیدن |run out of | تمام شدن / ته کشیدن |run away | فرار کردن |- 1آیا میتوانم
run out ofرا در امتحان آیلتس استفاده کنم؟ بله، اما در نوشتار رسمی (Academic Writing) بهتر است ازdepletedیاexhaustedاستفاده کنید.
- 1چرا
run awayگاهیfromمیگیرد؟ وقتی میخواهید مشخص کنید از چه چیزی فرار میکنید (مثلاً از ترس یا مسئولیت)، باید ازfromاستفاده کنید.
- 1آیا این فعلها در زمان گذشته تغییر میکنند؟ بله، فقط
runتغییر میکند. مثلاً:I ran out of money(پولم تمام شد).
Conjugating 'Run' in Phrasal Verbs
| Tense | Subject | Verb Form | Particle | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
I / You / We / They
|
run
|
into
|
I run into him often.
|
|
Present Simple
|
He / She / It
|
runs
|
out of
|
She runs out of milk weekly.
|
|
Past Simple
|
All subjects
|
ran
|
away
|
They ran away yesterday.
|
|
Present Continuous
|
I
|
am running
|
out of
|
I am running out of time.
|
|
Present Perfect
|
He / She
|
has run
|
into
|
He has run into a problem.
|
|
Future
|
All subjects
|
will run
|
away
|
The cat will run away.
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
I have run out of
|
I've run out of
|
Informal/Neutral
|
|
He has run into
|
He's run into
|
Informal/Neutral
|
|
We are running out of
|
We're running out of
|
Informal/Neutral
|
Meanings
A set of idiomatic expressions where the verb 'run' combines with prepositions to create specific meanings related to chance, exhaustion of resources, or flight.
Run into (Social)
To meet someone unexpectedly or by chance.
“You'll never guess who I ran into at the airport!”
“I hope I don't run into my ex-boyfriend tonight.”
Run into (Physical)
To physically collide with something or someone.
“The bus ran into a lamp post during the storm.”
“I was looking at my phone and ran into a door.”
Run out of
To finish a supply of something so that none is left.
“We have run out of coffee; can you buy some?”
“The car ran out of gas in the middle of nowhere.”
Run away
To leave a place or person secretly and suddenly, often to escape.
“He ran away from home when he was eighteen.”
“The dog ran away because the gate was left open.”
Reference Table
| فعل ترکیبی | معنی اصلی | توی چه موقعیتی؟ |
|---|---|---|
|
Run into
|
Meet by surprise
|
دیدن یه دوست تو کافه
|
|
Run out of
|
Have nothing left
|
تموم شدن باتری یا شیر
|
|
Run away
|
Escape a place
|
گربه ترسیده از سگ
|
|
Run after
|
Chase something
|
دنبال اتوبوس یا توپ دویدن
|
|
Run over
|
Hit with a vehicle
|
تصادف تو جاده
|
|
Run through
|
Quickly review
|
چک کردن یه لیست یا برنامه
|
طیف رسمیت
I encountered an old colleague unexpectedly. (Social encounter)
I ran into an old friend. (Social encounter)
Guess who I bumped into! (Social encounter)
I tripped over my old mate at the shops. (Social encounter)
The Meanings of Run
Social
- Run into Meet by chance
Resources
- Run out of Finish supply
Escape
- Run away Leave secretly
Into vs. Out Of
Which 'Run' should I use?
Is it about a supply?
Is it about meeting someone?
Common Objects for 'Run Out Of'
Food/Drink
- • Milk
- • Bread
- • Coffee
- • Sugar
Abstract
- • Time
- • Patience
- • Ideas
- • Luck
Resources
- • Money
- • Gas/Petrol
- • Battery
- • Paper
مثالها بر اساس سطح
The boy runs away.
The boy runs away.
Do not run into the street.
Do not run into the street.
I run every day.
I run every day.
The dog runs away from the cat.
The dog runs away from the cat.
We ran out of bread.
We ran out of bread.
He ran into a tree on his bike.
He ran into a tree on his bike.
She is running away from the big dog.
She is running away from the big dog.
I ran into my teacher at the shop.
I ran into my teacher at the shop.
I ran into an old classmate at the wedding.
I ran into an old classmate at the wedding.
We've run out of time to finish the test.
We've run out of time to finish the test.
Why did the suspect run away from the police?
Why did the suspect run away from the police?
I'm running out of ideas for the party.
I'm running out of ideas for the party.
The project ran into several technical difficulties.
The project ran into several technical difficulties.
If we don't hurry, we'll run out of daylight.
If we don't hurry, we'll run out of daylight.
He's always running away from his responsibilities.
He's always running away from his responsibilities.
I ran into some trouble with my visa application.
I ran into some trouble with my visa application.
The company ran into a wall of opposition from the public.
The company ran into a wall of opposition from the public.
Our resources are running dangerously low; we might run out of options soon.
Our resources are running dangerously low; we might run out of options soon.
The imagination of the author really ran away with the plot in the final chapter.
The imagination of the author really ran away with the plot in the final chapter.
I ran into him quite by chance in the most unlikely of places.
I ran into him quite by chance in the most unlikely of places.
The legal team ran into a jurisdictional nightmare that stalled the case for years.
The legal team ran into a jurisdictional nightmare that stalled the case for years.
To suggest we have run out of steam would be a gross understatement of our current fatigue.
To suggest we have run out of steam would be a gross understatement of our current fatigue.
The horse ran away with the race, leaving the other competitors in the dust.
The horse ran away with the race, leaving the other competitors in the dust.
One cannot simply run away from the historical implications of such a decision.
