Chapter in 30 Seconds
Shift the focus from the 'who' to the 'what' and master professional German communication.
- Construct the werden-Passiv to describe ongoing processes.
- Distinguish between agents (von) and means (durch) with precision.
- Use passive alternatives like 'sich lassen' to sound more natural and academic.
你将学到什么
Ready to fine-tune your German and sound truly native? This chapter is where you unlock the power of the German passive voice, a crucial skill for expressing yourself with precision and nuance. We'll move beyond simple 'who did what' sentences and dive deep into how to focus on the action, the result, or the event itself, without always needing to name the actor. Think of how news reports or official statements often describe events – that's the passive voice in action! You'll kick things off with the fundamental 'werden-Passiv' – the workhorse for describing what is being done. Then, you'll master the subtle but important distinctions between 'von' and 'durch' when you *do* need to mention who or what caused an action, making your explanations crystal clear. Ever wondered how Germans talk about a completed state, like 'the window is closed,' rather than 'the window was closed by someone'? That's the 'Zustandspassiv,' and you'll learn to use it effortlessly. We’ll also tackle the impersonal passive for when the actor is irrelevant or unknown – think general observations, like 'Es wird getanzt!' (Dancing is happening!). And for that ultimate native touch, you'll explore elegant alternatives to the passive, such as 'sich lassen' and the incredibly versatile 'man' construction. These aren't just grammar rules; they're your secret weapons for speaking German more naturally, actively, and smoothly, allowing you to sidestep clunky passive phrases. By the end of this chapter, you won't just understand the passive voice; you'll *command* it, using it to describe complex situations, processes, and results with the confidence of an upper-intermediate speaker. Get ready to sound more authentic and sophisticated!
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德语被动语态：关注动作本身 (werden-Passiv)德语被动语态用“werden”来强调“动作”本身，而不是“谁”做了这个动作。
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是谁做的？被动语态中的施动者 'von'所以，当你需要在被动语态中点明“施动者”时，记住你的小帮手就是
von，后面要跟Dativ，通常用来指“人”、“动物”或“机构”。 -
带 'durch' 的被动语态：解释手段与原因用
durch来表示“怎么”发生的（途径/原因），用von来表示“谁”做的（执行者）。 -
德语状态被动语态：'结果'模式 (Zustandspassiv)你有三个小助手，用“sein”和“Partizip II”来描述一个物体“已完成”的最终状态。
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德语无人称被动语态：没有主语的动作 (Es wird getanzt)当你想要描述某种“氛围”或“正在发生的动作”，而不需要一个具体的人来当主语时，就用无人称被动语态。核心就是
es wird、wurde和geholfen这些表达方式。 -
带情态动词的被动语态：必须完成 (Modal + Passiv)想要表达“必须”、“可以”或“应该”完成某事？很简单，只要把情态动词变位，然后把
Partizip II + werden放在句末就可以了！ -
反身被动："sich lassen" 与被动替代结构你有几种“魔法工具”：用
sich lassen或者反身动词加上副词，就能优雅地表达被动语态的可能性，而且不需要用到werden哦！ -
用 `man` 替代被动语态 (用 '人们/大家' 代替被动表达)告别生硬的被动语态，用
man加上动词的 «第三人称单数» 形式，让你的德语表达更 «自然»、更 «活跃»！
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: Transform active sentences into werden-Passiv across different tenses.
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2
By the end you will be able to: Correctly identify when to use 'von' versus 'durch' to describe the cause of an action.
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3
By the end you will be able to: Describe completed states using the Zustandspassiv.
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4
By the end you will be able to: Employ passive substitutes like 'sich lassen' and 'man' to vary sentence structure.
章节指南
Overview
How This Grammar Works
allows itself to be doneor
can be done: Das lässt sich leicht reparieren (That can be easily repaired). Another common passive substitute is the indefinite pronoun man, which translates to one or people and makes a statement general: Man spricht hier Deutsch (German is spoken here / People speak German here). Mastering these options will significantly enhance your B2 German fluency.
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: Das Fenster ist geschlossen werden.
- 1✗ Wrong: Der Brief wurde mit dem Postboten geschickt.
- 1✗ Wrong: Es wurde viel gelacht und getanzt. (Referring to a specific group of people who laughed and danced.)
Real Conversations
A
B
A
B
A
B
Quick FAQ
What is the main difference between werden-Passiv and Zustandspassiv in German grammar?
The werden-Passiv describes an *action* in progress (wird gemacht - is being done), while the Zustandspassiv describes a *state* or *result* after an action has occurred (ist gemacht - is done/finished).
