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A1 adjective #200 よく出る 8分で読める

나쁘다

nappeuda 上位200

練習する例文メモとヒント 나쁘다 30秒で

解説 나쁘다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '나쁘다' is introduced as one of the most basic adjectives to describe negative states. Students learn to use it for simple descriptions such as '나쁜 사람' (bad person) or '날씨가 나빠요' (the weather is bad). The focus at this stage is on the basic meaning of 'bad' as the opposite of 'good' (좋다). Learners also encounter the 'ㅡ' irregular conjugation for the first time with this word, learning that '나쁘다' becomes '나빠요'. It is used to express simple opinions about things like movies, food (though '맛없다' is more common), and general situations. The goal is to be able to state that something is not desirable or of low quality in a very straightforward way.

At the A2 level, the usage of '나쁘다' expands to include physical health and more specific descriptions. Learners start using phrases like '눈이 나쁘다' (to have bad eyesight) or '건강이 나쁘다' (to be in poor health). They also learn to use '나쁘다' in more complex sentence structures, such as using it with connectors like '-아서/어서' (because) or '-고' (and). For example, '날씨가 나빠서 집에 있었어요' (I stayed home because the weather was bad). The distinction between '나쁘다' and '안 좋다' begins to form, with students learning that '안 좋다' is often a more polite way to express negativity in social contexts.

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At the B1 level, '나쁘다' is used to describe more abstract concepts and social dynamics. Learners use it to talk about relationships ('사이가 나쁘다' - to be on bad terms) or reputations ('평판이 나쁘다' - to have a bad reputation). They also begin to use the adverbial form '나쁘게' (badly) to describe how actions are performed or how thoughts are perceived, such as '나쁘게 말하다' (to speak badly of someone). The word is also used in the context of habits and influences, like '나쁜 습관을 고치다' (to fix a bad habit) or '아이들에게 나쁜 영향을 주다' (to have a bad influence on children).

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At the B2 level, '나쁘다' appears in more formal and idiomatic contexts. Learners understand its use in economic and social discussions, such as '경기가 나쁘다' (the economy is bad/in a recession) or '여론이 나쁘다' (public opinion is bad). They also encounter more nuanced idioms like '머리가 나쁘다' (to be unintelligent) and understand the social weight these phrases carry. At this stage, students are expected to choose between '나쁘다' and its more specific synonyms like '해롭다' (harmful) or '불량하다' (delinquent/poor quality) depending on the formal or informal nature of the conversation.

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At the C1 level, '나쁘다' is analyzed in literary and philosophical contexts. It may be used to discuss the nature of 'evil' in a more abstract sense, often contrasted with '선하다' (good/virtuous). Learners are familiar with its use in classical literature or high-level journalism where it might describe '나쁜 관행' (bad practices/corruption) or '나쁜 선례' (a bad precedent). The focus is on the subtle connotations the word carries when used in professional critiques or legal contexts. Students can also use the word in complex rhetorical structures to emphasize a point.

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At the C2 level, a learner has a near-native grasp of '나쁘다', including its historical roots and its place in various dialects or archaic forms if necessary. They can distinguish the finest shades of meaning between '나쁘다' and every possible synonym in the Korean lexicon. They use the word effortlessly in high-level academic discourse, perhaps discussing the '나쁜' aspects of a philosophical theory or a complex historical event. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a tool for precise, nuanced expression in any possible Korean-speaking environment.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

나쁘다 30秒で

나쁘다 is the primary Korean adjective for 'bad', covering morality, quality, health, and environment.
It is an 'ㅡ' irregular adjective, conjugating to '나빠요' in the polite present tense.
Common idioms include '눈이 나쁘다' (bad eyesight) and '기분이 나쁘다' (to feel bad/offended).
While versatile, it can be harsh; '안 좋다' (not good) is often used as a softer alternative.

The Korean adjective 나쁘다 (nappeuda) is a fundamental word that every learner must master early in their journey. At its core, it translates to 'to be bad' in English, but its utility extends far beyond a simple moral judgment. In Korean culture and language, '나쁘다' serves as a versatile descriptor for quality, morality, health, and even social relationships. When you first encounter this word at the A1 level, you might use it to describe a 'bad person' or 'bad weather,' but as you progress, you will find it embedded in idiomatic expressions that describe everything from poor eyesight to a foul mood. Understanding '나쁘다' requires looking at the context: is it describing an object's lack of quality, a person's malicious intent, or a physical condition that is deteriorating? This word is the direct antonym of 좋다 (jota), which means 'to be good.' However, unlike '좋다,' which can sometimes be used to mean 'to like' (as in 좋아하다), '나쁘다' remains strictly an adjective describing a state or quality.

