B1 · متوسط فصل 4

Introduction to Gerunds and Infinitives

5 مجموع قواعد
58 مثال‌ها
5 دقیقه

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of choosing between -ing forms and infinitives to speak with confidence.

  • Identify when to use Gerunds as subjects.
  • Distinguish between verbs followed by Gerunds and Infinitives.
  • Apply polite structures like 'would like to' in social settings.
Unlock the flow: Gerunds and Infinitives made simple.

چی یاد می‌گیری

Ready to make your English sound smoother? This chapter will help you confidently choose between saying

I enjoy *to read*
and I enjoy *reading*, and master polite requests like "I'd like *to go*." Soon, you'll communicate your ideas with much greater naturalness!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: confidently use -ing subjects and infinitive verb patterns in daily conversation.

راهنمای فصل

مرور کلی

Learning when to use a gerund (the -ing form of a verb used as a noun) or an infinitive (the 'to + verb' form) is a key step towards sounding more natural and confident in English. This introduction to gerunds and infinitives is perfect for B1 English grammar learners ready to refine their communication skills. Moving beyond basic sentence structures, understanding these forms allows you to express preferences, plans, and actions with much greater fluency.
Imagine being able to confidently say
I enjoy reading
instead of
I enjoy to read,
or making a polite request like "I'd like to order a coffee" without hesitation. This chapter will unlock those possibilities. You'll learn how to use -ing words as subjects, which verbs demand a gerund or an infinitive, and even discover verbs that are happy with either!
Mastering these patterns will significantly smooth out your English, making your conversations flow more effortlessly and professionally.

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

At the heart of this grammar chapter is understanding how verbs can act differently in a sentence. Sometimes, an action itself becomes the subject of your sentence, like a noun. This is where the gerund comes in.
For example,
Swimming is great exercise
– here, 'swimming' is the subject of the sentence, not an action being performed by someone. It’s an action turned into a concept.
Next, certain English verbs are followed by a gerund. These verbs often express feelings, preferences, or activities. Think of verbs like enjoy, finish, or avoid.
You'll always use the -ing form directly after them:
I enjoy learning new things,
or
He finished working late.
Trying to use an infinitive here would sound unnatural.
On the other hand, many English verbs are followed by an infinitive. These verbs frequently convey plans, desires, intentions, or necessity. Common examples include want, need, decide, and plan.
For instance,
She wants to travel next year,
or
We need to leave soon.
Here, the infinitive 'to travel' or 'to leave' clearly states the purpose or goal.
Some verbs are flexible! With verbs with gerund or infinitive where there's no meaning change, you can choose either. Verbs like start, begin, continue, and like fall into this category.
You can say,
I like reading books
or
I like to read books,
and both are perfectly correct and mean the same thing. This flexibility can make them seem less daunting.
Finally, for making polite requests, especially in formal or semi-formal situations, we use the specific structure 'would like' + infinitive. This is a crucial phrase for politeness and professionalism. Instead of
I want a drink,
you would politely say,
I would like to have a drink,
or
We would like to reserve a table.
This small change makes a big difference in how your request is perceived.

اشتباهات رایج

Learning gerunds and infinitives can be tricky, but recognizing common errors will help you avoid them.
  1. 1✗ I enjoy to read books.
✓ I enjoy reading books.
*Explanation*: The verb 'enjoy' is always followed by a gerund (-ing form).
  1. 1✗ He wants go to the park.
✓ He wants to go to the park.
*Explanation*: Verbs like 'want' are followed by the infinitive, which always includes 'to'. Don't forget the 'to'!
  1. 1✗ We would like ordering a dessert.
✓ We would like to order a dessert.
*Explanation*: For polite requests with 'would like', you must use the infinitive form ('to' + verb).

مکالمات واقعی

Here are some everyday exchanges using gerunds and infinitives naturally.

A

A

What do you like doing on weekends?
B

B

Oh, I really enjoy gardening. And I sometimes like to go hiking too.
A

A

I need to finish this report by noon.
B

B

Me too! I keep procrastinating. Maybe we can decide to work together later?
A

A

Excuse me, I would like to ask about bus times.
B

B

Certainly, which destination are you planning to visit?

سؤالات رایج

Q

What's the main difference between a gerund and an infinitive?

A gerund (verb + -ing) acts like a noun, often representing an activity or concept (e.g.,

Running is healthy
). An infinitive ('to' + verb) often expresses purpose, intention, or a future action (e.g.,
I want to learn
).

Q

How can I remember which verbs take a gerund or an infinitive?

The best way is through practice and exposure. Start by learning the most common verbs that follow each pattern (like enjoy + gerund, want + infinitive). Over time, you'll start to recognize the patterns naturally. Pay attention when you read or listen to English.

Q

Are there any verbs that can take both gerunds and infinitives?

Yes! For verbs like start, begin, continue, and like, you can use either form, and the meaning typically doesn't change. For example,

It started raining
and
It started to rain
both mean the same thing.

