통과하다 em 30 segundos
- To pass through a place or barrier.
- Used for borders, checkpoints, tunnels, and exams.
- Can also be used passively for approvals (e.g., laws).
- Key verb for travel and administrative contexts.
The Korean verb 통과하다 (tong-gwa-ha-da) is a versatile word that means 'to pass through,' 'to go through,' or 'to get through.' It's used when someone or something moves from one side of a boundary, barrier, or area to the other. This can be a physical space, like a gate or a tunnel, or it can refer to more abstract concepts like passing a test or a bill through a legislative body. In everyday conversation, you'll most commonly hear it in contexts related to travel, security checks, or overcoming obstacles.
- Literal Meaning
- The hanja characters behind 통과하다 are 通 (tong, to pass) and 過 (gwa, to pass, to go over). So, it literally means 'to pass and go over'.
- Common Scenarios
- Imagine you are traveling. You might need to 통과하다 immigration at the airport, or a security checkpoint at a train station. If you are driving, you might 통과하다 a toll booth or a tunnel. In a more abstract sense, a student might 통과하다 an exam, meaning they passed it successfully. A government might pass a new law, which is also described as 통과하다.
- Nuance
- While it often implies a successful passage, it can also simply describe the act of moving through. The context usually clarifies whether there was any difficulty or success involved. For example, 'The car passed through the gate' is a neutral statement, but 'I finally passed the difficult exam' implies overcoming a challenge.
저는 국경을 통과했습니다.
이 법안이 빨리 통과되기를 바랍니다.
Understanding the context is key to grasping the full meaning of 통과하다. It's a fundamental verb for describing movement across boundaries and the successful completion of certain processes.
Using 통과하다 correctly involves understanding its grammatical structure and the common sentence patterns it fits into. As a verb, it conjugates like other Korean verbs. The most common forms you'll encounter are the plain past tense (통과했다), the polite present tense (통과해요), and the formal present tense (통과합니다).
- Basic Structure
- The typical sentence structure is: [Subject] + [Object/Location] + 을/를 + 통과하다. The object or location is what is being passed through, and it's usually marked with the object particle 을/를.
- Examples with Different Tenses
- Past Tense: 공항에서 세관을 통과했어요. (Gonghang-eseo segwan-eul tong-gwa-haess-eo-yo.) - I passed through customs at the airport.
- Present Tense (Polite): 이 복도를 통과하면 회의실이 나옵니다. (I bokdo-reul tong-gwa-ha-myeon hoeui-sil-i na-om-ni-da.) - If you pass through this corridor, you'll find the conference room.
- Future Tense: 내일 아침 일찍 국경을 통과할 예정입니다. (Nae-il achim iljjik gukgyeong-eul tong-gwa-hal ye-jeong-im-ni-da.) - We plan to pass through the border early tomorrow morning.
- Passive Voice (통과되다)
- Sometimes, the focus is on the thing that is passed, rather than the entity doing the passing. In these cases, the passive form 통과되다 (tong-gwa-doe-da) is used, meaning 'to be passed' or 'to be approved'. This is common for laws, proposals, or tickets.
아이들이 울타리를 통과했습니다.
그 법안은 의회에서 통과되었습니다.
Practice constructing sentences with various subjects and objects to get comfortable with the different ways 통과하다 can be used. Remember to pay attention to the particles and verb endings!
You'll encounter 통과하다 in a variety of real-life situations, especially in contexts involving movement, obstacles, and approvals. Listening to native speakers in these scenarios will significantly improve your understanding.
- Travel and Transportation
- This is perhaps the most common area. Think about announcements at airports or train stations: 'Please have your tickets ready to 통과하다 the gate.' Or when describing crossing a border: 'We successfully 통과했습니다 immigration.' Even driving through a tunnel or a toll booth uses this verb.
- Security Checks
- At concerts, sporting events, or any venue with security, you'll hear about needing to 통과하다 security screening. '모든 방문객은 보안 검색대를 통과해야 합니다.' (All visitors must pass through the security check.)
- Bureaucracy and Official Procedures
- When discussing official matters, especially the approval of documents, laws, or proposals, the passive form 통과되다 is very common. News reports often state: '새로운 정책이 국회에서 통과되었다.' (The new policy was passed by the National Assembly.)
- Exams and Tests
- Students and educators use this when referring to passing exams. '그는 어려운 시험을 통과했다.' (He passed the difficult exam.) This implies successfully meeting the requirements.
- Everyday Obstacles
- Even in less formal contexts, it can describe getting through a difficult situation or a physical barrier. '좁은 골목길을 통과하는 것이 힘들었다.' (It was difficult to pass through the narrow alley.)
기차표를 보여주고 개찰구를 통과하세요.
그 제안은 위원회에서 통과되지 못했습니다.
Actively look for this word in Korean dramas, news reports, travel vlogs, and conversations. The more exposure you have, the more natural it will feel.
