Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of shifting focus to actions and results for sophisticated Portuguese communication.
- Construct formal sentences using the 'ser' + past participle structure.
- Identify and use the common 'se' passive found in advertisements and news.
- Differentiate between passive and impersonal statements to ensure perfect verb agreement.
你将学到什么
Ready to make your Portuguese sound truly authentic and sophisticated? This chapter is your gateway to mastering the passive voice, a crucial structure that lets you emphasize actions and results over the person performing them. It's how native speakers convey precision and formality, and you'll find it everywhere from news articles to everyday conversation.
We'll start with the classic ser + past participle construction, learning how to shift the spotlight to the object of the action, ensuring your participles always agree! Then, you'll discover how to gracefully introduce the 'doer' of the action using por (think pelo/pela) when necessary, all while maintaining the passive emphasis.
But the real star of this chapter is the versatile se passive (Voz Passiva Sintética). This is incredibly common in Portuguese, and you'll learn its secrets, especially how the verb must agree in number with the noun being acted upon. Get ready to understand signs like Vendem-se casas (Houses are sold) with perfect clarity. Finally, we'll tackle the subtle but important distinction between the passive se and the impersonal se, so you'll always know when to make your verb plural and when to keep it singular.
By the end of this chapter, you won't just be learning rules; you'll be able to express yourself with greater nuance and sound incredibly natural. You'll comfortably read headlines like
A ponte foi construída(The bridge was built) and understand nuanced impersonal statements. Get ready to elevate your Portuguese to a truly upper-intermediate level!
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葡萄牙语被动语态：侧重于动作 (Voz Passiva)想要听起来更专业？把焦点转移到动作的承受者身上吧！记住这三个法宝：
ser加上匹配的particípio passado，或者直接用万能的se。 -
被动语态：聚焦动作本身 (`Voz Passiva`)掌握被动语态的秘诀在于使用
ser或se来强调动作的“结果”，而不是谁做了这件事。看，就这么简单！ -
形成被动语态 (Ser + 分词)想要强调动作的承受者？用
ser加上过去分词就搞定啦！别忘了分词要像变色龙一样，跟着新主语改变gênero（阴阳性）和número（单复数）。 -
被动语态：使用“由”(pelo/pela) 引入执行者Introduce agents using
por(pelo/pela) while ensuring the past participle matches the subject's gender and number. -
葡萄牙语被动语态代理 (Agente da Passiva)使用“被动语态施事者”能让你在强调动作结果的同时，自然地交代“是谁干的”。记住两个核心锦囊：
por是通用款，de则是感情动词的专属搭配。 -
使用'se'的被动语态 (Voz Passiva Sintética)The noun is the boss: if it's plural, the verb must be plural too.
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'Se' 被动语态 (Vendem-se casas)核心秘诀就是：动词必须和后面“被动”的名词在数量上保持一致，记住
Vende-se对应单数，Vendem-se对应复数。 -
被动语态 vs. 无人称 'se' (Partícula Apassivadora e Impessoal)记住这个黄金法则：当
se遇到名词时，动词要跟着变复数（被动）；但如果后面跟着de等介词，动词就永远保持单数（无人称）。看，就这么简单！
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to transform active sentences into the analytical passive voice with correct participle agreement.
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2
By the end you will be able to identify the agent of the action using the correct contractions of 'por'.
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3
By the end you will be able to use the 'se' passive (sintética) and ensure the verb agrees with the patient noun.
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4
By the end you will be able to distinguish between 'se' as a passive marker and 'se' as an impersonal subject.
章节指南
Overview
A ponte foi construída(The bridge was built) and understand nuanced impersonal statements, equipping you with essential skills for upper-intermediate Portuguese language learning.
How This Grammar Works
O João escreveu o livro(João wrote the book), you'd say
O livro foi escrito pelo João(The book was written by João).
A decisão foi tomada pelos diretores(The decision was made by the directors).
Vendem-se casas(Houses are sold – plural verb for plural 'houses'), and
Aluga-se apartamento(An apartment is rented – singular verb for singular 'apartment'). This is precisely the 'Se' Passive Voice (Vendem-se casas) you'll see everywhere.
Comem-se bem aqui- One eats well here, or People eat well here). Recognizing this difference is a hallmark of advanced Portuguese grammar.
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong:
A porta foi aberto.
(The door was opened.)
A porta foi aberta.(The door was opened.)
A porta is feminine singular, so the participle must be aberta, not aberto.- 1✗ Wrong:
Vende-se casas.(Houses are sold.)
Vendem-se casas. (Houses are sold.)casas) is plural, the verb must also be plural. Casas is plural, so the verb should be vendem-se, not vende-se.- 1✗ Wrong:
A comida foi preparado por mim.
(The food was prepared by me.)
A comida foi preparada por mim.(The food was prepared by me.)
preparado must agree with A comida (feminine singular), becoming preparada.
Real Conversations
A
O novo projeto foi aprovado pela diretoria?(Was the new project approved by the board?)
B
Sim, foi aprovado ontem à tarde, depois de muita discussão.(Yes, it was approved yesterday afternoon, after much discussion.)