Moral Character: When applied to people, it suggests they are unkind, mean, or 'wicked' (못됐다). For example, a villain in a story is always described as a '나쁜 사람' (bad person).

Physical Health: It is frequently used to describe failing health or specific physical attributes. If someone has poor vision, they say '눈이 나쁘다' (eyes are bad). If their overall health is poor, they might say '건강이 나쁘다'.

Environmental Conditions: Weather, air quality, and general surroundings use this word. In Korea, where fine dust (미세먼지) is a concern, you will often hear '공기가 나쁘다' (the air is bad).

거짓말을 하는 것은 나쁘다.

Translation: Telling lies is bad.

오늘 날씨가 정말 나빠요.

Translation: The weather is really bad today.

그는 성격이 나쁘지 않아요.

Translation: His personality is not bad.

머리가 나쁘면 몸이 고생한다.

Translation: If your head is bad (unintelligent), your body suffers.

기분이 나빠서 집에 갔어요.

Translation: I went home because I felt bad (mood).

Using '나쁘다' correctly involves understanding its conjugation and its placement in a sentence. As an adjective (descriptive verb), it usually comes at the end of a sentence or modifies a noun directly. When modifying a noun, it changes to '나쁜' (nappeun). For example, '나쁜 습관' means 'a bad habit.' The conjugation of '나쁘다' follows the 'ㅡ' irregular rule. This is a critical grammar point for beginners. When the stem '나쁘-' meets an ending starting with '아' or '어', the 'ㅡ' disappears. Since the vowel before 'ㅡ' is 'ㅏ' (a bright vowel), we add '아'. Thus, '나쁘다' becomes '나빠요' in the polite present tense. In the past tense, it becomes '나빴어요' (was bad). If you are speaking formally, you use '나쁩니다'. Understanding these shifts is essential for natural-sounding Korean. Furthermore, '나쁘다' is often paired with subjects using the particles '이/가'. For instance, '공기가 나빠요' (The air is bad). You can also use it in comparative sentences: '어제보다 오늘이 더 나빠요' (Today is worse than yesterday). It's also important to note that '나쁘다' can be used with the '-게' adverbial suffix to form '나쁘게' (badly), as in '나쁘게 생각하지 마세요' (Don't think badly of it). This versatility allows you to describe actions and thoughts in addition to states of being.

Present Tense: Informal: 나빠, Polite: 나빠요, Formal: 나쁩니다. Used for current states like 'The weather is bad right now.'

Past Tense: Informal: 나빴어, Polite: 나빴어요, Formal: 나빴습니다. Used for past states like 'The food was bad yesterday.'

Noun Modifying Form: 나쁜 + Noun. Example: 나쁜 소식 (bad news), 나쁜 꿈 (bad dream), 나쁜 영향 (bad influence).

그 영화는 정말 나빴어요.

Translation: That movie was really bad.

그는 나쁜 친구들과 어울려요.

Translation: He hangs out with bad friends.

시력이 나빠져서 안경을 썼어요.

Translation: My eyesight got bad, so I wore glasses.

In daily life in Korea, '나쁘다' is ubiquitous. You will hear it in the news when reporters discuss the economy ('경기가 나쁘다') or environmental issues ('대기 질이 나쁘다'). In K-Dramas, it's a staple word used by protagonists to confront antagonists: '당신 정말 나쁜 사람이야!' (You are a truly bad person!). It's also used in very mundane, everyday contexts. If you go to a restaurant and the service is poor, you might tell a friend '서비스가 나빠요.' If you are feeling unwell, you might say '몸 상태가 나빠요.' In schools, teachers might warn students about '나쁜 버릇' (bad habits) like biting nails or being late. Interestingly, '나쁘다' is also used in a slightly more abstract way to describe luck or timing. '운이 나쁘다' means to be unlucky. You might hear someone sigh '아, 운이 나빴어' after missing a bus by just a few seconds. In the workplace, a manager might describe a project's outlook as '전망이 나쁘다' (the outlook is bad). It's also used to describe relationships; '사이가 나쁘다' means two people are on bad terms. This is a very common way to describe family feuds or broken friendships. Even in music, lyrics often use '나쁜' to describe a 'bad boy' or 'bad girl' archetype, which has a slightly different, sometimes even charismatic, connotation compared to its literal meaning. Whether it's the weather forecast, a doctor's diagnosis, or a heated argument, '나쁘다' is the go-to word for expressing negativity in all its forms.