Learners sometimes make mistakes with 통과하다, often by confusing it with similar-sounding words or using it in contexts where another verb would be more appropriate. Here are some common pitfalls to watch out for.
- Confusing with '지나가다' (to pass by)
- 지나가다 means to pass by something without stopping, or to simply go past. 통과하다 implies passing through an area or barrier. For example, 'The car passed by the house' would use 지나가다 (차가 집을 지나갔다), but 'The car passed through the gate' uses 통과하다 (차가 문을 통과했다).
- Incorrect Use of Passive Form
- As mentioned, 통과되다 is the passive form, meaning 'to be passed' or 'to be approved'. Learners might incorrectly use the active form 통과하다 when they mean something has been approved. For instance, saying 'The law passed' should be '그 법이 통과되었다', not '그 법이 통과했다'.
- Using '통과하다' for Abstract 'Getting Through' a Situation
- While 통과하다 can be used for passing exams or difficult periods, it's not a general verb for 'getting through' any hardship. For more general difficulties, verbs like '극복하다' (to overcome) or '견디다' (to endure) might be more suitable depending on the nuance. For example, 'I got through a tough time' might be better expressed as '힘든 시기를 극복했어요' rather than '힘든 시기를 통과했어요'.
- Overusing it for Simple Movement
- If you are simply moving from point A to point B without crossing a significant boundary or barrier, other verbs like '가다' (to go) or '이동하다' (to move) are more appropriate. 통과하다 specifically implies traversing something.
Mistake: 그는 길을 통과했어요.
Correct: 그는 길을 따라갔어요.
Mistake: 제 건의안이 통과했어요.
Correct: 제 건의안이 통과되었어요.
By being aware of these common errors, you can use 통과하다 more accurately and sound more natural to native Korean speakers.
While 통과하다 is a primary verb for passing through, Korean offers other words that might be used in similar contexts, each with subtle differences in meaning or usage. Understanding these distinctions will help you choose the most precise word.
- 지나가다 (ji-na-ga-da) - To pass by, to go past
- 통과하다 vs. 지나가다: This is the most frequent point of confusion. 지나가다 implies movement alongside or past an object or location without necessarily entering or traversing it. 통과하다 implies entering and exiting from the other side of a boundary or area.
Example for 지나가다: 버스가 신호등 앞에서 멈췄다가 다시 지나갔습니다. (The bus stopped at the traffic light and then passed again.)
Example for 통과하다: 우리는 검문소를 통과해야 했습니다. (We had to pass through the checkpoint.) - 벗어나다 (beo-seo-na-da) - To get out of, to escape from, to deviate from
- 통과하다 vs. 벗어나다: 벗어나다 is used when leaving a confined space, a situation, or a rule. It's about breaking free or moving away from something. 통과하다 is about moving through a defined passage.
Example for 벗어나다: 그는 위험한 지역에서 벗어났습니다. (He got out of the dangerous area.)
Example for 통과하다: 비행기가 구름층을 통과했습니다. (The airplane passed through the cloud layer.) - 합격하다 (hap-gyeok-ha-da) - To pass (an exam, a test)
- 통과하다 vs. 합격하다: While 통과하다 can be used for passing an exam, 합격하다 is more specific and commonly used for successfully passing a test, competition, or entrance exam. 통과하다 is broader and can apply to physical passage.
Example for 합격하다: 그녀는 의사 시험에 합격했어요. (She passed the doctor's exam.)
Example for 통과하다: 이 복도를 통과하면 사무실입니다. (If you pass through this corridor, it's the office.) - 승인되다 (seung-in-doe-da) - To be approved
- 통과되다 vs. 승인되다: Both are passive forms used for approvals. 통과되다 is often used for laws, bills, or proposals passed by a legislative body. 승인되다 is a more general term for being approved by an authority, such as a permit, a request, or a budget.
Example for 승인되다: 당신의 휴가 신청이 승인되었습니다. (Your vacation request has been approved.)
Example for 통과되다: 예산안이 국회를 통과했습니다. (The budget bill passed the National Assembly.) - 뚫다 (ttul-da) - To pierce, to break through, to penetrate
- 통과하다 vs. 뚫다: 뚫다 implies breaking through a barrier forcefully or creating an opening where none existed. 통과하다 is a smoother, more expected passage through a defined space.
Example for 뚫다: 군대가 방어선을 뚫었습니다. (The army broke through the defense line.)
Example for 통과하다: 사람들이 좁은 문을 통과했습니다. (People passed through the narrow door.)
The car passed by the house.
The car passed through the gate.
Mastering these distinctions will add precision and nuance to your Korean expression.
How Formal Is It?
Curiosidade
Many Korean verbs related to movement, administration, and abstract concepts are formed using combinations of Hanja characters, like 통과하다. This structure allows for precise meanings but can be challenging for learners unfamiliar with Hanja.
