“因为,你看”解释器 (거든요)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use -거든요 to provide a reason or background information when the listener doesn't know it yet.
- Use it to explain a reason: 'Why are you late?' 'I missed the bus, you see.' (버스를 놓쳤거든요.)
- Use it to provide background: 'I'm going to Korea.' 'Oh, I lived there before!' (전에 살았거든요.)
- It is strictly for conversational, spoken contexts; avoid in formal written reports.
Overview
-아서/어서 或 -(으)니까,但到了中级,为了让表达更地道、更像韩国人,我们需要掌握 -(으)거든요。简单来说,거든요 的核心作用是“提供背景信息”或“解释说明”。在中文里,我们没有一个完全对应的单一语法点,但我们可以把它理解为句尾加上“……呢”、“……你知道吗”或者“其实是因为……”。거든요 时,你是在告诉对方:“这件事你可能还不知道,或者我需要补充这个背景信息来让你明白我的意思。”这与中文里的“因为……所以……”有着本质的区别。中文的“因为”通常是逻辑上的因果,而韩语的 거든요 更多是交际上的润滑剂。如果你在解释原因时总是生硬地使用 -(으)니까,听起来会像是在写说明书,而使用 거든요 则会让你听起来像是在咖啡厅里和朋友聊天。掌握这个语法,是你从“只会翻译”向“地道表达”跨越的关键一步。거든요 的本质是“解释性说明”。在中文语法中,我们习惯用“因为……所以……”来连接因果,但在韩语对话中,如果对方问“为什么”,或者你想要为自己的行为提供一个合情合理的背景时,거든요 就像是一个“信息补丁”。- 中文:我今天不去学校,因为我生病了。
- 韩语(生硬):저는 오늘 학교에 안 가요. 아프니까요. (有点像在吵架或强调语气)
- 韩语(地道):저는 오늘 학교에 안 가요. 몸이 좀 안 좋거든요. (语气柔和,像是在解释情况)
거든요 理解为中文口语里的“……呢,因为……”。它不仅仅是陈述事实,更是一种“分享信息”的姿态。它预设了听者不知道这个原因,所以你主动通过 거든요 把这个信息传递给对方,从而拉近距离。需要注意的是,거든요 只能用于陈述句和疑问句,不能用于命令句(如“请去做……”)或共动句(如“我们一起去……”)。거든요 会让你的语气显得更有礼貌且更有条理。它不仅是在回答问题,更是在构建一个完整的语境。记住,거든요 是自带礼貌语气的,所以它本身已经包含了 요,千万不要画蛇添足写成 거든요요。거든요 的接续非常规律,主要看动词、形容词还是名词。거든요 的使用场景非常丰富,主要分为四种情况:- 1解释原因(最常用):当别人询问原因,或者你觉得需要为自己的行为找个理由时。例如:
왜 웃어요? 재미있거든요.(为什么笑?因为很有趣呀。) - 2提供背景信息:在讲述一件事情前,先抛出一个前提。例如:
제가 내일 시험이 있거든요. 그래서 오늘 밤을 새워야 해요.(我明天有考试呢,所以我今晚得熬夜。) - 3委婉拒绝:当你想拒绝别人但不想显得太生硬时。例如:
미안해요. 지금은 바쁘거든요.(不好意思,我现在有点忙。) - 4纠正对方的误解:当对方猜错了,你给出正确答案。例如:
아니요, 그건 제 것이 아니거든요.(不,那不是我的。)
거든요 时最容易犯以下三个错误:- 1混淆
거든요和잖아요:这是最典型的干扰。잖아요对应中文的“不是……嘛/不是吗”,用于双方都知道的事实。如果你对对方说“今天下雨了(大家都知道)”,应该用비가 오잖아요!,如果用了비가 오거든요!,对方会觉得你在提供什么“新情报”,显得很奇怪。 - 2语调过于生硬:在中文里,我们表达原因时语调往往比较平直。但韩语的
거든요如果用降调或过重的语气,会听起来像是在强词夺理或不耐烦。一定要用柔和、略微上扬或平稳的语调,把它当作一种“分享”而不是“辩解”。 - 3滥用在命令句中:受中文习惯影响,我们有时会想说“因为我们要去,所以你也快点!”,这时如果强行在命令句加
거든요是错误的。记住:거든요只能用于解释,不能用于指挥别人。
-(으)니까 | 强调逻辑因果,多用于建议或命令 | 因为……所以…… |-아서/어서 | 强调先后顺序或自然因果 | 因为……所以…… |거든요 | 强调补充说明,提供新信息 | ……呢,因为…… |추우니까 창문을 닫으세요。如果你想解释“我为什么关窗”,用 창문을 닫았어요. 밖이 춥거든요.(我关窗了,因为外面很冷呢)。거든요 和 거든 有什么区别?거든요 是标准礼貌体,用于一般社交场合;거든 是非正式体,只用于朋友或晚辈之间。거든요 感觉像是在反驳?거든요 是非常典型的口语表达,出现在日记或随笔中可以,但在正式的报告、新闻或学术论文中,请使用 -기 때문입니다。거든요 吗?Formation Table
| Type | Stem | Ending | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Verb
|
가
|
거든요
|
가거든요
|
|
Verb
|
먹
|
거든요
|
먹거든요
|
|
Adjective
|
예쁘
|
거든요
|
예쁘거든요
|
|
Adjective
|
작
|
거든요
|
작거든요
|
|
Noun
|
학생
|
이거든요
|
학생이거든요
|
|
Noun
|
의사
|
거든요
|
의사거든요
|
Meanings
Provides a reason or background information that the listener is not aware of, often implying 'you see' or 'actually'.
