Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of shifting focus to actions and results for sophisticated Portuguese communication.
- Construct formal sentences using the 'ser' + past participle structure.
- Identify and use the common 'se' passive found in advertisements and news.
- Differentiate between passive and impersonal statements to ensure perfect verb agreement.
배울 내용
Ready to make your Portuguese sound truly authentic and sophisticated? This chapter is your gateway to mastering the passive voice, a crucial structure that lets you emphasize actions and results over the person performing them. It's how native speakers convey precision and formality, and you'll find it everywhere from news articles to everyday conversation.
We'll start with the classic ser + past participle construction, learning how to shift the spotlight to the object of the action, ensuring your participles always agree! Then, you'll discover how to gracefully introduce the 'doer' of the action using por (think pelo/pela) when necessary, all while maintaining the passive emphasis.
But the real star of this chapter is the versatile se passive (Voz Passiva Sintética). This is incredibly common in Portuguese, and you'll learn its secrets, especially how the verb must agree in number with the noun being acted upon. Get ready to understand signs like Vendem-se casas (Houses are sold) with perfect clarity. Finally, we'll tackle the subtle but important distinction between the passive se and the impersonal se, so you'll always know when to make your verb plural and when to keep it singular.
By the end of this chapter, you won't just be learning rules; you'll be able to express yourself with greater nuance and sound incredibly natural. You'll comfortably read headlines like
A ponte foi construída(The bridge was built) and understand nuanced impersonal statements. Get ready to elevate your Portuguese to a truly upper-intermediate level!
-
포르투갈어 수동태: 동작에 집중하기 (Voz Passiva)문장의 초점을 대상에게 옮기고 싶다면
ser와 주어에 맞춘 «과거분사»를 활용해 보세요. 비즈니스 환경에서 훨씬 «전문적인 느낌»을 줄 수 있습니다. -
수동태: 행동을 강조할 때 (`Voz Passiva`)행동을 한 사람보다 결과를 더 돋보이게 하고 싶을 때
ser나se를 활용해 보세요. -
수동태 만들기 (Ser + 분사)행동의 대상을 강조하고 싶을 때
Ser와 «과거분사»를 활용해 보세요. 분사의 «성/수 일치»와 행위자를 나타내는por조합이 핵심이에요. -
수동태: '~에 의해'(pelo/pela)를 사용한 행위자 소개행위자를 나타내는
por(pelo/pela)를 쓸 때는 과거분사가 주어의 성별과 수에 맞는지 꼭 확인하세요!pelo,pela, «성수 일치»가 가장 중요해요. -
포르투갈어 수동태 행위자 (Agente da Passiva)수동태 행위자는
por를 사용해 행동의 주체를 나타내면서도, 문장의 초점은 결과에 두는 아주 세련된 표현이에요.pelo,pela,de를 상황에 맞춰 골라 써보세요! -
'se'를 사용한 수동태 (Voz Passiva Sintética)명사가 왕이라는 사실만 기억하세요! 명사가 복수면 동사도 복수로 맞춰주는
Vende-se와Vendem-se가 핵심이에요. -
'Se' 수동태 (Vendem-se casas)핵심은 동사 뒤에 붙는 명사의 개수에 맞춰 동사를 단수나 복수로 변신시키는 거예요! «수 일치», «se 수동태», «격식 있는 표현»
-
수동태 vs. 비인칭 'se' (Partícula Apassivadora e Impessoal)Use 'se' for passive agreement with nouns, but keep it singular when followed by a preposition.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
-
1
By the end you will be able to transform active sentences into the analytical passive voice with correct participle agreement.
-
2
By the end you will be able to identify the agent of the action using the correct contractions of 'por'.
-
3
By the end you will be able to use the 'se' passive (sintética) and ensure the verb agrees with the patient noun.
-
4
By the end you will be able to distinguish between 'se' as a passive marker and 'se' as an impersonal subject.
챕터 가이드
Overview
A ponte foi construída(The bridge was built) and understand nuanced impersonal statements, equipping you with essential skills for upper-intermediate Portuguese language learning.
How This Grammar Works
O João escreveu o livro(João wrote the book), you'd say
O livro foi escrito pelo João(The book was written by João).
A decisão foi tomada pelos diretores(The decision was made by the directors).
Vendem-se casas(Houses are sold – plural verb for plural 'houses'), and
Aluga-se apartamento(An apartment is rented – singular verb for singular 'apartment'). This is precisely the 'Se' Passive Voice (Vendem-se casas) you'll see everywhere.
Comem-se bem aqui- One eats well here, or People eat well here). Recognizing this difference is a hallmark of advanced Portuguese grammar.
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong:
A porta foi aberto.
(The door was opened.)
A porta foi aberta.(The door was opened.)
A porta is feminine singular, so the participle must be aberta, not aberto.- 1✗ Wrong:
Vende-se casas.(Houses are sold.)
Vendem-se casas. (Houses are sold.)casas) is plural, the verb must also be plural. Casas is plural, so the verb should be vendem-se, not vende-se.- 1✗ Wrong:
A comida foi preparado por mim.
(The food was prepared by me.)
A comida foi preparada por mim.(The food was prepared by me.)
preparado must agree with A comida (feminine singular), becoming preparada.
Real Conversations
A
O novo projeto foi aprovado pela diretoria?(Was the new project approved by the board?)
B
Sim, foi aprovado ontem à tarde, depois de muita discussão.(Yes, it was approved yesterday afternoon, after much discussion.)
A
Onde se compram bilhetes para o concerto?(Where are tickets bought for the concert?)
B
Vendem-se bilhetes online ou na bilheteria do teatro.(Tickets are sold online or at the theater box office.)