Guia de pronúncia
- Not aspirating the initial 'ㅌ' (t), making it sound like '동과하다' (dong-gwa-ha-da).
- Pronouncing the 'ㅇ' (ng) incorrectly, or omitting it.
- Confusing vowel sounds like 'ㅗ' (o) and 'ㅓ' (eo).
- Pronouncing the 'ㅎ' (h) too strongly or too weakly.
Nível de dificuldade
The basic meaning is straightforward, but understanding its figurative uses and the passive form '통과되다' requires more exposure. Distinguishing it from similar verbs like '지나가다' can also be challenging.
Constructing sentences correctly, especially with particles and appropriate verb endings, is key. Using the passive form and figurative meanings accurately adds to the difficulty.
Pronunciation is manageable, but using the word naturally in various contexts, including figurative ones, requires practice and listening to native speakers.
Recognizing the word in different contexts, especially when spoken quickly or in figurative language, can be challenging. Differentiating it from similar-sounding words is also important.
O que aprender depois
Pré-requisitos
Aprenda a seguir
Avançado
Gramática essencial
Object Particle 을/를
The object that is being passed through is marked with the object particle 을/를. e.g., '나는 문을 통과했다.' (I passed through the door.)
Passive Voice -되다
The passive form '통과되다' is used when the subject is the thing being passed or approved. e.g., '법안이 통과되었다.' (The bill was passed.)
Conditional Sentences
Using '-면' or '-어야/아야' to express conditions related to passing. e.g., '이 시험을 통과해야 졸업할 수 있습니다.' (You can graduate only if you pass this exam.)
Connecting Clauses with -며/-면서
Describing simultaneous actions while passing through something. e.g., '그는 위험을 통과하며 앞으로 나아갔다.' (He moved forward, passing through danger.)
Causative Form -시키다
To cause someone or something to pass. e.g., '경비원이 우리를 통과시켰다.' (The guard let us pass.)
Exemplos por nível
문을 통과해요.
I am passing through the door.
Present tense, polite form (해요).
빨리 통과하세요.
Please pass through quickly.
Imperative, polite form (세요).
우리는 길을 통과했어요.
We passed through the road.
Past tense, polite form (했어요).
이 통로를 통과할 수 있어요?
Can I pass through this passage?
Question form, polite (있어요?).
표를 통과해야 해요.
I have to pass the ticket.
Obligation, polite (해야 해요).
아이들이 울타리를 통과했어요.
The children passed through the fence.
Past tense, polite form (했어요).
보안 검색대를 통과했습니다.
I passed through the security check.
Past tense, formal form (습니다).
저 건물을 통과해서 가세요.
Go passing through that building.
Command, polite (가세요).
여권으로 국경을 통과했어요.
I passed through the border with my passport.
Past tense, polite (했어요). Using instrumental particle '-으로'.
이 터널을 통과하는 데 시간이 얼마나 걸릴까요?
How long will it take to pass through this tunnel?
Question about duration, polite (걸릴까요?).
그 법안은 아직 국회에서 통과되지 않았어요.
That bill has not yet passed the National Assembly.
Passive voice (통과되지 않았어요) for bills.
비행기가 구름층을 통과할 때 흔들렸어요.
The plane shook when it passed through the cloud layer.
Past tense, polite (흔들렸어요), using '-ㄹ 때' for 'when'.
학생들은 시험을 통과해야 졸업할 수 있어요.
Students must pass the exam to graduate.
Expressing necessity and condition (통과해야... 수 있어요).
주차장에서 나와 도로를 통과했습니다.
I came out of the parking lot and passed through the road.
Past tense, formal (했습니다). Describes sequence of actions.
이 검문소를 통과하려면 신분증을 제시해야 합니다.
You must present your ID to pass through this checkpoint.
Formal requirement (제시해야 합니다).
그는 어려운 면접을 통과하고 최종 합격했어요.
He passed the difficult interview and was finally accepted.
Past tense, polite (합격했어요). Shows sequence of passing through an obstacle and succeeding.
세관 검사대를 무사히 통과했습니다.
I passed through the customs inspection point safely.
Past tense, formal (했습니다). '무사히' means safely.
모든 서류가 승인되어야 프로젝트가 통과될 수 있습니다.
The project can pass only if all documents are approved.
Passive voice (승인되어야, 통과될 수 있습니다) for official procedures.
그는 좁은 골목길을 요리조리 통과하며 도망쳤다.
He escaped by skillfully passing through the narrow alley.
Past tense, plain form (도망쳤다). '요리조리' implies skillfully navigating.
정부의 새로운 정책이 의회에서 통과될 전망입니다.
The government's new policy is expected to pass the assembly.
Future passive with expectation (통과될 전망입니다).
이 험난한 산길을 통과하는 것은 쉬운 일이 아니다.
Passing through this rugged mountain path is not an easy task.
Using the gerund form (통과하는 것) as a noun phrase.