미세먼지 농도가 나쁨 수준입니다.

Translation: The fine dust concentration is at a 'bad' level. (Common on weather apps)

둘이 사이가 나빠요?

Translation: Are those two on bad terms?

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when learning '나쁘다' is overusing it where '안 좋다' (not good) would be more natural. In English, we use 'bad' for almost everything, but in Korean, '나쁘다' carries a stronger, more definitive negative weight. For example, if you want to say the food doesn't taste good, saying '맛이 나빠요' sounds very harsh, as if the food is rotten or morally offensive. Instead, Koreans usually say '맛이 없어요' (there is no taste) or '맛이 별로예요' (it's not that great). Another common error is conjugation. Because '나쁘다' ends in 'ㅡ', many students forget to drop the 'ㅡ' and incorrectly say '나쁘어요' instead of '나빠요'. Remember: if the vowel before 'ㅡ' is 'ㅏ' or 'ㅗ', use '아'; otherwise, use '어'. Since '나' has 'ㅏ', it becomes '나빠'. Additionally, learners often confuse '나쁘다' with '못하다'. While '나쁘다' means 'bad' in terms of quality or morality, '못하다' means 'to be poor at' a skill. If you say '저는 한국어가 나빠요', it sounds like your Korean language itself is evil. You should say '저는 한국어를 못해요' (I am bad at/can't do Korean). Lastly, be careful with '기분이 나쁘다'. While it can mean 'I feel bad' (sad/unwell), it often means 'I am offended' or 'I am in a foul mood because of something someone did.' If you are just feeling sick, '몸이 안 좋아요' is a better choice.

Mistake: 맛이 나쁘다: Correction: 맛이 없어요. '나쁘다' is too strong for food unless it's truly inedible or harmful.

Mistake: 한국어가 나빠요: Correction: 한국어를 못해요. Use '못하다' for lack of skill or proficiency.

기분 나쁘게 듣지 마세요.

Translation: Don't take this the wrong way (Don't listen to this and feel bad/offended).

While '나쁘다' is the most common word for 'bad,' Korean has several alternatives that provide more specific nuances. Depending on whether you are talking about health, morality, or quality, you might choose a different word to sound more like a native speaker. For instance, '해롭다' is specifically used for things that are 'harmful' or 'detrimental,' such as smoking or bad habits. '못되다' is often used for people who are 'mean' or 'wicked' in their behavior. If something is of 'poor quality,' you might use '불량하다' (often used for products or delinquent behavior). For something that is 'not good' in a more general, softer sense, '안 좋다' is the most frequent substitute. In formal or academic writing, you might see '악하다' (evil) or '부정적이다' (negative). Understanding these synonyms will help you express yourself with greater precision and avoid the repetitive use of '나쁘다'.

나쁘다 vs. 안 좋다: 나쁘다 is definitive and strong. 안 좋다 is 'not good' and is often used as a polite euphemism for 'bad'.

나쁘다 vs. 해롭다: 나쁘다 is general. 해롭다 specifically means 'harmful to health or well-being'. Example: 담배는 건강에 해로워요 (Cigarettes are harmful to health).

나쁘다 vs. 못되다: 나쁘다 can describe anything. 못되다 is specifically for a person's mean or naughty character.

이 음식은 건강에 해로워요.

Translation: This food is harmful to health.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

In some ancient texts, '나쁘다' was used to describe physical length being too short, showing how the concept of 'bad' often stems from 'not meeting a standard'.

発音ガイド

UK /na.p͈ɯ.da/

US /nɑ.p͈u.dɑ/

In Korean, stress is generally even, but the tensed '쁘' might feel slightly more emphasized to English speakers.