بافت فرهنگی

Using gerunds and infinitives correctly is not just about grammar rules; it's about sounding truly fluent and polite. Native English speakers naturally choose these forms, and mastering them helps you integrate more smoothly into conversations. Phrases like
would like to
are indispensable for showing respect in requests, making your English not just correct, but also culturally appropriate and genuinely communicative.

مثال‌های کلیدی (8)

1

**Reading** helps me relax after a long day.

خواندن بعد از یه روز طولانی بهم کمک می‌کنه آروم شم.

استفاده از کلمات -ing به عنوان فاعل (اسم مصدر)
2

**Learning** new languages opens up many opportunities.

یادگیری زبان‌های جدید فرصت‌های زیادی رو باز می‌کنه.

استفاده از کلمات -ing به عنوان فاعل (اسم مصدر)
3

I really enjoy `listening` to podcasts on my commute.

من واقعاً از گوش دادن به پادکست‌ها در مسیر رفت و آمدم لذت می‌برم.

افعال انگلیسی که با اسم مصدر (-ing) همراه می‌شوند
4

Have you finished `writing` that essay yet?

آیا تا الان اون مقاله رو نوشتی تموم کردی؟

افعال انگلیسی که با اسم مصدر (-ing) همراه می‌شوند
5

I really **want to order** sushi for dinner tonight.

واقعاً میخوام امشب برای شام سوشی سفارش بدم.

افعال انگلیسی که با مصدر دنبال می‌شوند (want to, need to)
6

We **need to finish** this group project by Friday.

ما باید این پروژه گروهی رو تا جمعه تموم کنیم.

افعال انگلیسی که با مصدر دنبال می‌شوند (want to, need to)
7

I started learning Spanish on Duolingo.

شروع کردم به یاد گرفتن اسپانیایی توی دولینگو.

افعال با اسم مصدر یا مصدر: بدون تغییر معنی
8

I started to learn Spanish on Duolingo.

شروع کردم به یاد گرفتن اسپانیایی توی دولینگو.

افعال با اسم مصدر یا مصدر: بدون تغییر معنی

نکات و ترفندها (4)

💡

بهش فکر کن: 'عملِ...'

اگه می‌تونی کلمه ing دارت رو با 'The act of [verb]' جایگزین کنی، احتمالاً یه اسم مصدره که نقش فاعل رو داره. این ترفند کوچیک می‌تونه کمکت کنه وظیفه‌ش رو بهتر بفهمی!
The act of reading is my hobby.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: استفاده از کلمات -ing به عنوان فاعل (اسم مصدر)
💡

لیست ذهنی بساز

به جای حفظ کردن، سعی کن این فعل‌ها رو توی محتوای انگلیسی که مصرف می‌کنی پیدا کنی. هرچی بیشتر ببینیشون، طبیعی‌تر به نظرت میان.
I suggest watching this movie.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: افعال انگلیسی که با اسم مصدر (-ing) همراه می‌شوند
💡

به 'کار آینده' فکر کن!

خیلی از فعل‌هایی که بعدشون «to + فعل» میاد، دارن در مورد یه کاری حرف می‌زنن که قراره در آینده انجام بشه، یا یه تصمیمه، یا یه نیازه. اگه داری در مورد یه برنامه یا قصد آینده حرف می‌زنی، معمولاً infinitive بهترین انتخابه.
I want to learn English.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: افعال انگلیسی که با مصدر دنبال می‌شوند (want to, need to)
🎯

جریان صدای 'حرف صدادار'

انگلیسی‌زبان‌های بومی معمولاً شکلی رو انتخاب می‌کنن که بهتر به گوش میاد. اگه یه کلمه با صدای حرف صدادار تموم بشه، ممکنه 'gerund' رو انتخاب کنن تا با صدای 'to' بعدی قاطی نشه. مثلاً:
I love eating apples.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: افعال با اسم مصدر یا مصدر: بدون تغییر معنی

واژگان کلیدی (5)

Enjoy to find pleasure in Suggest to propose an idea Infinitive the base form of a verb with to Gerund a verb acting as a noun ending in -ing Request an act of asking politely

Real-World Preview

coffee

Ordering Coffee

Review Summary

  • -ing verb + verb
  • Verb + -ing
  • Verb + to + base verb
  • Verb + -ing OR to + base
  • Would like + to + base verb

اشتباهات رایج

The verb 'enjoy' must be followed by a gerund, not an infinitive. It's a common trap!

Wrong: I enjoy to read.
صحیح: I enjoy reading.

Gerund subjects always take a singular verb. Remember to treat the action as one thing.

Wrong: Swimming are fun.
صحیح: Swimming is fun.

The verb 'want' requires an infinitive. It never takes an -ing form.

Wrong: I want going home.
صحیح: I want to go home.

قواعد این فصل (5)

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job today! Keep practicing these patterns, and you'll notice your English becoming smoother every single day.

