Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Master Hindi by combining nouns or adjectives with 'karnā' (to do) to create hundreds of new verbs instantly.
- Combine a noun/adjective with 'karnā': 'kām' (work) + 'karnā' = 'kām karnā' (to work).
- Conjugate only the 'karnā' part: 'main kām kartā hūn' (I work).
- The noun/adjective remains fixed and does not change based on gender or number.
Overview
karnā (करना - 做)。对于咱们中文母语者来说，理解这个概念其实并不难，甚至可以说非常亲切。为什么这么说呢？因为中文里我们非常擅长使用“名词+动词”的结构来构成一个完整的动作，例如“做作业”、“搞研究”、“打扫卫生”。印地语的 karnā 结构与此如出一辙。karnā”这种组合来完成。这就像中文里的“动宾短语”。对于 B1 水平的你来说，掌握这个结构是实现从“书本对话”向“地道表达”跨越的关键。你不需要去死记硬背成千上万个复杂的动词，只需要掌握 karnā 的变位规则，再加上你已经熟悉的名词或形容词，就能像搭积木一样组合出无数的表达。这不仅极大地减轻了记忆负担，还让你的语言表达变得极其灵活。例如，你想表达“尝试”，印地语里没有对应的单一动词，而是用 kośiś karnā ( कोशिश करना)，直译就是“做尝试”。这与中文的思维模式高度契合，都是通过“做”这个万能动词来激活一个概念。karnā 结构遵循一个非常清晰的逻辑：分工明确。整个短语由两部分组成：第一部分是“概念词”（名词或形容词），负责提供动作的含义；第二部分是“功能词” karnā，负责处理语法信息。karnā 承担了所有的语法重担：它负责根据时态（过去、现在、将来）、语态（进行、完成）、人称（我、你、他）以及性数（阴阳性、单复数）进行变位。这与中文完全不同，中文的动词是“恒定不变的”，比如“我做”、“你做”、“他做”，动词形式没有任何变化。但在印地语中，你必须根据主语和宾语（在过去时中）对 karnā 进行精确的变位。Vah intazār kar rahī hai (वह इंतज़ार कर रही है - 她正在等待)。这里的 intazār (等待) 是名词，它本身不发生任何变化，无论主语是谁。真正发生变化的是 kar rahī hai，它告诉你：动作正在进行（rahī），主语是阴性（rahī），时态是现在（hai）。这种“名词负责意义，动词负责语法”的机制，是印地语极其灵活的秘诀。如果你想表达“清洁”，只需说 sāf karnā (साफ़ करना)；想表达“完成”，只需说 pūrā karnā (पूरा करना)。掌握了 karnā 的变位，你就相当于掌握了印地语中 40% 以上的动词表达。karnā 的结构非常标准化。只要记住：名词/形容词在前，karnā 在后。karnā | [名词] + karnā | madad karnā (帮助) | 名词的阴阳性决定过去时的变位 |karnā | [形容词] + karnā | sāf karnā (打扫/使干净) | 形容词描述动作的结果 |karnā | [外来词] + karnā | fon karnā (打电话) | 现代印地语最常用的扩展方式 |karnā | [拟声词] + karnā | bak-bak karnā (喋喋不休) | 用于描述带有特定声音的动作 |karnā 的变位。例如，在现在时中：Maĩ kām kartā hū̃ (我工作)，kām 是阳性名词，kartā 随主语阳性单数变化；而在过去时中，由于 karnā 是及物动词，必须使用 ne 结构，动词变位要与名词（宾语）保持一致。- 1当没有单一动词时：这是最直接的情况。比如“帮助”、“尝试”、“等待”，这些在印地语中没有对应的单一词根，必须使用
madad karnā、kośiś karnā和intazār karnā。 - 2抽象概念的动作化：对于心理或情感类动作，如
pyār karnā(爱)、viśvās karnā(信任)、yād karnā(记忆)，这些词本质上是名词，通过karnā赋予其动词的生命力。 - 3引入外来词（尤其是英语）：这是印地语最强大的地方。在微信聊天或日常生活中，印地语使用者会大量使用英语词汇，直接加上
karnā即可。例如ḍāunloḍ karnā(下载)、kensal karnā(取消)、injoae karnā(享受)。这在现代印地语中非常地道。 - 4使役意义的表达：当你想表达“使某物变成某种状态”时，使用“形容词 +
karnā”。例如garm karnā(加热)，字面意思是“做热”。这比寻找一个专门表示“加热”的动词要简单得多。
- 1忘记过去时的
ne标记：中文没有格位标记，所以我们常忘记在及物动词的过去时前加ne。例如“我做了工作”，错误写成Maĩ kām kiyā，正确应是Maĩne kām kiyā。这是因为karnā是及物动词，必须遵守ne规则。 - 2过去时动词变位与主语对齐：中文语序固定，动词不随主语变。很多学生习惯让
kiyā与主语（我）对齐，但印地语中，过去时动词必须与“名词/宾语”对齐。如果名词是阴性（如kośiś），动词必须用kī，无论主语是男是女。 - 3试图改变名词的词形：中文里“工作”和“做工作”中的“工作”没区别。初学者常错误地尝试给名词加后缀，比如
kām-tā hai。记住：名词或形容词部分是“铁打的”，永远不要给它们加变位后缀！