韻が合う語

바쁘다 (to be busy) 기쁘다 (to be happy) 아프다 (to be sick/hurt) 예쁘다 (to be pretty) 슬프다 (to be sad) 고프다 (to be hungry) 가쁘다 (to be breathless) 미쁘다 (to be trustworthy)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing '쁘' as '프' (aspirated p).
Not dropping the 'ㅡ' when conjugating to '나빠요'.
Pronouncing '나' with a long 'a' like 'nah'.

難易度

読解 1/5

Easy to recognize as a basic A1 word.

ライティング 2/5

Requires remembering the 'ㅡ' irregular conjugation.

スピーキング 2/5

Pronunciation of the double 'pp' can be tricky for beginners.

リスニング 1/5

Very common and easy to hear in context.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

좋다 (good) 사람 (person) 날씨 (weather) 기분 (mood) 이/가 (subject particles)

次に学ぶ

나빠지다 (to worsen) 해롭다 (harmful) 못되다 (mean) 안 좋다 (not good) 악하다 (evil)

上級

부정적이다 (negative) 불량하다 (delinquent) 고약하다 (nasty) 악영향 (bad influence)

知っておくべき文法

ㅡ Irregular Adjectives

나쁘다 -> 나빠요, 바쁘다 -> 바빠요

Adjective Noun Modifying Form (-ㄴ/은)

나쁜 사람, 좋은 날씨

Adverbial Form (-게)

나쁘게 말하다

Becoming/Changing State (-아/어지다)

나빠지다 (to become bad)

Negative Construction (안 / -지 않다)

안 나빠요, 나쁘지 않아요

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レベル別の例文

기분이 나빠요.

I feel bad (mood).

Present polite tense of 나쁘다.

그 사람은 나쁜 사람이에요.

That person is a bad person.

Noun modifying form 나쁜.

오늘 날씨가 나빠요.

The weather is bad today.

Basic adjective usage.

이 사과는 나빠요.

This apple is bad (rotten).

Describing quality.

어제는 기분이 나빴어요.

Yesterday I felt bad.

Past tense 나빴어요.

나쁜 꿈을 꿨어요.

I had a bad dream.

나쁜 modifying 꿈.

공기가 정말 나빠요.

The air is really bad.

Subject particle 가 used.

그 영화는 나빠요.

That movie is bad.

Expressing an opinion.

저는 눈이 아주 나빠요.

My eyesight is very bad.

Idiomatic use for eyesight.

건강이 나빠져서 운동을 시작했어요.

My health got bad, so I started exercising.

나빠지다 (to become bad).

나쁜 습관을 버려야 해요.

You must throw away bad habits.

Modifying an abstract noun.

사이가 나쁜 친구와 화해했어요.

I reconciled with a friend I was on bad terms with.

사이가 나쁘다 idiom.

머리가 나빠서 이해가 안 돼요.

I don't understand because I'm not smart (literally 'head is bad').

Casual/Blunt idiom.

운이 나빠서 버스를 놓쳤어요.

I missed the bus because I was unlucky.

운이 나쁘다 (unlucky).

이 음식은 질이 나빠요.

This food is of poor quality.

질이 나쁘다 (poor quality).

기분 나쁘게 생각하지 마세요.

Don't think of it badly (Don't be offended).

Adverbial form 나쁘게.

그 소문은 그에게 나쁜 영향을 주었어요.

That rumor had a bad influence on him.

나쁜 영향 (bad influence).

형편이 나빠서 여행을 못 가요.

I can't go on a trip because my financial situation is bad.

형편이 나쁘다 (financial situation).

성격이 나쁜 사람과는 일하기 힘들어요.

It's hard to work with someone who has a bad personality.

Describing character.

그의 평판이 나빠지고 있어요.

His reputation is getting worse.

평판 (reputation).

나쁜 소식을 전하게 되어 유감입니다.

I am sorry to deliver bad news.

Formal expression.

기억력이 나빠서 자꾸 잊어버려요.

My memory is bad, so I keep forgetting.

기억력 (memory).

상황이 생각보다 더 나쁩니다.

The situation is worse than I thought.

Formal present tense.

나쁜 짓을 하면 벌을 받아요.

If you do bad things, you get punished.

나쁜 짓 (bad deed/act).

요즘 경기가 너무 나빠서 걱정이에요.

I'm worried because the economy is so bad lately.

경기 (economic condition).

그것은 아주 나쁜 선례를 남길 것입니다.

That will leave a very bad precedent.

선례 (precedent).

여론이 나빠지자 장관이 사퇴했습니다.

