Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Phrasal verbs with 'run' change the verb's meaning from physical movement to social encounters, supply management, or escaping situations.
- Use 'run into' for unexpected meetings or physical collisions: 'I ran into Tom.'
- Use 'run out of' when a supply is finished: 'We ran out of milk.'
- Use 'run away' to describe escaping or avoiding something: 'The cat ran away.'
Overview
run이라는 기초 단어가 into, out of, away와 만나면 원래의 '달리다'라는 의미와는 전혀 다른 뜻이 됩니다.run으로 표현하는 방식은 없습니다. 예를 들어 한국어에서는 친구를 우연히 만나면 '마주치다'라는 단어를 쓰지만, 영어에서는 run into를 사용합니다. 이처럼 한국어와 영어의 구조적 차이를 이해하지 못하면, 원어민이 말하는 '상황적 의미'를 놓치기 쉽습니다.run을 활용한 이어동사를 완벽하게 구사할 수 있도록 돕기 위해 작성되었습니다.run은 '빠르게 움직이다'라는 뜻이지만, 뒤에 붙는 입자가 그 방향성이나 상태를 결정합니다.- 1
run into: 여기서into는 '안으로'라는 물리적 의미를 넘어, 어떤 대상과 '우연히 접촉'하거나 '문제에 부딪히는' 상태를 의미합니다. 한국어의 '마주치다' 혹은 '직면하다'와 대응합니다. - 2
run out of:out of는 '밖으로'라는 의미에서 확장되어, 무엇인가의 공급이 '바닥나다' 혹은 '고갈되다'라는 의미를 가집니다. 한국어의 '다 떨어지다'와 정확히 일치합니다. - 3
run away:away는 '멀리'라는 뜻으로, 어떤 대상으로부터 '도망치다' 혹은 '회피하다'라는 의미를 만듭니다. 한국어의 '도망가다'와 같습니다.
run out of처럼 뒤에 반드시 무엇이 고갈되었는지 명시해야 하는 경우가 많습니다. 또한 한국어는 조사를 통해 문장 성분을 구분하지만, 영어는 어순과 전치사가 그 역할을 대신한다는 점을 항상 기억해야 합니다.run into | 우연히 만나다/직면하다 | run + into + 대상 | I ran into my friend. |run out of | ~이 다 떨어지다 | run + out of + 명사 | We ran out of milk. |run away | 도망치다 | run + away + (from + 대상) | The cat ran away. |run into와 run out of는 뒤에 목적어가 반드시 와야 하는 타동사구입니다. 반면 run away는 목적어 없이도 문장이 완성되는 자동사구입니다. 특히 run out of는 3단어 조합이지만 절대 떨어뜨려 쓸 수 없는 하나의 덩어리라는 점을 유의하세요.- 1
run into: 카페에서 우연히 옛 친구를 만났을 때,I ran into my friend at the cafe.
라고 합니다. 또한 회사에서 갑자기 어려운 상황을 맞닥뜨렸을 때We ran into a problem.
이라고 표현합니다. 한국어의 '마주치다'와 '직면하다'를 모두 포괄합니다. - 2
run out of: 배달 앱으로 음식을 주문하려는데 재료가 없을 때,The restaurant ran out of ingredients.
라고 합니다. 물리적인 물건뿐만 아니라, "I'm running out of patience(인내심이 바닥나고 있어)."처럼 추상적인 개념에도 사용합니다. - 3
run away: 무서운 상황에서 피하거나, 책임을 회피할 때 사용합니다.He ran away from his responsibilities.
는 그가 책임을 회피하고 있다는 뜻입니다. 단순히 장소를 옮기는 것이 아니라, 무언가로부터 '벗어나는' 강한 의지가 담겨 있습니다.
- 1목적어 위치 착각:
run into를run my friend into라고 쓰는 경우입니다. 이는 한국어의 '친구를 마주쳤다'라는 어순(목적어+서술어)을 그대로 영어에 대입했기 때문에 발생합니다.run into는 한 덩어리이므로 목적어는 반드시 뒤에 와야 합니다. - 2전치사 누락:
run out of milk를run out milk라고 쓰는 경우입니다. 한국어는 '우유가 다 떨어졌다'라고 하지만, 영어는out of라는 전치사구가 필수적입니다. 전치사가 빠지면 문법적으로 틀린 문장이 됩니다. - 3
run away의 오용: 단순히 '가다'를 말하고 싶을 때run away to the store라고 하는 경우입니다.run away는 '도망'의 뉘앙스가 강하므로, 단순히 가게에 가는 상황이라면I ran to the store라고 해야 합니다. 한국어의 '도망가다'라는 단어를 모든 '달려서 가는 상황'에 대입하려는 습관 때문입니다.