karnā (做) 和 honā (成为/发生) 的区别是进阶的关键。这类似于中文里的“主动”与“被动/状态”。[名词] + karnā (主动) | [名词] + honā (被动/状态) |ne | 不使用 ne |Maĩne taiyārī kī (我做了准备) | Taiyārī ho rahī hai (准备工作正在进行) |karnā 时，你是动作的控制者（Driver）；当你使用 honā 时，你是在描述一个客观发生的过程（Observer）。- 1问：所有的外来词都可以直接加
karnā吗？
karnā 即可，这听起来非常自然且现代。- 1问：为什么过去时
kī有时是阴性，有时又是阳性？
karnā 的变位完全取决于它所修饰的那个名词的阴阳性和单复数。这是印地语语法的核心难点，请务必在背单词时记住名词的性。- 1问：有没有什么口诀可以记住
karnā的变位？
karnā 的基本变位表背熟，剩下的就是填空题了。Conjugation of 'Karnā' (to do)
| Tense | Masculine Singular | Masculine Plural | Feminine Singular | Feminine Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Present
|
kartā hai
|
karte hain
|
kartī hai
|
kartī hain
|
|
Past
|
kiyā
|
kiye
|
kī
|
kī
|
|
Future
|
karegā
|
karenge
|
karegī
|
karengī
|
Meanings
Conjunct verbs are formed by pairing a noun or adjective with a light verb (usually 'karnā') to express an action or state.
Action Creation
Turning a concept into an active verb.
“Main madad kartā hūn (I help).”
“Usne phone kiyā (He called).”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Noun + karnā
|
Main kām kartā hūn
|
|
Negative
|
Noun + nahīn + karnā
|
Main kām nahīn kartā hūn
|
|
Interrogative
|
Kyā + Noun + karnā
|
Kyā tum kām karte ho?
|
|
Past Tense
|
Noun + kiyā
|
Maine kām kiyā
|
|
Continuous
|
Noun + kar rahe hain
|
Main kām kar rahā hūn
|
|
Imperative
|
Noun + karo/kariye
|
Madad karo
|
正式程度
Sahāyatā karnā (General)
Madad karnā (General)
Madad karna (General)
Help karna (General)
The Conjunct Verb Ecosystem
Work
- kām work
- meeting meeting
Social
- madad help
- shādī marriage
Tech
- email email
- login login
按水平分级的例句
Main kām kartā hūn.
I work.
Tum madad karo.
You help.
Woh phone kartā hai.
He calls.
Hum exercise karte hain.
We exercise.
Maine safāī kī.
I cleaned.
Kyā tumne taiyārī kī?
Did you prepare?
Woh shādī kar rahe hain.
They are getting married.
Mujhe email karnā.
Email me.
Usne meeting cancel kar dī.
He cancelled the meeting.
Maine ghaltī kī.
I made a mistake.
Humne faislā kiyā.
We decided.
Woh intezār kar rahe hain.
They are waiting.
Maine usse baat karne kī koshish kī.
I tried to talk to him.
Usne meri madad karne se inkaar kiyā.
He refused to help me.
Humne is mudde par charchā kī.
We discussed this issue.
Usne apna kaam pura kar liyā.
He finished his work.
Sarkar ne naye niyam lāgū karne kā faislā kiyā.
The government decided to implement new rules.
Usne apni ghaltī ko svīkār karnā zarūrī samjhā.
He considered it necessary to admit his mistake.
Hamein is vishay par gaur karnā hogā.
We will have to reflect on this subject.
Usne sabke sāmne mera apmān kiyā.
He insulted me in front of everyone.
Vah apni kshamtaon ka pradarshan karne mein saksham hai.
He is capable of demonstrating his abilities.