As public opinion worsened, the minister resigned.

여론 (public opinion).

환경 오염은 생태계에 나쁜 결과를 초래합니다.

Environmental pollution brings about bad results for the ecosystem.

초래하다 (to bring about).

나쁜 의도로 한 말은 아니었어요.

It wasn't something said with bad intentions.

의도 (intention).

그는 나쁜 친구들과 어울리며 방황했습니다.

He wandered around, hanging out with bad friends.

어울리다 (to hang out/mix).

전망이 나쁜 사업에는 투자하지 마세요.

Don't invest in a business with a bad outlook.

전망 (outlook/prospect).

그의 행동은 나쁜 평가를 받았습니다.

His actions received a bad evaluation.

평가 (evaluation).

이것은 도덕적으로 나쁜 행위입니다.

This is a morally bad act.

도덕적으로 (morally).

나쁜 관행을 타파하기 위해 노력해야 합니다.

We must strive to break down bad practices.

관행 (practice/custom).

그의 발언은 나쁜 파장을 일으켰습니다.

His remarks caused a bad ripple effect.

파장 (ripple/impact).

나쁜 감정을 품고 있으면 자신만 힘들어져요.

If you harbor bad feelings, only you will suffer.

품다 (to harbor/hold).

그 정책은 서민들에게 나쁜 영향을 미칠 것입니다.

That policy will have a bad effect on ordinary people.

영향을 미치다 (to exert influence).

나쁜 조건 속에서도 그는 성공했습니다.

He succeeded even under bad conditions.

조건 (condition).

인간의 본성이 나쁘다고 생각하시나요?

Do you think human nature is bad?

본성 (nature/essence).

나쁜 소문이 걷잡을 수 없이 퍼졌습니다.

Bad rumors spread uncontrollably.

걷잡을 수 없이 (uncontrollably).

나쁜 징조가 도처에서 나타나고 있습니다.

Bad omens are appearing everywhere.

징조 (omen/sign).

그의 나쁜 행실은 결국 화를 불렀습니다.

His bad behavior eventually invited disaster.

행실 (conduct/behavior).

나쁜 무리들과 결탁하여 비리를 저질렀습니다.

He committed corruption by colluding with bad groups.

결탁하다 (to collude).

나쁜 기운이 감도는 방에 들어가기 싫어요.

I don't want to enter the room where a bad energy lingers.

기운 (energy/aura).

나쁜 마음을 먹으면 얼굴에 나타납니다.

If you harbor bad intentions, it shows on your face.

마음을 먹다 (to make up one's mind/harbor intent).

그것은 나쁜 결과를 초래할 개연성이 큽니다.

There is a high probability that it will lead to bad results.

개연성 (probability).

나쁜 풍조가 만연해 있는 사회입니다.

It is a society where bad trends are rampant.

풍조 (trend/tendency).

나쁜 인연은 빨리 끊는 것이 좋습니다.

It is better to quickly cut off bad ties/relationships.

인연 (tie/connection).

よく使う組み合わせ

기분이 나쁘다

머리가 나쁘다

사이가 나쁘다

건강에 나쁘다

날씨가 나쁘다

눈이 나쁘다

성격이 나쁘다

습관이 나쁘다

질이 나쁘다

형편이 나쁘다

よく使うフレーズ

나쁜 짓

— A bad deed or act. Often used when scolding children.

나쁜 짓을 하면 안 돼요.

나쁜 꿈

— A nightmare or a bad dream.

어제 나쁜 꿈을 꿨어요.

나쁜 소식

— Bad news.

나쁜 소식을 들어서 슬퍼요.

나쁜 영향

— A bad influence or negative effect.

아이에게 나쁜 영향을 줘요.

운이 나쁘다

— To be unlucky.

오늘은 운이 참 나쁘네요.

기억력이 나쁘다

— To have a bad memory.

나이가 들어서 기억력이 나빠졌어요.

전망이 나쁘다

— To have a bad outlook or prospect.

경제 전망이 나빠요.

평판이 나쁘다

— To have a bad reputation.

그 가게는 평판이 나빠요.

사이가 나빠지다

— To have a relationship turn bad.

오해 때문에 사이가 나빠졌어요.

기분 나쁘게 듣지 마라

— Don't take this the wrong way / Don't be offended.

기분 나쁘게 듣지 말고 내 말 좀 들어봐.