Reasoning
Explaining the cause of a situation.
“비가 오거든요.”
“배가 아프거든요.”
Background
Providing context for a statement.
“저도 한국에 가거든요.”
“내일 시험이 있거든요.”
Reference Table
| 时态/形式 | 结尾 | 例子 (가다/去) | 例子 (학생/学生) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
现在时
|
-거든요 / -(이)거든요
|
가거든요
|
학생이거든요
|
|
过去时
|
-았/었거든요
|
갔거든요
|
학생이었거든요
|
|
将来时
|
-(으)ㄹ 거거든요
|
갈 거거든요
|
학생일 거거든요
|
|
非正式口语
|
-거든
|
가거든
|
학생이거든
|
|
否定式
|
-지 않거든요
|
가지 않거든요
|
학생이 아니거든요
|
|
敬语形式
|
-(으)시거든요
|
가시거든요
|
의사시거든요
|
正式程度
바쁩니다. (Declining an invitation)
바빠요. (Declining an invitation)
바빠. (Declining an invitation)
바빠죽겠어. (Declining an invitation)
거든요 的使用场景
原因
- 배고프거든요 因为我饿了嘛
- 비싸거든요 因为太贵了嘛
背景信息
- 처음이거든요 因为是第一次嘛
- 회의 중이거든요 因为正在开会嘛
거든요 vs 잖아요
什么时候使用 거든요?
你是在提供原因吗?
听者已经知道这个原因了吗?
变位速查表
动词/形容词
- • 词干 + 거든요
- • 먹거든요
- • 예쁘거든요
名词
- • 名词 + (이)거든요
- • 친구거든요
- • 책이거든요
按水平分级的例句
맛있거든요.
It's delicious, you see.
바쁘거든요.
I'm busy, you see.
좋거든요.
It's good, you see.
비싸거든요.
It's expensive, you see.
내일 시험이 있거든요.
I have an exam tomorrow, you see.
어제 영화를 봤거든요.
I watched a movie yesterday, you see.
한국어를 공부하거든요.
I am studying Korean, you see.
그 사람은 제 친구거든요.
That person is my friend, you see.
왜 안 먹어요? 배가 고프지 않거든요.
Why aren't you eating? I'm not hungry, you see.
지하철이 빠르거든요. 그래서 타요.
The subway is fast, you see. That's why I take it.
그 가게는 문을 닫았거든요.
That store has closed, you see.
저도 그 사실을 몰랐거든요.
I didn't know that fact either, you see.
이 프로젝트는 중요하거든요. 잘 부탁드려요.
This project is important, you see. I ask for your help.
그녀는 이미 떠났거든요. 연락이 안 될 거예요.
She has already left, you see. You won't be able to reach her.
날씨가 좋아서 산책을 하거든요.
The weather is nice, so I'm going for a walk, you see.
그는 전문가거든요. 믿어도 돼요.
He is an expert, you see. You can trust him.
사실은 제가 그 일을 담당했거든요.
Actually, I was in charge of that work, you see.
그 제안은 현실성이 없거든요.
That proposal is not realistic, you see.
우리는 이미 합의를 봤거든요.
We have already reached an agreement, you see.
그것은 예외적인 상황이거든요.