Usne is ghatna ka varnan karne mein koi kasar nahi chhodi.
He left no stone unturned in describing the event.
Hamein is sthiti ka vishleshan karnā hoga.
We must analyze this situation.
Usne apne vicharon ka samarthan karne ke liye tark diye.
He provided arguments to support his views.
容易混淆
Learners mix up 'to do' and 'to be' in conjunct verbs.
Mixing up ergative 'ne' usage.
Trying to make simple verbs into conjuncts.
常见错误
madadī karnā
madad karnā
kām kartā
kām kartā hūn
main kām kiyā
maine kām kiyā
karnā kām
kām karnā
shādī kartā hūn
shādī kartā hūn (if habitual) or shādī kī (if past)
phone kiyā hai
phone kiyā
madad kar
madad karo
usne madad kiyā
usne madad kī
faislā karnā hūn
faislā kartā hūn
koshish kiyā
koshish kī
varnan karnā kiyā
varnan kiyā
svīkār kiyā hai
svīkār kiyā
pradarshan kartā
pradarshan kartā hai
句型
Main ___ kartā hūn.
Maine ___ kiyā.
Kya tumne ___ kī?
Woh ___ karne ki koshish kar raha hai.
Real World Usage
Maine email kar diyā hai.
Maine photo post kī.
Maine project pura kiyā.
Maine booking kī.
Maine order kiyā.
Call karna!
Use English nouns
Watch the 'ne'
Gender matters
Formal vs Informal
Smart Tips
Just add 'karnā' to the English noun.
Check the gender of the noun to decide the past form of 'karnā'.
Use 'kariye' for polite requests.
If it's a noun-based action, 'karnā' is usually the safe bet.
发音
Karnā
The 'r' is a flap, similar to the 'tt' in 'better'.
Question
Kyā tum kām karte ho? ↗
Rising intonation at the end.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of 'Karnā' as a universal glue. Just stick it to any noun to make it move!
视觉联想
Imagine a giant glue bottle labeled 'Karnā'. You pour it on a noun like 'Phone', and suddenly the phone starts running.
Rhyme
Noun or Adjective, don't you fear, just add 'Karnā' and the action is clear!
Story
Rahul wanted to be a hero. He saw 'Madad' (help) on the ground. He grabbed 'Karnā' (glue) and stuck them together. Now he could 'Madad karnā' (help) everyone in the village.
Word Web
挑战
Write 5 sentences using different nouns + karnā in 5 minutes.
文化笔记
Very common in daily speech, often mixed with English nouns.
Uses more Sanskrit-derived nouns like 'sahāyatā' instead of 'madad'.
Uses 'karnā' with Persian/Arabic nouns.
Derived from the Sanskrit 'kṛ' (to do).
对话开场白
Tum roz kya kām karte ho?
Kya tumne aaj taiyārī kī?
Tumne ye faislā kaise kiyā?
Kya tumne kabhi kisi ki madad karne se inkaar kiyā hai?
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
Main kām ___ hūn.
Maine madad ___.
Find and fix the mistake:
Usne koshish kiyā.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
I decided.
Answer starts with: Mai...
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Humne ___.
The noun in a conjunct verb changes based on gender.
Score: /8
练习题
8 exercisesMain kām ___ hūn.
Maine madad ___.
Find and fix the mistake:
Usne koshish kiyā.
karnā / main / kām / hūn / kartā
I decided.
Match: 1. Madad, 2. Kām, 3. Shādī
Humne ___.
The noun in a conjunct verb changes based on gender.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
6 exercisesक्या तुमने अपना होमवर्क _____?
I am cleaning the kitchen.
How do you say 'to message'?
करूँगा / मैं / कॉल / तुम्हें / कल
मैंने फिल्म शुरू किया।
Match the following:
Score: /6
常见问题 (8)
Most nouns work, but some have specific light verbs like 'honā' or 'denā'.
It agrees with the subject or object depending on the tense.
It is the most common, but 'denā' (to give) or 'lenā' (to take) are also used.
If it's a noun + 'karnā' that acts as a single action.
Yes, you can use English words like 'email' or 'post' with 'karnā'.
It's used in all registers, from casual to formal.
The 'ne' is used in the past tense with transitive verbs.
Yes, 'Main kām karūngā'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Suru (to do)
Japanese 'suru' is more restricted to specific noun types.
Hacer
Spanish is more synthetic.
Tun
German prefers compound verbs.
Faire
French has a different verb structure.
Fa'ala
Arabic is highly root-based.
Zuò
Chinese has no conjugation.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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