면허 시험에 통과하지 못하면 다시 응시해야 합니다.
If you do not pass the license test, you must reapply.
Conditional negative (통과하지 못하면) and obligation (다시 응시해야 합니다).
안전띠를 매지 않으면 차량을 통과시킬 수 없습니다.
You cannot pass the vehicle if you do not fasten your seatbelt.
Expressing prohibition (통과시킬 수 없습니다) - causative form '통과시키다' (to let pass).
그의 진심 어린 사과가 결국 우리 마음의 벽을 통과했다.
His sincere apology eventually passed through the walls of our hearts.
Figurative use of '통과했다' for emotional impact.
수많은 난관을 통과하며 마침내 목표를 달성했다.
Having overcome numerous difficulties, he finally achieved his goal.
Past tense, plain form (달성했다). Uses '-며' to connect clauses indicating simultaneous or sequential actions.
이 제안이 다음 회의에서 통과될 가능성이 높다.
There is a high possibility that this proposal will pass at the next meeting.
Passive voice (통과될 가능성이 높다) expressing probability.
외교관은 양국의 복잡한 협상 과정을 통과하여 합의를 이끌어냈다.
The diplomat led to an agreement by navigating the complex negotiation process of both countries.
Past tense, formal (이끌어냈다). '협상 과정을 통과하다' means to go through negotiations.
비상 상황 발생 시, 모든 직원은 지정된 대피로를 통과해야 한다.
In case of an emergency, all staff must pass through the designated evacuation route.
Formal obligation (통과해야 한다) in emergency protocols.
그는 오랜 시간의 훈련을 통해 육체적, 정신적 한계를 통과했다.
Through long hours of training, he passed his physical and mental limits.
Figurative use of '통과했다' for overcoming limits via training.
이 복잡한 시스템을 통과하지 않고서는 외부로 나갈 수 없습니다.
You cannot go outside without passing through this complex system.
Negative conditional (통과하지 않고서는) expressing impossibility.
당신의 노력이 결실을 맺어 마침내 꿈을 통과하게 되기를 바랍니다.
I hope your efforts bear fruit and you finally pass through to your dreams.
Figurative and hopeful use of '꿈을 통과하다' (to pass into one's dreams).
새로운 기술 표준이 업계의 엄격한 심사를 통과할 것으로 예상된다.
The new technology standard is expected to pass the industry's strict review.
Passive voice (통과할 것으로 예상된다) regarding industry standards.
역사의 격랑을 통과하며 문명은 끊임없이 변화해왔다.
Navigating through the turbulent waves of history, civilization has continuously evolved.
Figurative use of '역사의 격랑을 통과하다' (to pass through the turbulent waves of history).
그의 예술 작품은 사회적 통념의 틀을 통과하여 새로운 미학을 제시한다.
His artwork passes through the framework of social conventions to present a new aesthetic.
Figurative use of '틀을 통과하다' (to pass through a framework) in an artistic context.
이 법안은 수많은 반대에도 불구하고 의회에서 극적으로 통과되었다.
Despite numerous objections, this bill was dramatically passed by the assembly.
Passive voice (극적으로 통과되었다) emphasizing the dramatic nature of the passage.
개인의 성장 과정은 종종 고통스러운 시련의 장벽을 통과해야만 가능하다.
Personal growth is often possible only by passing through the barrier of painful trials.
Figurative use of '장벽을 통과하다' (to pass through a barrier) for personal development.
그는 자신의 과거의 그림자를 통과하여 현재의 삶을 재건했다.
He rebuilt his present life by passing through the shadows of his past.
Metaphorical use of '과거의 그림자를 통과하다' (to pass through the shadows of the past).
우리의 제안은 내부 검토 과정을 성공적으로 통과하였으며, 이제 최종 승인을 기다리고 있다.
Our proposal successfully passed the internal review process and is now awaiting final approval.
Past tense, formal (통과하였으며). Connects two clauses with '-으며'.
기술 발전은 기존의 규범적 틀을 통과하며 끊임없이 사회를 재편한다.
Technological advancement constantly reshapes society by passing through existing normative frameworks.
Figurative use of '틀을 통과하며' (passing through frameworks) in a societal context.
그의 작품은 비평가들의 냉철한 분석을 통과하여 대중의 공감을 얻었다.
His work passed through critics' sharp analysis to gain public empathy.
Figurative use of '분석을 통과하여' (passing through analysis) leading to a result.
시대의 흐름을 통과하며 고전은 현대적 재해석을 통해 그 생명력을 이어간다.
Flowing through the currents of time, classics continue their vitality through modern reinterpretation.
Figurative use of '시대의 흐름을 통과하며' (passing through the currents of time) for enduring influence.
그의 철학은 기존의 이분법적 사고의 틀을 통과하여 보다 통합적인 관점을 제시한다.
His philosophy transcends the framework of existing dichotomous thinking to offer a more integrated perspective.
