Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Phrasal verbs with 'run' change the verb's meaning from physical movement to social encounters, supply management, or escaping situations.
- Use 'run into' for unexpected meetings or physical collisions: 'I ran into Tom.'
- Use 'run out of' when a supply is finished: 'We ran out of milk.'
- Use 'run away' to describe escaping or avoiding something: 'The cat ran away.'
Overview
phrasal verbs（句動詞）の習得は避けて通れない壁であり、同時に表現力を飛躍的に高める鍵でもあります。特にrunのような基本的な動詞にinto、out of、awayといった前置詞や副詞が組み合わさると、元の「走る」という意味から大きく離れ、全く別の概念を表すようになります。日本語には「句動詞」という概念は存在しません。日本語では「出会う」「不足する」「逃げる」といった個別の動詞を使いますが、英語ではこれらをrunという核となる語を使って表現します。日本人の学習者が最も苦労するのは、この「動詞＋前置詞」が作る新しい意味の塊を、一つの動詞として認識できない点にあります。例えば、「偶然会う」をmeet by chanceとしか言えないと、ネイティブの自然な会話スピードについていけません。run intoを一つの単語のように捉える感覚を養うことが、B1レベルから一段上のレベルへ進むための第一歩です。この記事では、runを用いた主要な句動詞を徹底的に解説します。run intoのintoは「中へ」という物理的な意味から転じて、「偶然の衝突」や「遭遇」を表します。run out ofのout ofは「外へ」という動きから「枯渇・不足」を意味します。日本語では「牛乳がなくなった」と自動詞的に表現しますが、英語ではWe have run out of milkのように、run out ofという一つの塊が「～を使い果たす」という他動詞的な役割を果たします。これは、日本語の「述語」が単独で意味を完結させるのに対し、英語では「動詞＋粒子」がセットで一つの述語として機能していることを意味します。この感覚を掴むために、runを「走る」という動作そのものとして訳すのは一度やめましょう。runは単なる「勢いのある状態」を示し、後ろの粒子がその状態の「着地点」を教えてくれる、と考えてみてください。run into | 偶然会う・衝突する | run + into + [obj] | 必要 | 不可 |run out of | ～がなくなる | run + out of + [obj] | 必要 | 不可 |run away | 逃げる | run + away | 不要 (fromで追加可) | 不可 |run into:I ran into my teacher.（先生に偶然会った。）run out of:I ran out of gas.（ガス欠になった。）run away:The dog ran away.（犬が逃げた。）
We have run out of bagsと言えば非常に自然です。また、就活の面接で「困難に直面した経験」を話す際、I ran into a problem during the projectと言うと、ただfaced a problemと言うよりも「予期せぬ障害にぶつかった」というニュアンスが強く伝わります。run awayは、単に逃げるだけでなく、run away from responsibility（責任から逃げる）のように、抽象的な義務や感情から回避する際にも使われます。これらの表現を使うことで、単調な動詞の繰り返しを避け、状況の「予期せぬ性質」や「切迫感」をより鮮明に描き出すことができます。- 1目的語の位置の間違い: 日本語の語順（目的語→述語）に引きずられ、
I ran my friend intoと言ってしまうミスです。run intoは inseparable（分離不可）な動詞なので、必ずrun into + 目的語の順序を守る必要があります。 - 2
run out ofの粒子欠落:I ran out milkとofを忘れるミスが多発します。日本語には前置詞がないため、run outで一つの動詞と勘違いしやすいのが原因です。out ofで一つの単位であることを意識しましょう。 - 3直訳の弊害:
run intoを「中へ走る」と物理的に解釈し、I ran into the room（部屋に駆け込んだ）と混同することです。intoが「偶然の遭遇」を意味する場合、物理的な移動とは全く別の意味になることを理解する必要があります。
run into | 偶然会う | 予想外の出会い・衝突 |meet | 会う | 計画的な面会も含む |run out of | 不足する | 供給がゼロになった |lack | 不足している | 状態として足りない |run intoはmeetと違い、「偶然性」が非常に高いです。meetはWe met at the cafeのように約束して会う場合にも使えますが、run intoは約束していない時にしか使いません。run intoは物理的な衝突にも使えますか？I ran into a wallと言えば、物理的に壁にぶつかったことを意味します。文脈で判断しましょう。run out ofは過去形にできますか？ran out ofとrunを過去形にするだけで使えます。I ran out of money（お金がなくなった）は非常によく使うフレーズです。run awayの後に目的語を置くことはできますか？fromを挟んでrun away from the truth（真実から逃げる）のように使います。Conjugating 'Run' in Phrasal Verbs
| Tense | Subject | Verb Form | Particle | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
I / You / We / They
|
run
|
into
|
I run into him often.