One cannot simply run away from the historical implications of such a decision.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners use 'run into' for planned meetings.
Learners say 'I ran out of my dinner'.
They both mean leaving, but 'run off' is often more sudden or with someone else.
اشتباهات رایج
I runned away.
I ran away.
I run into he.
I ran into him.
The dog run away.
The dog ran away.
I run in the room.
I ran into the room.
We ran out milk.
We ran out of milk.
I ran into to my friend.
I ran into my friend.
He ran away the house.
He ran away from the house.
I ran Sarah into.
I ran into Sarah.
I ran out of my homework.
I finished my homework.
I ran into a meeting at 5.
I have a meeting at 5.
The idea ran away from me.
The idea ran away with me.
الگوهای جملهسازی
I was ___ when I ran into ___.
We have run out of ___, so we need to ___.
Don't run away from ___!
The ___ ran into the ___.
Real World Usage
Hey! Just ran into your brother at the gym.
We've run out of printer toner again.
I ran out of local currency at the airport.
Running away from my responsibilities like... [meme]
The suspect ran away toward the park.
I'm afraid I'll run into my ex at this party.
تله 'Of'
I ran out of sugar.
شارژ باتری
running out of batteryبه جای
my battery is low.
My phone is running out of battery!
دیدارهای یهویی
Oh, I ran into you here!
Smart Tips
Use 'ran out of time' or 'ran into traffic' to give a natural-sounding excuse.
Check if there is a noun after it. If yes, you MUST add 'of'.
Don't just say 'I saw him'. Use 'I ran into him' to emphasize the surprise.
Use 'run into a wall' or 'run into trouble' to describe obstacles vividly.
تلفظ
Linking 'Run' and 'Into'
The 'n' in 'run' links to the 'i' in 'into', sounding like 'ru-ninto'.
Stress on Particles
In phrasal verbs, the stress often falls on the particle (into, out, away) rather than the verb.
Surprise Intonation
I ran into SARAH! ↗
Expresses shock or excitement about the meeting.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Into is for Impact (meeting or hitting); Out Of is for Empty; Away is for Escape.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a car hitting a wall (Run Into), a gas gauge pointing to 'E' (Run Out Of), and a prisoner jumping a fence (Run Away).
Rhyme
Ran into a friend, ran out of cash, ran away from the scene in a dash.
Story
I was driving when I ran into a friend. We went for coffee but the shop had run out of beans. I was so embarrassed I wanted to run away!
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Write three sentences about your day yesterday using 'ran into', 'ran out of', and 'ran away'.
نکات فرهنگی
In the UK, 'run out of' is often used with 'petrol' instead of 'gas'. Also, 'run away' is common in folklore (e.g., The Gingerbread Man).
Americans frequently use 'run into' for both people and physical objects. 'Run away' is often used in the context of 'runaway successes' in business.
Australians might use 'run into' but also 'bump into' very frequently in casual speech.
The verb 'run' comes from Old English 'rinnan'. Phrasal verb constructions became dominant in Middle English as the language shifted away from prefixes to particles.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
Who was the last person you ran into unexpectedly?
Have you ever run out of something important while cooking?
If you could run away to any country for a week, where would you go?
What do you do when you run out of patience?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
I ____ into my teacher at the cinema yesterday.
Choose the grammatically correct sentence:
Find and fix the mistake:
The boy runned away from the bee.
Score: /3
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesI'm sorry I'm late; I ran ___ of gas on the way here.
Yesterday, I ___ into my old boss at the supermarket.
Find and fix the mistake:
We ran Sarah into at the park.
1. Run into, 2. Run out of, 3. Run away
out / of / we / have / coffee / run
You can say 'I ran him into' if you met him by surprise.
A: Why are you so stressed? B: I'm ___ of time to finish this report!
Sort: [Milk, A friend, Time, A car]
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesCan you go to the store? We have run ____ of eggs.
Me encontré con mi amigo por casualidad.
battery / out / phone / is / of / running / My
The police officer is ____ the thief.
Match the phrasal verb to its definition:
I ran into of my cousin at the park.
If you don't charge it, your laptop will ____ out of power.
Which is best for a surprise meeting?
Se nos acabó el tiempo.
you / Did / run / into / him / ?
Score: /10
سوالات متداول (8)
No, `run out of` is only for supplies or resources. If you mean you don't want to see them anymore, you might say `I've run out of patience with my friend`.
They mean the same thing! `Bump into` is slightly more informal, but both describe meeting someone by surprise.
No, `runned` is not a word in English. The past tense is always `ran`.
Yes, you can `run away from your feelings`, which means you are trying to avoid dealing with them.
Only if you mention the thing you are escaping. `He ran away` (No object) vs `He ran away from the dog` (With object).
Yes! This is a very common way to say you encountered a difficulty or obstacle.
Yes, it is neutral. However, in very formal reports, you might use `exhausted our supply` or `depleted our resources`.
It means to get very excited about an idea and perhaps take it too far or lose control of it.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Encontrarse con / Quedarse sin
Spanish uses completely different verbs rather than particles.
Tomber sur / Manquer de
French uses idiomatic verbs like 'tomber' (fall) instead of 'run'.
Zufällig treffen / Ausgehen
German uses separable prefixes which are similar in logic to English particles.
Deau / Nakunaru
Japanese uses specific verbs that don't involve the concept of 'running'.
Nafada / Iltaqa bi-sudfa
Arabic uses formal verb roots rather than a verb+preposition combination.
Pèng dào / Yòng wán
Chinese uses resultative verb compounds (verb + result) which is a similar logic to phrasal verbs.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
ویدیوهای مرتبط
Related Grammar Rules
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