Highly figurative use of '틀을 통과하여' (passing through frameworks) in a philosophical context.
국제 사회는 전례 없는 위기의 장벽을 통과하기 위한 공동의 노력을 경주하고 있다.
The international community is racing to make a collective effort to pass through unprecedented crisis barriers.
Figurative use of '장벽을 통과하기 위한' (to pass through barriers) for global challenges.
예술가의 창의성은 현실의 제약을 통과하여 무한한 상상력의 세계를 구축한다.
The artist's creativity builds a world of infinite imagination by passing through the constraints of reality.
Figurative use of '제약을 통과하여' (passing through constraints) in the context of artistic creation.
그는 수많은 비판과 자기 성찰의 과정을 통과하며 진정한 자아를 발견했다.
He discovered his true self by passing through the process of numerous criticisms and self-reflection.
Metaphorical use of '과정을 통과하며' (passing through a process) for self-discovery.
미래 사회는 급변하는 기술 패러다임의 물결을 통과하며 새로운 질서를 모색할 것이다.
Future society will seek a new order by passing through the waves of rapidly changing technological paradigms.
Figurative use of '물결을 통과하며' (passing through waves) for societal transformation.
이 고전 문학 작품은 시대를 초월하여 독자들의 영혼 깊숙한 곳까지 통과하고 있다.
This classic literary work transcends time, penetrating deep into the readers' souls.
Figurative use of '영혼 깊숙한 곳까지 통과하고 있다' (passing through to the depths of souls) for profound impact.
정치적 격변기를 통과하며 민주주의의 가치는 더욱 공고해졌다.
Through periods of political upheaval, the values of democracy were further solidified.
Figurative use of '격변기를 통과하며' (passing through periods of upheaval) for the strengthening of ideals.
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
— Please pass through.
입구에서 안내원이 '이쪽으로 통과하세요'라고 말했습니다.
— I/We/They passed through.
세관을 무사히 통과했습니다.
— Must pass through.
이 구역을 통과하려면 허가가 필요합니다.
— Could not pass / Was not passed (passive).
그 법안은 의회에서 통과되지 못했다.
— Can pass through.
이 좁은 문도 통과할 수 있어요.
— To hesitate whether to pass or not; to be undecided about passing.
그는 검문소 앞에서 통과할까 말까 망설였다.
— To wait for passage/approval.
우리는 그의 승인 통과를 기다리고 있습니다.
— To let pass; to allow passage; to cause to pass.
경비원이 우리에게 통과시키라고 손짓했다.
— As you pass through; while passing through.
이 길을 통과하다 보면 아름다운 풍경을 볼 수 있습니다.
— Difficult to pass through.
이 산악 지형은 통과하기 어렵습니다.
Frequentemente confundido com
'지나가다' means to pass by, while '통과하다' means to pass through. Use '지나가다' when something moves alongside or past, and '통과하다' when it enters and exits from the other side of a boundary.
'벗어나다' means to get out of or escape from a confined space or situation. '통과하다' is about traversing a passage.
'막다' means to block or obstruct, which is the opposite of passing through. If something is '막다', it cannot '통과하다'.
Expressões idiomáticas
— To go through a thorny path; to endure great hardship and suffering.
그녀는 어린 시절부터 가시밭길을 통과하며 성장했다.
Figurative— To go through a muddy bog; to be involved in a dirty or scandalous situation.
이번 스캔들로 인해 그는 진흙탕을 통과하는 듯한 심경이었다.
Figurative— To pass a test or trial; to prove oneself under severe scrutiny.
그의 용감한 행동은 진정한 시험대를 통과한 것이었다.
Figurative— To pass through the gate of destiny; to face a crucial turning point in one's life.
그 순간은 그의 인생에서 운명의 관문을 통과하는 결정적인 기회였다.
Figurative— To break through the wall of reality; to overcome practical limitations or harsh truths.
이상만으로는 현실의 벽을 통과할 수 없다.
Figurative— To pass through a tunnel of patience; to endure a long period of difficulty with patience.
우리는 지금 인내의 터널을 통과하고 있다고 생각합니다.
Figurative— Passage through a gate/gateway; a crucial stage or threshold.
이번 프로젝트의 성공은 여러 관문의 통과에 달려 있습니다.
Figurative/Formal— To penetrate one's heart; to touch someone's emotions deeply.
그녀의 노래는 듣는 사람들의 마음을 통과했다.
Figurative— To pass the gaze of the judge; to be scrutinized or evaluated.
그의 작품은 비평가들의 심판의 시선을 통과해야 했다.
Figurative— To pass through the flow of time; to endure over time.
이 고대 유적은 시간의 흐름을 통과하며 그 자리를 지키고 있다.
FigurativeFácil de confundir
Both verbs describe movement and can sometimes be used in contexts involving roads or paths.