A
Onde se compram bilhetes para o concerto?(Where are tickets bought for the concert?)
B
Vendem-se bilhetes online ou na bilheteria do teatro.(Tickets are sold online or at the theater box office.)
A
Os erros foram corrigidos no relatório final?(Were the errors corrected in the final report?)
B
Sim, foram todos corrigidos pela equipe de revisão.(Yes, they were all corrected by the review team.)
Quick FAQ
What's the main difference between Voz Passiva Analítica and Voz Passiva Sintética in Portuguese grammar?
The Voz Passiva Analítica uses ser + past participle (e.g.,
O livro foi escrito), while the Voz Passiva Sintética uses a verb with the particle se (e.g.,
Escreve-se o livro).
How do I know when to use pelo or por with the agent in the passive voice?
You use pelo/pela/pelos/pelas (contractions of por + definite article) when the agent is specific and defined (e.g., pela equipe). You use por alone when the agent is general, indefinite, or not accompanied by an article (e.g., por sorte).
Can I always use the se passive in Portuguese?
No, the se passive is typically used with transitive verbs that have a direct object. It's less common with verbs that express states or verbs that are inherently intransitive. It's also more common in formal or impersonal contexts.
How can I quickly distinguish between passive se and impersonal se?
If the verb *can* agree in number with the noun that follows it (i.e., if that noun is plural and the verb can also be plural), it's likely a passive se. If the verb *always* stays singular, even with a plural concept, it's an impersonal se. (e.g., Comem-se maçãs vs. Come-se bem aqui).
Cultural Context
Aluga-se(For Rent) or
Proíbem-se cães(Dogs are forbidden) everywhere. It's a hallmark of formal writing, news articles, and official announcements, lending an air of objectivity and professionalism.
se passive) is often preferred for its conciseness and natural flow, making it essential for any B2 Portuguese speaker aiming for authentic expression.关键例句 (8)
O vídeo foi editado pelo editor profissional.
The video was edited by the professional editor.
被动语态：使用“由”(pelo/pela) 引入执行者A música foi composta pela cantora famosa.
The song was composed by the famous singer.
被动语态：使用“由”(pelo/pela) 引入执行者技巧与窍门 (4)
词尾一致性陷阱
A comida foi feita，绝对不能用 feito。这是B2阶段最容易踩的坑！
词尾一致性是王道
As meninas foram convidadas para a festa.
“被我”测试法
por mim（被我）而且句子读得通，那就是被动语态啦！比如：A porta foi aberta por mim.（完全没问题！）
Check Agreement
核心词汇 (6)
Real-World Preview
Reading the News
Walking through Lisbon
Review Summary
- [Subject] + [Ser] + [Past Participle (agrees with subject)]
- [Passive Sentence] + [por + article] + [Agent]
- [Verb 3rd person] + [se] + [Subject]
- [Verb 3rd person singular] + [se] + [Preposition/Adverb]
常见错误
In the analytical passive, the past participle acts like an adjective and must agree in gender and number with the subject.
In the 'se' passive, 'quartos' is the subject. Since 'quartos' is plural, the verb 'alugar' must be plural.
To introduce the agent of the passive, use the preposition 'por' (pelo/pela), not 'para'.
本章规则 (8)
Next Steps
You've just added a major layer of sophistication to your Portuguese. Mastering the passive voice is a huge step toward fluency. Keep practicing those 'se' agreements!
Read a Brazilian news article and highlight all 'ser + participle' forms.
Look at online real estate listings (e.g., OLX Portugal) and find examples of 'Vende-se' or 'Aluga-se'.
快速练习 (10)
O projeto foi finalizado ___ equipe de marketing.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 葡萄牙语被动语态代理 (Agente da Passiva)
Which is correct?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 使用'se'的被动语态 (Voz Passiva Sintética)
Find and fix the mistake:
A casa foi pintado pelo pintor.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 被动语态：使用“由”(pelo/pela) 引入执行者
Find and fix the mistake:
Acreditam-se em milagres nesta igreja.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 被动语态 vs. 无人称 'se' (Partícula Apassivadora e Impessoal)
___-se casas aqui. (Vender)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 使用'se'的被动语态 (Voz Passiva Sintética)
Which is correct?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 被动语态：使用“由”(pelo/pela) 引入执行者
Vende-se casas de luxo na praia.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Se' 被动语态 (Vendem-se casas)
___-se casas nesta rua. (Vender)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 被动语态 vs. 无人称 'se' (Partícula Apassivadora e Impessoal)
Find and fix the mistake:
Vende-se casas nesta rua.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 被动语态：聚焦动作本身 (`Voz Passiva`)
A carta _______ (enviar) ontem.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 被动语态：聚焦动作本身 (`Voz Passiva`)
Score: /10
常见问题 (6)
por (pelo/pela) 来引出它。se 的综合被动语态。比如：Vende-se carro. 如果是具体的、已完成的动作，且你想指出是谁做的，就用 ser。A maçã foi comida.（苹果被吃了）。
O banco foi roubado.
O bolo foi comido（蛋糕被吃了）代替“某人吃了蛋糕”。
ser（是）作为助动词，后面加上主要动词的过去分词。比如：O carro foi lavado.