run into a friend | 영어는 전치사가 목적어를 이끎 |run out of milk | 영어는 3단어 이상이 하나의 동사처럼 작동 |run away | 영어는 방향성 부사가 동사의 의미를 결정 |run into와 meet의 차이는 무엇인가요?meet은 약속을 잡고 만나는 '의도적인 만남'을 포함하지만, run into는 100% 우연한 만남만을 의미합니다.run out of에서 out만 쓰면 안 되나요?run out은 '밖으로 달려 나가다'라는 뜻이 되어 의미가 완전히 달라집니다. 재료가 고갈되었다는 뜻을 전달하려면 반드시 out of를 함께 써야 합니다.run into를 써도 되나요?encounter나 experience 같은 더 격식 있는 단어를 사용하는 것이 좋습니다. run into는 구어체에 가깝기 때문입니다.Conjugating 'Run' in Phrasal Verbs
| Tense | Subject | Verb Form | Particle | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
I / You / We / They
|
run
|
into
|
I run into him often.
|
|
Present Simple
|
He / She / It
|
runs
|
out of
|
She runs out of milk weekly.
|
|
Past Simple
|
All subjects
|
ran
|
away
|
They ran away yesterday.
|
|
Present Continuous
|
I
|
am running
|
out of
|
I am running out of time.
|
|
Present Perfect
|
He / She
|
has run
|
into
|
He has run into a problem.
|
|
Future
|
All subjects
|
will run
|
away
|
The cat will run away.
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
I have run out of
|
I've run out of
|
Informal/Neutral
|
|
He has run into
|
He's run into
|
Informal/Neutral
|
|
We are running out of
|
We're running out of
|
Informal/Neutral
|
Meanings
A set of idiomatic expressions where the verb 'run' combines with prepositions to create specific meanings related to chance, exhaustion of resources, or flight.
Run into (Social)
To meet someone unexpectedly or by chance.
“You'll never guess who I ran into at the airport!”
“I hope I don't run into my ex-boyfriend tonight.”
Run into (Physical)
To physically collide with something or someone.
“The bus ran into a lamp post during the storm.”
“I was looking at my phone and ran into a door.”
Run out of
To finish a supply of something so that none is left.
“We have run out of coffee; can you buy some?”
“The car ran out of gas in the middle of nowhere.”
Run away
To leave a place or person secretly and suddenly, often to escape.
“He ran away from home when he was eighteen.”
“The dog ran away because the gate was left open.”
Reference Table
| 구동사 | 핵심 의미 | 사용 예시 |
|---|---|---|
|
run into
|
예상치 못하게 만나다
|
I `ran into` my boss at the coffee shop.
|
|
run into
|
~와 충돌하다
|
He accidentally `ran into` a lamppost.
|
|
run out of
|
공급을 소진하다
|
We're `running out of` time for this project.
|
|
run out of
|
남아있는 것이 없다
|
My phone is `running out of` battery.
|
|
run away
|
탈출하거나 도망치다
|
The cat `ran away` when the door opened.
|
|
run away
|
책임을 회피하다
|
You can't `run away` from adulting forever!
|
|
run away with
|
상상력이 폭주하다
|
My imagination `ran away with` me watching that movie.
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
I encountered an old colleague unexpectedly. (Social encounter)
I ran into an old friend. (Social encounter)
Guess who I bumped into! (Social encounter)
I tripped over my old mate at the shops. (Social encounter)
'Run' 구동사 의미 지도
전치사: INTO
- Run into (person) 우연히 만나다
- Run into (problem) 어려움에 직면하다
- Run into (object) 충돌하다
전치사: OUT OF
- Run out of (physical) 공급 고갈 (예: 우유, 휘발유)
- Run out of (abstract) 소진 (예: 시간, 인내심)
전치사: AWAY
- Run away (literal) 탈출하다, 도망치다
- Run away (figurative) 책임을 회피하다
- Run away with (imagination) 제멋대로 폭주하다
격식 vs. 비격식 구동사 비교 차트
올바른 'Run' 구동사 선택 플로우차트
누군가/무언가가 예상치 못하게 만나거나 충돌하는 상황인가요?