|
|
Present Simple
|
He / She / It
|
runs
|
out of
|
She runs out of milk weekly.
|
|
Past Simple
|
All subjects
|
ran
|
away
|
They ran away yesterday.
|
|
Present Continuous
|
I
|
am running
|
out of
|
I am running out of time.
|
|
Present Perfect
|
He / She
|
has run
|
into
|
He has run into a problem.
|
|
Future
|
All subjects
|
will run
|
away
|
The cat will run away.
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
I have run out of
|
I've run out of
|
Informal/Neutral
|
|
He has run into
|
He's run into
|
Informal/Neutral
|
|
We are running out of
|
We're running out of
|
Informal/Neutral
|
Meanings
A set of idiomatic expressions where the verb 'run' combines with prepositions to create specific meanings related to chance, exhaustion of resources, or flight.
Run into (Social)
To meet someone unexpectedly or by chance.
“You'll never guess who I ran into at the airport!”
“I hope I don't run into my ex-boyfriend tonight.”
Run into (Physical)
To physically collide with something or someone.
“The bus ran into a lamp post during the storm.”
“I was looking at my phone and ran into a door.”
Run out of
To finish a supply of something so that none is left.
“We have run out of coffee; can you buy some?”
“The car ran out of gas in the middle of nowhere.”
Run away
To leave a place or person secretly and suddenly, often to escape.
“He ran away from home when he was eighteen.”
“The dog ran away because the gate was left open.”
Reference Table
| 句動詞 | 中心的な意味 | 例文 |
|---|---|---|
|
run into
|
予期せず会う
|
I `ran into` my boss at the coffee shop.
|
|
run into
|
衝突する
|
He accidentally `ran into` a lamppost.
|
|
run out of
|
供給を使い果たす
|
We're `running out of` time for this project.
|
|
run out of
|
何も残っていない
|
My phone is `running out of` battery.
|
|
run away
|
逃げる、逃避する
|
The cat `ran away` when the door opened.
|
|
run away
|
責任を避ける
|
You can't `run away` from adulting forever!
|
|
run away with
|
想像力が暴走する
|
My imagination `ran away with` me watching that movie.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
I encountered an old colleague unexpectedly. (Social encounter)
I ran into an old friend. (Social encounter)
Guess who I bumped into! (Social encounter)
I tripped over my old mate at the shops. (Social encounter)
句動詞「Run」の意味
前置詞: INTO
- Run into (person) 偶然会う
- Run into (problem) 困難に遭遇する
- Run into (object) 衝突する
前置詞: OUT OF
- Run out of (physical) 供給を使い果たす（例：牛乳、ガソリン）
- Run out of (abstract) 使い果たす（例：時間、忍耐）
前置詞: AWAY
- Run away (literal) 逃げる、避ける
- Run away (figurative) 責任を避ける
- Run away with (imagination) 我を忘れる
フォーマル vs. インフォーマルな句動詞
「Run」の句動詞の選び方
誰か/何かに予期せず会っていますか、それとも衝突していますか？
供給や資源が不足していますか？
誰か/何かが逃げたり、避けたりしていますか？
「Run」の句動詞シナリオ
偶然の出会い
- • 友達に「run into」
- • 元恋人に「run into」
- • 有名人に「run into」
供給の枯渇
- • コーヒーが「run out of」
- • バッテリーが「run out of」
- • 時間が「run out of」
逃避・回避
- • 問題から「run away」
- • 家から「run away」
- • 想像力が「runs away with」
問題に遭遇する
- • トラブルに「run into」
- • 借金に「run into」
- • 予期せぬエラーに「run into」
レベル別の例文
The boy runs away.