<strong>통과하다</strong> implies passing *through* a defined boundary, area, or barrier. <strong>지나가다</strong> implies passing *by* or alongside something, or simply moving past it without necessarily entering or traversing it. For example, a car passes *through* a tunnel (터널을 통과하다), but it passes *by* a house (집을 지나가다).
차가 터널을 <strong>통과했다</strong>. (The car passed through the tunnel.) vs. 차가 집 앞을 <strong>지나갔다</strong>. (The car passed by the house.)
Both can be used when talking about succeeding in tests or exams.
<strong>통과하다</strong> is a more general term that can mean to pass through physically or to pass an exam. <strong>합격하다</strong> is specifically used for successfully passing an exam, competition, or qualification process. It implies meeting a standard and achieving success.
그는 어려운 시험을 <strong>통과했다</strong>. (He passed the difficult exam - neutral, could imply just getting through). 그는 어려운 시험에 <strong>합격했다</strong>. (He passed the difficult exam - implies success and meeting the requirements).
Both are passive forms used in contexts of approvals and official procedures.
<strong>통과되다</strong> is often used for bills, proposals, or laws passing through legislative bodies. It implies a process of deliberation and approval within a group. <strong>승인되다</strong> is a more general term for 'to be approved' by an authority, such as a permit, a request, or a budget. It's about receiving official permission.
예산안이 의회를 <strong>통과했다</strong>. (The budget bill passed the assembly.) vs. 당신의 휴가 신청이 <strong>승인되었습니다</strong>. (Your vacation request has been approved.)
Both involve overcoming an obstacle or barrier.
<strong>통과하다</strong> implies moving through a pre-existing passage or boundary smoothly. <strong>뚫다</strong> implies breaking through a barrier forcefully, creating an opening, or penetrating something that was previously solid or impassable. It often suggests more effort or a more forceful action.
우리는 좁은 문을 <strong>통과했다</strong>. (We passed through the narrow door.) vs. 군대가 방어선을 <strong>뚫었다</strong>. (The army broke through the defense line.)
Both describe moving away from a certain state or place.
<strong>통과하다</strong> means to pass *through* a specific boundary or area, entering from one side and exiting from the other. <strong>벗어나다</strong> means to get *out of* or escape from a confined space, a situation, or a rule. It's about breaking free from confinement or deviation.
그는 위험한 지역에서 <strong>벗어났다</strong>. (He got out of the dangerous area.) vs. 우리는 검문소를 <strong>통과했다</strong>. (We passed through the checkpoint.)
Padrões de frases
[Subject] + [Object/Location] + 을/를 + 통과하다.
아이들이 울타리를 통과했어요.
[Subject] + [Object/Location] + 을/를 + 통과해야 하다.
여행객들은 세관을 통과해야 합니다.
[Thing] + 이/가 + 통과되다.
그 제안이 위원회에서 통과되었습니다.
[Subject] + [Obstacle] + 을/를 + 통과하기 어렵다.
이 험난한 길을 통과하기는 어렵습니다.
[Subject] + [Process] + 을/를 + 통과하며
그는 많은 시련을 통과하며 성장했습니다.
[Subject] + [Figurative Object] + 을/를 + 통과하다.
그의 말은 내 마음의 벽을 통과했다.
[Subject] + [Thing] + 이/가 + [Condition] + 을/를 + 통과하다.
이 제품은 안전 기준을 통과해야만 판매될 수 있다.
[Subject] + [Figurative Barrier] + 을/를 + 통과하여
그는 과거의 아픔을 통과하여 미래로 나아갔다.
Família de palavras
Substantivos
Verbos
Relacionado
Como usar
High
-
Using 통과하다 for 'passing by'.
→
지나가다
Learners often confuse 'passing through' with 'passing by'. <strong>통과하다</strong> implies entering and exiting a space, whereas <strong>지나가다</strong> means to move alongside or past something without entering it.
-
Using the active form when the passive is needed for approvals.
→
통과되다
When referring to laws, bills, or proposals being approved, the passive form <strong>통과되다</strong> is used. For example, 'The bill <strong>was passed</strong>' is '법안이 <strong>통과되었다</strong>', not '법안이 통과했다'.
-
Confusing 통과하다 with 뚫다.
→
뚫다 (for forceful breaking through)
<strong>통과하다</strong> suggests a smooth passage through a defined opening. <strong>뚫다</strong> implies breaking through a barrier forcefully or creating an opening where none existed.
-
Using 통과하다 for general 'getting through' a difficult situation.
→
극복하다 or 견디다
While <strong>통과하다</strong> can be used metaphorically for passing through difficult periods, verbs like <strong>극복하다</strong> (to overcome) or <strong>견디다</strong> (to endure) are often more natural and specific for personal struggles.
-
Incorrect particle usage.
→
Use 을/를 with the object being passed through.
The thing being passed through is the direct object and should be marked with the object particle 을/를. For example, '나는 <strong>문을</strong> 통과했다' (I passed through <strong>the door</strong>).