Write a diary entry for 10 minutes

تمرین سریع (10)

شکل صحیح رو انتخاب کن

___ new places is my passion.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Exploring
'Exploring' شکل اسم مصدری فعل 'to explore' هست که به عنوان فاعل جمله عمل می‌کنه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: استفاده از کلمات -ing به عنوان فاعل (اسم مصدر)

جاهای خالی رو پر کن تا یه درخواست مؤدبانه درست بشه.

I ___ to book a flight to London for next Tuesday.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: would like
برای درخواست مؤدبانه، از 'would like' و بعدش فعل مصدری استفاده می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: درخواست‌های مودبانه: 'Would Like' + مصدر

شکل صحیح فعل را برای کامل کردن جمله انتخاب کن.

My sister suggested ___ a picnic this weekend.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: having
فعل 'suggest' همیشه با Gerund میاد. پس، 'suggested having' ساختار درسته.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: افعال انگلیسی که با اسم مصدر (-ing) همراه می‌شوند

شکل صحیح فعل رو انتخاب کن تا جمله کامل بشه.

My sister hopes ___ a scholarship for university.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: to get
فعل 'hopes' برای بیان آرزوی آینده، با 'infinitive' ('to get') میاد.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: افعال انگلیسی که با مصدر دنبال می‌شوند (want to, need to)

کدوم جمله از نظر دستوری درسته؟

Choose the best option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I like to read books.
میتونی بگی 'I like to read' یا 'I like reading'، ولی نمیتونی این دو تا رو قاطی کنی و بگی 'to reading'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: افعال با اسم مصدر یا مصدر: بدون تغییر معنی

کدام جمله از فعل به درستی با Gerund استفاده کرده است؟

جمله صحیح را انتخاب کن:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I enjoy watching movies on Friday nights.
فعل 'enjoy' همیشه با Gerund میاد، بنابراین 'watching' انتخاب درسته.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: افعال انگلیسی که با اسم مصدر (-ing) همراه می‌شوند

کدوم جمله توی رستوران مؤدبانه‌تره؟

بهترین راه برای سفارش یه نوشیدنی رو انتخاب کن:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I'd like to have a Coke, please.
'I'd like to' توی محیط‌های خدماتی خیلی مؤدبانه‌تر از 'I want to' هست.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: درخواست‌های مودبانه: 'Would Like' + مصدر

جاهای خالی رو با 'gerund' یا 'infinitive' پر کن. هر دو درستن!

I love ___ (listen) to podcasts while I clean.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: both
با فعل 'love'، هم میتونی از 'listening' استفاده کنی و هم از 'to listen'، معنی هیچ فرقی نمی‌کنه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: افعال با اسم مصدر یا مصدر: بدون تغییر معنی

اشتباه جمله رو پیدا کن و درستش کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

We need buying milk from the store.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: We need to buy milk from the store.
فعل 'need' با 'infinitive' ('to buy') میاد، نه 'gerund' ('buying').

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: افعال انگلیسی که با مصدر دنبال می‌شوند (want to, need to)

کدوم جمله درسته؟

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Studying hard leads to success.
'Studying hard' عبارت اسم مصدری هست که به عنوان فاعل مفرد عمل می‌کنه، و نیاز به فعل مفرد 'leads' داره.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: استفاده از کلمات -ing به عنوان فاعل (اسم مصدر)

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

اسم مصدر شکل ing دار فعل هست که توی جمله نقش اسم رو داره. وقتی فاعله، در اصل 'انجام‌دهنده' کاره، حتی اگه یه فعالیت رو نشون بده، مثل: Reading is fun.
استفاده از کلمات ing دار به عنوان فاعل، یعنی اسم مصدر، به ما اجازه میده راجع به کارها یا فعالیت‌ها به عنوان مفهوم حرف بزنیم. این کار جملات رو خلاصه‌تر و طبیعی‌تر می‌کنه، مثلاً:
Swimming is good for your health
.
Gerund یک شکل فعل با پسوند «ing-» هست که به عنوان اسم عمل میکنه. مثلاً در جمله «I enjoy swimming»، کلمه swimming نقش مفعول فعل enjoy رو داره.
بهترین راه از طریق مواجهه و تمرینه. یک لیست شخصی از فعل‌های رایج مثل enjoy، finish، avoid و suggest که همیشه بعدشون شکل «ing-» میاد، نگه دار.
اینجا infinitive به ساختار «to + شکل اصلی فعل» اشاره می‌کنه، مثل to go, to eat یا to study. این ساختار اغلب هدف یا یه کار آینده رو بیان می‌کنه.
فعل‌هایی که infinitive می‌گیرن، معمولاً یه خواسته، یه برنامه، یه قصد یا یه ضرورت رو نشون میدن که مربوط به یه کار آینده‌ست. فکر کن دارن به چیزی اشاره می‌کنن که باید اتفاق بیفته یا دوست داری اتفاق بیفته، مثلاً
I want to travel.