The boy runs away.
Do not run into the street.
Do not run into the street.
I run every day.
I run every day.
The dog runs away from the cat.
The dog runs away from the cat.
We ran out of bread.
We ran out of bread.
He ran into a tree on his bike.
He ran into a tree on his bike.
She is running away from the big dog.
She is running away from the big dog.
I ran into my teacher at the shop.
I ran into my teacher at the shop.
I ran into an old classmate at the wedding.
I ran into an old classmate at the wedding.
We've run out of time to finish the test.
We've run out of time to finish the test.
Why did the suspect run away from the police?
Why did the suspect run away from the police?
I'm running out of ideas for the party.
I'm running out of ideas for the party.
The project ran into several technical difficulties.
The project ran into several technical difficulties.
If we don't hurry, we'll run out of daylight.
If we don't hurry, we'll run out of daylight.
He's always running away from his responsibilities.
He's always running away from his responsibilities.
I ran into some trouble with my visa application.
I ran into some trouble with my visa application.
The company ran into a wall of opposition from the public.
The company ran into a wall of opposition from the public.
Our resources are running dangerously low; we might run out of options soon.
Our resources are running dangerously low; we might run out of options soon.
The imagination of the author really ran away with the plot in the final chapter.
The imagination of the author really ran away with the plot in the final chapter.
I ran into him quite by chance in the most unlikely of places.
I ran into him quite by chance in the most unlikely of places.
The legal team ran into a jurisdictional nightmare that stalled the case for years.
The legal team ran into a jurisdictional nightmare that stalled the case for years.
To suggest we have run out of steam would be a gross understatement of our current fatigue.
To suggest we have run out of steam would be a gross understatement of our current fatigue.
The horse ran away with the race, leaving the other competitors in the dust.
The horse ran away with the race, leaving the other competitors in the dust.
One cannot simply run away from the historical implications of such a decision.
One cannot simply run away from the historical implications of such a decision.
間違えやすい
Learners use 'run into' for planned meetings.
Learners say 'I ran out of my dinner'.
They both mean leaving, but 'run off' is often more sudden or with someone else.
よくある間違い
I runned away.
I ran away.
I run into he.
I ran into him.
The dog run away.
The dog ran away.
I run in the room.
I ran into the room.
We ran out milk.
We ran out of milk.
I ran into to my friend.
I ran into my friend.
He ran away the house.
He ran away from the house.
I ran Sarah into.
I ran into Sarah.
I ran out of my homework.
I finished my homework.
I ran into a meeting at 5.
I have a meeting at 5.
The idea ran away from me.
The idea ran away with me.
文型パターン
I was ___ when I ran into ___.
We have run out of ___, so we need to ___.
Don't run away from ___!
The ___ ran into the ___.
Real World Usage
Hey! Just ran into your brother at the gym.
We've run out of printer toner again.
I ran out of local currency at the airport.
Running away from my responsibilities like... [meme]
The suspect ran away toward the park.
I'm afraid I'll run into my ex at this party.
文脈に耳を傾けましょう
「out of」は切り離さないで！
日常生活で練習しましょう
句動詞はカジュアルです
「走る」だけじゃない「run」
Smart Tips
Use 'ran out of time' or 'ran into traffic' to give a natural-sounding excuse.
Check if there is a noun after it. If yes, you MUST add 'of'.
Don't just say 'I saw him'. Use 'I ran into him' to emphasize the surprise.
Use 'run into a wall' or 'run into trouble' to describe obstacles vividly.