Dicas
Distinguish from '지나가다'
Remember that 통과하다 means to go *through* a boundary or area, while 지나가다 means to go *by* or past. Always consider if the movement involves entering and exiting from opposite sides of something.
Master the Passive Form
The passive form 통과되다 is crucial for understanding news and official announcements related to approvals of laws, bills, and proposals. Pay attention to when the subject is the thing being approved.
Common Scenarios
You'll hear 통과하다 frequently in travel contexts (airports, borders), academic settings (exams), and administrative procedures (approvals). Learning these contexts will help you anticipate its usage.
Related Words
Learn related words like '통과' (passage), '통로' (passage/corridor), and '통행' (traffic/passage) to build a stronger understanding of the concept.
Aspiration
Ensure you aspirate the initial 'ㅌ' sound in '통' (tong). This is a key feature of Korean pronunciation and helps distinguish it from similar sounds.
Visual Mnemonics
Create vivid mental images, like passing through a tunnel ('tong'nel) or sticking your 'tongue' through a barrier to pass a test, to help remember the meaning.
Beyond Physical Passage
Be aware that 통과하다 can be used metaphorically to describe overcoming difficulties, passing through emotional states, or navigating complex processes. Context is key to understanding these figurative uses.
Sentence Building
Actively construct sentences using 통과하다 in different tenses and forms (active/passive). Try to describe your own experiences or imagine scenarios.
Active Listening
When watching Korean dramas or listening to news, actively listen for 통과하다 and its variations. Try to guess the meaning based on the surrounding words and the overall situation.
Compare with Synonyms
Regularly compare 통과하다 with similar verbs like 지나가다, 벗어나다, and 뚫다 to solidify your understanding of their distinct meanings and appropriate usage.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Imagine a 'tong' (like a tunnel) that you must 'gwa' (go) through. So, 'tong-gwa-ha-da' is going through a tunnel.
Associação visual
Picture yourself at a border crossing. You show your passport and 'pass through' the gate. The gate is the barrier you '통과하다'.
Word Web
Desafio
Try to describe three different scenarios where you would use the word '통과하다'. For example, passing through airport security, passing a difficult exam, or a new law being passed. Write a sentence for each.
Origem da palavra
The word '통과하다' is derived from Chinese characters (Hanja). It is a Sino-Korean word, meaning its components have roots in Chinese.
Significado original: The Hanja characters are 通 (통, tong) meaning 'to pass through', 'to connect', 'to communicate', and 過 (과, gwa) meaning 'to pass', 'to go over', 'to exceed'. Together, they literally mean 'to pass and go over'.
Sino-Korean (derived from Chinese characters)Contexto cultural
The word itself is neutral. However, the context in which it's used can carry emotional weight. For instance, 'passing through' a difficult time (figuratively) might imply struggle and resilience, while passing through a security checkpoint might involve anxiety for some.
In English, we use 'pass through', 'go through', 'get through', or 'clear' depending on the context. For example, 'pass through customs', 'go through a tunnel', 'get through an exam', 'clear security'.
Pratique na vida real
Contextos reais
Airport immigration and security checks.
- 여권과 비자 통과
- 보안 검색대를 통과하다
- 출국 심사를 통과하다
Travel by train or bus.
- 개찰구를 통과하다
- 탑승권을 통과시키다
- 검문소를 통과하다
Passing exams or tests.
- 시험에 통과하다
- 합격점을 통과하다
- 자격 시험을 통과하다
Government and legislative processes.
- 법안이 통과되다
- 예산안 통과
- 국회 통과
Navigating physical spaces like tunnels or narrow paths.
- 터널을 통과하다
- 좁은 길을 통과하다
- 장애물을 통과하다
Iniciadores de conversa
"Have you ever had a difficult time passing through immigration at an airport?"
"What's the most challenging exam you've ever had to pass?"
"Do you think the new law will pass the assembly?"
"Describe a time you had to pass through a very narrow space."
"What advice would you give someone who needs to pass a tough interview?"
Temas para diário
Write about a journey where you had to pass through several checkpoints. Describe the experience.
Reflect on a time you 'passed through' a significant personal challenge. What did you learn?
Imagine you are a lawmaker. Write a short speech about why a specific bill should pass.
Describe a place you visited that had a unique way of managing passage or entry.
Think about a skill you mastered. How did you 'pass through' the learning process?
Perguntas frequentes
10 perguntasThe main difference lies in the direction of movement and the nature of the boundary. 통과하다 means to pass *through* a boundary or area, entering from one side and exiting from the other (e.g., passing through a tunnel, a checkpoint, or an exam). 지나가다 means to pass *by* or alongside something, or simply to move past it without necessarily entering or traversing it (e.g., a car passing by a house). Think of '통과하다' as 'go through' and '지나가다' as 'go past'.