Can I use the passive voice with all German verbs?
No, only transitive verbs (verbs that take a direct object in the active voice) can form the werden-Passiv. Intransitive verbs (like schlafen - to sleep, or gehen - to go) cannot form a personal passive, though some can be used in the impersonal passive (Es wird geschlafen - Sleeping is happening).
How do I correctly use von vs. durch in the German passive voice?
Use von + Dativ when specifying the *agent* (the person or living being performing the action). Use durch + Akkusativ when referring to the *means* or *cause* (the inanimate object or abstract concept that caused the action).
Are there simple ways to avoid the passive voice in B2 German writing?
Absolutely! Common alternatives include using the indefinite pronoun man (Man spricht Deutsch), the reflexive construction sich lassen (Das lässt sich machen), or simply rephrasing the sentence actively if the agent is known and relevant.
Cultural Context
关键例句 (8)
技巧与窍门 (4)
“Geworden”的陷阱
Ich bin müde geworden，但如果你说你被提问了，就用被动语态：
Ich bin gefragt worden。
“片尾字幕”法则
Dieser Film wurde von Steven Spielberg inszeniert.但如果是“暴风雨”或“事故”造成的，就用 'durch'。
邮递员规则
von。但如果强调的是“邮政系统”或“快递车”这个媒介，就用 durch。比如：Der Brief wurde von dem Postboten gebracht.（信是邮递员送来的），但
Die Sendung wurde durch die Post transportiert.（包裹是通过邮政运输的）。
形容词小技巧
核心词汇 (7)
Real-World Preview
At the Car Workshop
Reading a News Report
Review Summary
- werden + Partizip II
- sein + Partizip II
- sich lassen + Infinitiv
常见错误
Learners often use 'werden' when they actually want to describe a state. 'Wird' means someone is currently closing it; 'ist' means it is already shut.
Use 'von' for active agents (people/animals/institutions) and 'durch' for means, causes, or instruments (like wind, fire, or a key).
When using modals in the passive, the infinitive of 'werden' comes at the end. Do not add 'worden' unless you are forming the Perfekt tense.
本章规则 (8)
Next Steps
You've just conquered one of the most technical parts of German grammar. Your ability to switch between active and passive will make your German sound incredibly professional and polished. Keep it up!
Read a German news article and highlight all passive constructions.
Describe your daily work routine using 'man' and 'werden-Passiv'.
快速练习 (10)
Find and fix the mistake:
Das Licht ist ausschaltet.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 德语状态被动语态：'结果'模式 (Zustandspassiv)
Find and fix the mistake:
Mann kann hier kein WLAN finden.
n (man)。{der|m} Mann 的意思是“男人”。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 用 `man` 替代被动语态 (用 '人们/大家' 代替被动表达)
Choose the grammatically correct sentence:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 是谁做的？被动语态中的施动者 'von'
Das Ticket muss vor dem Einsteigen gescannt ________.
werden 始终保持不定式形式，位于句子的最末尾。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 带情态动词的被动语态：必须完成 (Modal + Passiv)
选择最自然的 `man` 结构：
man + 单数动词，保持动作的匿名性和主动性。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 用 `man` 替代被动语态 (用 '人们/大家' 代替被动表达)
Find and fix the mistake:
Die Datei wurde durch dem Virus gelöscht.
durch 要求使用第四格（Akkusativ）。dem Virus 是第三格（Dativ），必须改为 den Virus。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 带 'durch' 的被动语态：解释手段与原因
Find and fix the mistake:
Gestern wurde es viel getanzt.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 德语无人称被动语态：没有主语的动作 (Es wird getanzt)
Die Pizza wurde ______ {der|m} Lieferdienst gebracht.
von 更合适。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 带 'durch' 的被动语态：解释手段与原因
选择语法正确的句子：
muss 位于第二位，而 gesendet werden (第二分词 + werden) 构成句子的框架，位于句末。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 带情态动词的被动语态：必须完成 (Modal + Passiv)
In Deutschland ___ (essen) man viel {die|f} Wurst.
man 总是搭配动词的第三人称单数形式。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 用 `man` 替代被动语态 (用 '人们/大家' 代替被动表达)
Score: /10
常见问题 (6)
von der Lehrerin（老师做的）和durch den Wind（风引起的）就是不同的用法。von mir (由我), von dir (由你), von ihm (由他) 等等。例如：你想说“这个礼物是我买的”，可以这样说：Das Geschenk wurde von mir gekauft.
vom 只是 von + dem (阳性或中性第三格) 的缩写形式。在口语德语中，vom 更常用，听起来更自然。