発音
Linking 'Run' and 'Into'
The 'n' in 'run' links to the 'i' in 'into', sounding like 'ru-ninto'.
Stress on Particles
In phrasal verbs, the stress often falls on the particle (into, out, away) rather than the verb.
Surprise Intonation
I ran into SARAH! ↗
Expresses shock or excitement about the meeting.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Into is for Impact (meeting or hitting); Out Of is for Empty; Away is for Escape.
視覚的連想
Imagine a car hitting a wall (Run Into), a gas gauge pointing to 'E' (Run Out Of), and a prisoner jumping a fence (Run Away).
Rhyme
Ran into a friend, ran out of cash, ran away from the scene in a dash.
Story
I was driving when I ran into a friend. We went for coffee but the shop had run out of beans. I was so embarrassed I wanted to run away!
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write three sentences about your day yesterday using 'ran into', 'ran out of', and 'ran away'.
文化メモ
In the UK, 'run out of' is often used with 'petrol' instead of 'gas'. Also, 'run away' is common in folklore (e.g., The Gingerbread Man).
Americans frequently use 'run into' for both people and physical objects. 'Run away' is often used in the context of 'runaway successes' in business.
Australians might use 'run into' but also 'bump into' very frequently in casual speech.
The verb 'run' comes from Old English 'rinnan'. Phrasal verb constructions became dominant in Middle English as the language shifted away from prefixes to particles.
会話のきっかけ
Who was the last person you ran into unexpectedly?
Have you ever run out of something important while cooking?
If you could run away to any country for a week, where would you go?
What do you do when you run out of patience?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
I completely ___ milk this morning, so I couldn't have cereal.
Find and fix the mistake:
She ran away an old friend at the concert.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Mi teléfono se está quedando sin batería.'
Answer starts with: ["M...
Score: /4
練習問題
8 exercisesI'm sorry I'm late; I ran ___ of gas on the way here.
Yesterday, I ___ into my old boss at the supermarket.
Find and fix the mistake:
We ran Sarah into at the park.
1. Run into, 2. Run out of, 3. Run away
out / of / we / have / coffee / run
You can say 'I ran him into' if you met him by surprise.
A: Why are you so stressed? B: I'm ___ of time to finish this report!
Sort: [Milk, A friend, Time, A car]
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesI never expected to ___ my old elementary school teacher at the university.
The children run away from their parents at the park.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Ella se encontró con muchos problemas durante su viaje.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the sentence halves:
His wild ideas always seem to ___ with him when he's brainstorming.
Be careful not to run in the pole.
Choose the correct sentence:
Put the words in order:
Match each phrasal verb with its meaning:
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
No, `run out of` is only for supplies or resources. If you mean you don't want to see them anymore, you might say `I've run out of patience with my friend`.
They mean the same thing! `Bump into` is slightly more informal, but both describe meeting someone by surprise.
No, `runned` is not a word in English. The past tense is always `ran`.
Yes, you can `run away from your feelings`, which means you are trying to avoid dealing with them.
Only if you mention the thing you are escaping. `He ran away` (No object) vs `He ran away from the dog` (With object).
Yes! This is a very common way to say you encountered a difficulty or obstacle.
Yes, it is neutral. However, in very formal reports, you might use `exhausted our supply` or `depleted our resources`.
It means to get very excited about an idea and perhaps take it too far or lose control of it.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Encontrarse con / Quedarse sin
Spanish uses completely different verbs rather than particles.
Tomber sur / Manquer de
French uses idiomatic verbs like 'tomber' (fall) instead of 'run'.
Zufällig treffen / Ausgehen
German uses separable prefixes which are similar in logic to English particles.
Deau / Nakunaru
Japanese uses specific verbs that don't involve the concept of 'running'.
Nafada / Iltaqa bi-sudfa
Arabic uses formal verb roots rather than a verb+preposition combination.
Pèng dào / Yòng wán
Chinese uses resultative verb compounds (verb + result) which is a similar logic to phrasal verbs.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
関連動画
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