물품이나 자원이 고갈되는 상황인가요?
누군가/무언가가 탈출하거나, 도망치거나, 회피하는 상황인가요?
'Run' 구동사 시나리오
우연한 만남
- • 친구를 우연히 만나다
- • 옛 애인을 우연히 만나다
- • 연예인을 우연히 만나다
물품 고갈
- • 커피가 다 떨어지다
- • 배터리가 다 떨어지다
- • 시간이 부족하다
탈출/회피
- • 문제로부터 도망치다
- • 가출하다
- • 상상력이 폭주하다
문제 직면
- • 곤경에 처하다
- • 빚을 지다
- • 예상치 못한 오류에 직면하다
수준별 예문
The boy runs away.
The boy runs away.
Do not run into the street.
Do not run into the street.
I run every day.
I run every day.
The dog runs away from the cat.
The dog runs away from the cat.
We ran out of bread.
We ran out of bread.
He ran into a tree on his bike.
He ran into a tree on his bike.
She is running away from the big dog.
She is running away from the big dog.
I ran into my teacher at the shop.
I ran into my teacher at the shop.
I ran into an old classmate at the wedding.
I ran into an old classmate at the wedding.
We've run out of time to finish the test.
We've run out of time to finish the test.
Why did the suspect run away from the police?
Why did the suspect run away from the police?
I'm running out of ideas for the party.
I'm running out of ideas for the party.
The project ran into several technical difficulties.
The project ran into several technical difficulties.
If we don't hurry, we'll run out of daylight.
If we don't hurry, we'll run out of daylight.
He's always running away from his responsibilities.
He's always running away from his responsibilities.
I ran into some trouble with my visa application.
I ran into some trouble with my visa application.
The company ran into a wall of opposition from the public.
The company ran into a wall of opposition from the public.
Our resources are running dangerously low; we might run out of options soon.
Our resources are running dangerously low; we might run out of options soon.
The imagination of the author really ran away with the plot in the final chapter.
The imagination of the author really ran away with the plot in the final chapter.
I ran into him quite by chance in the most unlikely of places.
I ran into him quite by chance in the most unlikely of places.
The legal team ran into a jurisdictional nightmare that stalled the case for years.
The legal team ran into a jurisdictional nightmare that stalled the case for years.
To suggest we have run out of steam would be a gross understatement of our current fatigue.
To suggest we have run out of steam would be a gross understatement of our current fatigue.
The horse ran away with the race, leaving the other competitors in the dust.
The horse ran away with the race, leaving the other competitors in the dust.
One cannot simply run away from the historical implications of such a decision.
One cannot simply run away from the historical implications of such a decision.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners use 'run into' for planned meetings.
Learners say 'I ran out of my dinner'.
They both mean leaving, but 'run off' is often more sudden or with someone else.
자주 하는 실수
I runned away.
I ran away.
I run into he.
I ran into him.
The dog run away.
The dog ran away.
I run in the room.
I ran into the room.
We ran out milk.
We ran out of milk.
I ran into to my friend.
I ran into my friend.
He ran away the house.
He ran away from the house.
I ran Sarah into.
I ran into Sarah.
I ran out of my homework.
I finished my homework.
I ran into a meeting at 5.
I have a meeting at 5.
The idea ran away from me.
The idea ran away with me.
문장 패턴
I was ___ when I ran into ___.
We have run out of ___, so we need to ___.
Don't run away from ___!
The ___ ran into the ___.
Real World Usage
Hey! Just ran into your brother at the gym.
We've run out of printer toner again.
I ran out of local currency at the airport.
Running away from my responsibilities like... [meme]
The suspect ran away toward the park.
I'm afraid I'll run into my ex at this party.
문맥을 잘 들어봐요
'out of'를 쪼개지 마세요
일상생활에서 연습해요
Did I run into anyone today?)' '뭐가 다 떨어져 가고 있지? (
Am I running out of anything?)' '혹시 설거지 같은 걸 피하고 있지는 않나? (
Am I running away from something (like doing dishes)?)' 실생활에 적용하는 게 중요해요! "Think about your own day: 'Did I run into anyone today?' 'Am I running out of anything?' 'Am I running away from something (like doing dishes)?' Real-life application is key!"