You use 통과되다 when the focus is on the thing that is being passed or approved, rather than the entity doing the passing. This is very common when talking about laws, bills, proposals, or tickets. For example, 'The bill was passed by the assembly' is '법안이 의회에서 통과되었습니다.' You would not say 'The bill passed the assembly' using the active form unless the bill itself was personified or acting as an agent.
Yes, 통과하다 can be used for abstract concepts like passing exams, tests, or difficult periods. However, for specifically passing exams or competitions with a defined standard of success, 합격하다 is often a more precise and common choice. For example, '그는 시험을 통과했다' is understandable, but '그는 시험에 합격했다' is more common and specific for succeeding in an exam.
Common objects or locations used with 통과하다 include: borders (국경), checkpoints (검문소), gates (문), tunnels (터널), security checks (보안 검색대), customs (세관), exams (시험), laws/bills (법안), and sometimes difficult processes or situations (e.g., '어려운 시기를 통과하다').
Yes, the causative form is 통과시키다. It means 'to let pass', 'to allow passage', or 'to cause to pass'. For example, 'The guard let us pass' would be '경비원이 우리를 통과시켰다.'
통과하다 implies moving through a pre-existing passage or boundary smoothly. 뚫다 implies breaking through a barrier forcefully, creating an opening, or penetrating something that was previously solid or impassable. Think of '통과하다' as 'going through a door' and '뚫다' as 'breaking down a wall'.
If you mean to travel along a road, you would usually say '길을 따라가다' (follow the road) or '길을 가다' (go on the road). If you mean to pass through a specific section of a road that acts like a passage (e.g., a toll road segment), you might use '도로 구간을 통과하다'. However, '길을 통과하다' is less common for just traveling on a road and might sound awkward unless it implies passing through a specific defined area of the road.
Yes, it can be used metaphorically for emotional passage, though it's less common than in physical or administrative contexts. For example, '그의 이야기가 내 마음을 통과했다' (His story passed through my heart) means it deeply touched me. However, for 'getting through' a difficult emotional period, verbs like '극복하다' (to overcome) or '견디다' (to endure) are often more natural.
In news reports, 통과되다 is frequently used to indicate that a bill, proposal, or policy has been approved by a legislative body (like the National Assembly) or a committee. It signifies that the item has successfully navigated the required procedures and received approval to become a law or policy.
Yes, it can be. For example, 'The plane passed through the clouds' is '비행기가 구름을 통과했다.' or 'The sun passed through the clouds' is '해가 구름을 통과했다.'
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Summary
통과하다 means to pass through or get through something, commonly used for physical boundaries like borders and checkpoints, as well as abstract concepts like exams or approvals.
- To pass through a place or barrier.
- Used for borders, checkpoints, tunnels, and exams.
- Can also be used passively for approvals (e.g., laws).
- Key verb for travel and administrative contexts.
Distinguish from '지나가다'
Remember that 통과하다 means to go *through* a boundary or area, while 지나가다 means to go *by* or past. Always consider if the movement involves entering and exiting from opposite sides of something.
Master the Passive Form
The passive form 통과되다 is crucial for understanding news and official announcements related to approvals of laws, bills, and proposals. Pay attention to when the subject is the thing being approved.
Common Scenarios
You'll hear 통과하다 frequently in travel contexts (airports, borders), academic settings (exams), and administrative procedures (approvals). Learning these contexts will help you anticipate its usage.
Related Words
Learn related words like '통과' (passage), '통로' (passage/corridor), and '통행' (traffic/passage) to build a stronger understanding of the concept.
Conteúdo relacionado
Esta palavra em outros idiomas
Mais palavras de travel
숙소
B1Um lugar onde alguém fica por pouco tempo, como um hotel ou pousada. 'O alojamento era muito confortável.'
어댑터
A2A device for connecting parts of different sizes or types.
입장료
A1O termo coreano '입장료' (ipjangryo) significa 'taxa de entrada' ou 'preço de admissão'. É o valor em dinheiro pago para entrar em um local, como um museu, parque, ou para assistir a um evento. É uma palavra essencial para entender os custos de visitas e passeios na Coreia.
~후에
A2Indica que uma ação ocorre após outra. É usado com substantivos ou verbos.
~ㄴ/은 후에
A2Expressa uma ação que ocorre após outra ação ou evento; depois de fazer.
은/는 후에
A2Indica uma ação que ocorre após outra, significando 'depois de fazer'. Exemplo: Depois de comer, eu durmo.
비행기
A1Airplane; a powered flying vehicle with fixed wings.
공항
A1Um local onde aviões decolam e aterrissam. Possui terminais para passageiros, pistas e serviços de imigração e alfândega.
공항버스
A2O autocarro do aeroporto é rápido. Onde fica a paragem do autocarro do aeroporto?
통로
A2Um corredor ou passagem entre fileiras de assentos ou prateleiras. 'O corredor do supermercado está bloqueado.'