よく混同される語

나쁘다 vs 안 좋다

Often used interchangeably, but '안 좋다' is softer and more polite.

나쁘다 vs 못하다

Used for lack of skill, while '나쁘다' is for quality or morality.

나쁘다 vs 싫다

Means 'to dislike' or 'to be unpleasant', while '나쁘다' is 'bad'.

慣用句と表現

"머리가 나쁘면 몸이 고생한다"

— If you are not smart, your body has to work harder (due to mistakes).

계획을 잘 세워야지, 머리가 나쁘면 몸이 고생해.

Informal

"입이 나쁘다"

— To have a foul mouth or speak harshly.

그는 입이 나빠서 욕을 잘 해요.

Neutral

"손버릇이 나쁘다"

— To have a habit of stealing or hitting people.

그 아이는 손버릇이 나빠서 걱정이에요.

Neutral

"잠버릇이 나쁘다"

— To have bad sleeping habits (tossing and turning).

저는 잠버릇이 나빠서 침대에서 떨어져요.

Informal

"술버릇이 나쁘다"

— To have bad habits when drunk (getting angry, crying, etc.).

그는 술버릇이 나빠서 같이 술 마시기 싫어요.

Neutral

"눈꼴이 나쁘다"

— To be disgusting or offensive to look at.

그들의 행동은 정말 눈꼴이 나빠요.

Informal

"심보가 나쁘다"

— To have a wicked or mean heart/mindset.

심보가 나쁜 사람은 결국 벌을 받아요.

Neutral

"끝이 나쁘다"

— To have a bad ending or result.

시작은 좋았으나 끝이 나빴어요.

Neutral

"사이가 나쁘다"

— To be on bad terms.

형제끼리 사이가 나쁘면 안 돼요.

Neutral

"운수가 나쁘다"

— To have very bad luck (often related to fate).

올해는 운수가 나쁜 것 같아요.

Neutral

間違えやすい

나쁘다 vs 나쁘다

General 'bad'.

Describes a state or quality of being bad.

날씨가 나빠요.

나쁘다 vs 못하다

Often translated as 'bad at'.

Refers to lack of ability or being inferior in skill.

노래를 못해요.

나쁘다 vs 서툴다

Means 'unskilled'.

Refers to being clumsy or inexperienced.

운전이 서툴러요.

나쁘다 vs 해롭다

Means 'bad for you'.

Specifically means harmful to health or a situation.

담배는 해로워요.

나쁘다 vs 별로다

Means 'not that good'.

A more casual way to say something is underwhelming.

그 영화는 별로예요.

文型パターン

N이/가 나빠요.

날씨가 나빠요.

나쁜 N

나쁜 사람

N이/가 나빠서...

기분이 나빠서 집에 갔어요.

N이/가 나빠졌어요.

건강이 나빠졌어요.

나쁘게 V

나쁘게 보지 마세요.

N에 나쁜 영향을 주다

아이에게 나쁜 영향을 줘요.

N이/가 나쁜 평가를 받다

그 영화는 나쁜 평가를 받았어요.

나쁜 관행을 타파하다

우리는 나쁜 관행을 타파해야 합니다.

語族

名詞

나쁨 (badness/the state of being bad)

動詞

나빠지다 (to become bad/worsen)

形容詞

나쁘다 (bad)

使い方

frequency

Extremely high in daily life, media, and literature.

よくある間違い

나쁘어요 → 나빠요
This is an 'ㅡ' irregular adjective. The 'ㅡ' must be dropped.
맛이 나빠요 → 맛이 없어요
'나쁘다' is too strong for food taste. Use '맛없다' for 'tastes bad'.
한국어를 나빠요 → 한국어를 못해요
Use '못하다' for lack of skill, not '나쁘다'.
기분이 나빠요 (when sick) → 몸이 안 좋아요
'기분이 나쁘다' refers to mood or being offended, not physical illness.
나쁜 해요 → 나빠요
Adjectives are conjugated directly, they don't use '해요' like '공부해요'.

ヒント

Conjugation Rule

Remember: 나쁘 + 아요 = 나빠요. The 'ㅡ' disappears because of the 'ㅏ' in '나'.

Politeness

Use '안 좋아요' when talking to superiors about something negative to be more tactful.

Eyesight

Koreans always use '나쁘다' for bad eyesight, never '못하다'.