구동사는 캐주얼해요
물리적인 '달리기'를 넘어
Smart Tips
Use 'ran out of time' or 'ran into traffic' to give a natural-sounding excuse.
Check if there is a noun after it. If yes, you MUST add 'of'.
Don't just say 'I saw him'. Use 'I ran into him' to emphasize the surprise.
Use 'run into a wall' or 'run into trouble' to describe obstacles vividly.
발음
Linking 'Run' and 'Into'
The 'n' in 'run' links to the 'i' in 'into', sounding like 'ru-ninto'.
Stress on Particles
In phrasal verbs, the stress often falls on the particle (into, out, away) rather than the verb.
Surprise Intonation
I ran into SARAH! ↗
Expresses shock or excitement about the meeting.
암기하기
기억법
Into is for Impact (meeting or hitting); Out Of is for Empty; Away is for Escape.
시각적 연상
Imagine a car hitting a wall (Run Into), a gas gauge pointing to 'E' (Run Out Of), and a prisoner jumping a fence (Run Away).
Rhyme
Ran into a friend, ran out of cash, ran away from the scene in a dash.
Story
I was driving when I ran into a friend. We went for coffee but the shop had run out of beans. I was so embarrassed I wanted to run away!
Word Web
챌린지
Write three sentences about your day yesterday using 'ran into', 'ran out of', and 'ran away'.
문화 노트
In the UK, 'run out of' is often used with 'petrol' instead of 'gas'. Also, 'run away' is common in folklore (e.g., The Gingerbread Man).
Americans frequently use 'run into' for both people and physical objects. 'Run away' is often used in the context of 'runaway successes' in business.
Australians might use 'run into' but also 'bump into' very frequently in casual speech.
The verb 'run' comes from Old English 'rinnan'. Phrasal verb constructions became dominant in Middle English as the language shifted away from prefixes to particles.
대화 시작하기
Who was the last person you ran into unexpectedly?
Have you ever run out of something important while cooking?
If you could run away to any country for a week, where would you go?
What do you do when you run out of patience?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
I completely ___ milk this morning, so I couldn't have cereal.
Find and fix the mistake:
She ran away an old friend at the concert.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Mi teléfono se está quedando sin batería.'
Answer starts with: ["M...
Score: /4
연습 문제
8 exercisesI'm sorry I'm late; I ran ___ of gas on the way here.
Yesterday, I ___ into my old boss at the supermarket.
Find and fix the mistake:
We ran Sarah into at the park.
1. Run into, 2. Run out of, 3. Run away
out / of / we / have / coffee / run
You can say 'I ran him into' if you met him by surprise.
A: Why are you so stressed? B: I'm ___ of time to finish this report!
Sort: [Milk, A friend, Time, A car]
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesI never expected to ___ my old elementary school teacher at the university.
The children run away from their parents at the park.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Ella se encontró con muchos problemas durante su viaje.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the sentence halves:
His wild ideas always seem to ___ with him when he's brainstorming.
Be careful not to run in the pole.
Choose the correct sentence:
Put the words in order:
Match each phrasal verb with its meaning:
Score: /12
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
No, `run out of` is only for supplies or resources. If you mean you don't want to see them anymore, you might say `I've run out of patience with my friend`.
They mean the same thing! `Bump into` is slightly more informal, but both describe meeting someone by surprise.
No, `runned` is not a word in English. The past tense is always `ran`.
Yes, you can `run away from your feelings`, which means you are trying to avoid dealing with them.
Only if you mention the thing you are escaping. `He ran away` (No object) vs `He ran away from the dog` (With object).
Yes! This is a very common way to say you encountered a difficulty or obstacle.
Yes, it is neutral. However, in very formal reports, you might use `exhausted our supply` or `depleted our resources`.
It means to get very excited about an idea and perhaps take it too far or lose control of it.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Encontrarse con / Quedarse sin
Spanish uses completely different verbs rather than particles.
Tomber sur / Manquer de
French uses idiomatic verbs like 'tomber' (fall) instead of 'run'.
Zufällig treffen / Ausgehen
German uses separable prefixes which are similar in logic to English particles.
Deau / Nakunaru
Japanese uses specific verbs that don't involve the concept of 'running'.
Nafada / Iltaqa bi-sudfa
Arabic uses formal verb roots rather than a verb+preposition combination.
Pèng dào / Yòng wán
Chinese uses resultative verb compounds (verb + result) which is a similar logic to phrasal verbs.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
관련 동영상
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