A
Os erros foram corrigidos no relatório final?(Were the errors corrected in the final report?)
B
Sim, foram todos corrigidos pela equipe de revisão.(Yes, they were all corrected by the review team.)
Quick FAQ
What's the main difference between Voz Passiva Analítica and Voz Passiva Sintética in Portuguese grammar?
The Voz Passiva Analítica uses ser + past participle (e.g.,
O livro foi escrito), while the Voz Passiva Sintética uses a verb with the particle se (e.g.,
Escreve-se o livro).
How do I know when to use pelo or por with the agent in the passive voice?
You use pelo/pela/pelos/pelas (contractions of por + definite article) when the agent is specific and defined (e.g., pela equipe). You use por alone when the agent is general, indefinite, or not accompanied by an article (e.g., por sorte).
Can I always use the se passive in Portuguese?
No, the se passive is typically used with transitive verbs that have a direct object. It's less common with verbs that express states or verbs that are inherently intransitive. It's also more common in formal or impersonal contexts.
How can I quickly distinguish between passive se and impersonal se?
If the verb *can* agree in number with the noun that follows it (i.e., if that noun is plural and the verb can also be plural), it's likely a passive se. If the verb *always* stays singular, even with a plural concept, it's an impersonal se. (e.g., Comem-se maçãs vs. Come-se bem aqui).
Cultural Context
Aluga-se(For Rent) or
Proíbem-se cães(Dogs are forbidden) everywhere. It's a hallmark of formal writing, news articles, and official announcements, lending an air of objectivity and professionalism.
se passive) is often preferred for its conciseness and natural flow, making it essential for any B2 Portuguese speaker aiming for authentic expression.주요 예문 (2)
Vende-se este apartamento moderno.
This modern apartment is for sale.
수동태 vs. 비인칭 'se' (Partícula Apassivadora e Impessoal)Vendem-se ingressos para o festival.
Tickets for the festival are being sold.
수동태 vs. 비인칭 'se' (Partícula Apassivadora e Impessoal)팁과 요령 (4)
성수 일치의 함정
comida라면 foi feito가 아니라 반드시 foi feita라고 해야 해요. B2 단계에서 가장 자주 하는 실수랍니다! A comida foi feita.
성수 일치는 필수!
As meninas foram convidadas.가 되어야 해요.
'나에 의해' 테스트
por mim을 붙였을 때 문장이 자연스럽다면 수동태가 맞아요! 예를 들어 A porta foi aberta... por mim.처럼요.
성수 일치의 함정
As pizzas foram comidas.라고 해야 하죠.
핵심 어휘 (6)
Real-World Preview
Reading the News
Walking through Lisbon
Review Summary
- [Subject] + [Ser] + [Past Participle (agrees with subject)]
- [Passive Sentence] + [por + article] + [Agent]
- [Verb 3rd person] + [se] + [Subject]
- [Verb 3rd person singular] + [se] + [Preposition/Adverb]
자주 하는 실수
In the analytical passive, the past participle acts like an adjective and must agree in gender and number with the subject.
In the 'se' passive, 'quartos' is the subject. Since 'quartos' is plural, the verb 'alugar' must be plural.
To introduce the agent of the passive, use the preposition 'por' (pelo/pela), not 'para'.
이 챕터의 규칙 (8)
Next Steps
You've just added a major layer of sophistication to your Portuguese. Mastering the passive voice is a huge step toward fluency. Keep practicing those 'se' agreements!
Read a Brazilian news article and highlight all 'ser + participle' forms.
Look at online real estate listings (e.g., OLX Portugal) and find examples of 'Vende-se' or 'Aluga-se'.
빠른 연습 (10)
Find and fix the mistake:
Precisa-se de voluntários com urgência.
se 구조를 가집니다. 따라서 항상 단수형을 유지해야 하므로 원래 문장이 맞습니다.frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'se'를 사용한 수동태 (Voz Passiva Sintética)
Arrange these words: [pela, foi, A, polícia, investigada, fraude]
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 수동태 행위자 (Agente da Passiva)
Arrange: [pelo] [vencido] [foi] [O] [atleta] [jogo]
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동태: 행동을 강조할 때 (`Voz Passiva`)
As mensagens foram enviado pelo sistema.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 수동태 행위자 (Agente da Passiva)
A carta _______ (enviar) ontem.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동태: 행동을 강조할 때 (`Voz Passiva`)
O projeto foi finalizado ___ equipe de marketing.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 포르투갈어 수동태 행위자 (Agente da Passiva)
배열: [pelo] [O] [bolo] [comido] [foi] [menino]
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동태: '~에 의해'(pelo/pela)를 사용한 행위자 소개
Nesta loja, _______-se produtos importados.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'se'를 사용한 수동태 (Voz Passiva Sintética)
A carta foi enviada ___ (por + a) diretora.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동태: '~에 의해'(pelo/pela)를 사용한 행위자 소개
Find and fix the mistake:
Precisa-se de funcionários.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동태 vs. 비인칭 'se' (Partícula Apassivadora e Impessoal)
Score: /10
자주 묻는 질문 (6)
O bolo foi feito pela Maria.
Vende-se esta casa.O rato foi comido.라고 하면 쥐가 먹혔다는 사실이 제일 중요해지는 거죠.
A loja foi aberta.처럼 결과만 말하고 싶을 때 딱이죠.
O bolo foi comido(케이크가 먹혔다)처럼 표현하는 거죠.
ser (이다) 동사를 보조 동사로 쓰고, 그 뒤에 메인 동사의 과거분사를 붙여서 만들어요.