That is an exceptional situation, you see.
그의 논리는 모순적이거든요.
His logic is contradictory, you see.
이 현상은 역사적 맥락이 있거든요.
This phenomenon has a historical context, you see.
그 결정은 불가피했거든요.
That decision was inevitable, you see.
그는 그 분야의 권위자거든요.
He is an authority in that field, you see.
容易混淆
Both mean 'because'.
Both mean 'because'.
Both express cause.
常见错误
비가 오다거든요
비가 오거든요
바쁘다거든요
바쁘거든요
먹거든요요
먹거든요
학생거든요
학생이거든요
갔다거든요
갔거든요
안 먹었거든요요
안 먹었거든요
비싸거든요요
비싸거든요
바쁘니까거든요
바쁘거든요
알거든요 (when listener knows)
알아요
비가 오거든요 (in a formal report)
비가 오기 때문에
비가 오거든요 (in a news article)
비가 내림으로 인해
그는 의사거든요 (in a formal bio)
그는 의사이다
그것은 사실이거든요 (in a thesis)
그것은 사실이다
句型
___거든요.
___이/가 ___거든요.
왜냐하면 ___거든요.
사실은 ___거든요.
Real World Usage
나 오늘 못 가. 일이 있거든요.
이 카페 진짜 예쁘거든요!
그건 제가 처리했거든요.
이거 매운 거거든요.
여기가 유명하거든요.
저는 경험이 많거든요.
注意你的语调
发消息的小技巧
礼貌小贴士
Smart Tips
Add -거든요 to soften the refusal.
Use -거든요 to explain the context.
Use -거든요 to add background.
Use -거든요 to support your view.
发音
Linking
The 'ㄱ' in '거든요' is pronounced clearly.
Explanatory
바쁘거든요↗
Rising intonation at the end makes it sound like you are inviting the listener to understand.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of '거든요' as 'Got-it-you'. You are giving the listener information they didn't 'got' before.
视觉联想
Imagine a lightbulb turning on above your friend's head as you explain something new. You are the one holding the lightbulb, saying '거든요' to hand it over.
Rhyme
When you want to explain, use 거든요 to make it plain.
Story
Min-su asked why I was late. I said, 'The bus was late, you see.' (버스가 늦었거든요.) He nodded, finally understanding the situation. I used 거든요 to bridge the gap in his knowledge.
Word Web
挑战
Today, find three opportunities to explain a reason to someone using -거든요.
文化笔记
Koreans value 'nunchi' (reading the room). Using -거든요 shows you are being considerate by providing context.
The standard usage is very common in Seoul.
In Busan, they might use -거든예 instead.
Derived from the verb '거두다' (to gather/collect), implying the speaker is 'collecting' information for the listener.
对话开场白
왜 한국어를 공부해요?
오늘 왜 늦었어요?
이 식당은 왜 인기가 많아요?
왜 그 영화를 안 봤어요?
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
저는 ___.
请选择最佳解释:
내일 거기 갈거든요.
Score: /3
练习题
8 exercises비가 ___.
Choose the correct sentence.
Find and fix the mistake:
학생다거든요.
오늘 / 바쁘거든요 / 저는
I am eating, you see.
A: 왜 안 가요? B: ___
Use '친구' and '거든요'.
Which is conversational?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercises비싸 / 거든요 / 너무
使用解释性结尾翻译成韩语。
1. 你为什么哭? 2. 你为什么要买大衣? 3. 你为什么迟到?
배고파___.
选择敬语形式:
비밀거든요.
돈이 / 없 / 거든요
어제 ___.
翻译成韩语。
选择最自然的表达:
Score: /10
常见问题 (8)
No, it is too conversational. Use -기 때문에 or -므로.
Yes, it attaches to the stem of all verbs and adjectives.
Then do not use it. It will sound like you are being condescending.
No. -니까 is for objective reasons; -거든요 is for new information.
Yes, add -이거든요 for nouns ending in a consonant, -거든요 for vowels.
Yes, just add it to the past tense stem (e.g., 갔거든요).
It helps maintain social harmony by providing context.
Try explaining your daily actions to yourself in Korean using -거든요.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
porque
Korean has different particles for different contexts.
parce que
Korean is more socially sensitive.
weil
Korean is strictly for speech.
kara
Korean '거든요' is more about sharing new info.
yinwei
Grammatical position.
li-anna
Korean is about the listener's knowledge.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
相关视频
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