Mood vs Health

Don't confuse '기분이 나쁘다' (mood) with '몸이 나쁘다' (health). '몸이 안 좋다' is more common for health.

Head/Brain

'머리가 나쁘다' is common in dramas but use '공부를 못하다' for students in real life.

Noun Modifying

Use '나쁜' to describe nouns. Example: '나쁜 소식' (bad news).

Fine Dust

When you hear '미세먼지 나쁨' on the news, it's time to wear a mask!

Harmful

Use '해롭다' for things like smoking or junk food instead of just '나쁘다'.

Character

The opposite of a '나쁜 사람' is a '착한 사람' (kind person).

Drama Villains

Villains are often called '나쁜 놈' (bad guy/jerk) in informal speech.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'NAP' that was 'BAD' because it was too short. 'NAP-peu-da' sounds like 'Nap was bad'.

視覚的連想

Imagine a red 'X' mark over a person or a dark storm cloud over a house to represent the general negativity of '나쁘다'.

Word Web

Bad Evil Poor quality Unhealthy Unlucky Offended Mean Worse

チャレンジ

Try to use '나쁘다' in three different ways today: describe the weather, your mood, and a bad habit.

語源

The word '나쁘다' has evolved from Middle Korean '나쁘다'. Historically, it was related to the concept of being 'insufficient' or 'lacking'.

元の意味： Originally, it carried a sense of being 'short' or 'not enough', which eventually shifted to 'not good' or 'bad'.

Koreanic

文化的な背景

Avoid using '머리가 나쁘다' (unintelligent) or '성격이 나쁘다' (bad personality) directly to someone as it is highly offensive.

English speakers use 'bad' very casually ('My bad', 'Not bad'). In Korean, '나쁘다' is rarely used for 'My bad' (use '제 잘못이에요') or 'Not bad' (use '괜찮아요').

The song 'Bad Boy' by Red Velvet (uses '나쁜' in the lyrics). The K-Drama 'Bad Guys' (나쁜 녀석들). Common villain trope '나쁜 놈' in action movies.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Weather

날씨가 나빠요
공기가 나빠요
미세먼지가 나빠요
기상 조건이 나빠요

Health

눈이 나빠요
건강이 나빠요
기억력이 나빠요
몸 상태가 나빠요

Morality

나쁜 사람
나쁜 짓
나쁜 의도
성격이 나빠요

Relationships

사이가 나빠요
평판이 나빠요
나쁜 친구
나쁜 영향

Economy

경기가 나빠요
형편이 나빠요
전망이 나빠요
조건이 나빠요

会話のきっかけ

"오늘 날씨가 너무 나쁘지 않아요?"

"요즘 공기가 너무 나빠서 걱정이에요."

"기분이 나빠 보이는데 무슨 일 있어요?"

"나쁜 습관을 고치고 싶은데 어떻게 할까요?"

"그 영화 평판이 나쁘던데 보셨어요?"

日記のテーマ

오늘 기분이 나빴던 순간이 있었나요? 왜 그랬는지 써 보세요.

자신이 고치고 싶은 나쁜 습관 세 가지를 적어 보세요.

최근에 본 나쁜 영화나 책에 대해 설명해 보세요.

건강에 나쁜 음식은 무엇이라고 생각하나요?

사이가 나빴던 사람과 화해한 경험이 있나요?

よくある質問

10 問

It is better to use '맛없다' (tasteless) or '맛이 별로예요'. '맛이 나쁘다' sounds like the food is spoiled or morally wrong.

'나빠요' is a direct 'It's bad'. '안 좋아요' is 'It's not good'. '안 좋아요' is generally preferred in polite social situations to soften the blow.

You say '눈이 나빠요' or '시력이 나빠요'.

Yes, it can be very offensive as it directly calls someone unintelligent. Use it only with very close friends in a joking way, or avoid it.

It becomes '나빴어요' (polite) or '나빴습니다' (formal).

Yes, in the context of a person's character or a '나쁜 짓' (bad deed), it can mean evil or wicked.

The adverb form is '나쁘게', meaning 'badly'.

If you mean mood, use '기분이 나빠요'. If you mean health, use '몸이 안 좋아요'.

Yes, it is an 'ㅡ' irregular adjective. The 'ㅡ' drops when followed by '아/어'.

The primary opposite is '좋다' (good).

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