疫病 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Ekibyou means a large-scale epidemic or plague.
- It is a formal, historical word compared to 'kansenshou'.
- Commonly used in history, literature, and religious contexts.
- Associated with verbs like 'ryuukou' (spread) and 'shuusoku' (end).
The Japanese word 疫病 (えきびょう - Ekibyou) is a noun that describes an infectious disease or epidemic that spreads rapidly across a large population. Historically, it carries a weight far heavier than the modern medical term kansenshou (infection). It evokes images of historical plagues, divine punishment, or societal upheaval caused by invisible pathogens. In the Japanese linguistic consciousness, 疫病 is not just a biological event; it is a historical force that has shaped culture, religion, and folklore.
- Etymological Breakdown
- The first kanji, 疫 (eki), specifically refers to an epidemic or a plague. It contains the 'sickness' radical (疒) on the outside and a phonetic component suggesting a weapon or a strike, implying that the disease strikes like a sudden attack. The second kanji, 病 (byou), is the general term for illness or disease. Together, they form a word that signifies a 'collective illness' that strikes the masses.
- Historical Nuance
- In ancient Japan, people believed that 疫病 were caused by Ekirei (epidemic spirits) or the wrath of vengeful ghosts (onryo). This led to the creation of Gion Matsuri in Kyoto, originally a ritual to appease these spirits and stop the spread of disease. When you use this word today, you are tapping into centuries of history where medicine and mythology were intertwined.
「古文書には、その年に疫病が流行し、多くの村人が亡くなったと記されている。」
(Ancient documents record that an infectious disease spread that year, and many villagers perished.)
「疫病退散」を願って、人々は神社に集まった。
(People gathered at the shrine to pray for the 'expulsion of the epidemic'.)
- Scale and Severity
- Unlike a 'cold' (kaze) or 'flu' (infuruenza), 疫病 implies a scale that threatens the stability of a community. It is used when discussing the Black Death (Pesto), Smallpox (Houtou), or Cholera (Korera) in a historical or formal context. It is rarely used for minor, individual illnesses.
「科学の進歩により、かつて恐れられた多くの疫病が克服された。」
(With the progress of science, many infectious diseases that were once feared have been overcome.)
Using 疫病 (えきびょう) correctly requires understanding its formal and slightly archaic tone. While it is a noun, it often functions as part of compound phrases or in specific grammatical structures that emphasize the spread or the ending of an outbreak.
1. Common Verb Pairings
To speak naturally, you should pair 疫病 with specific verbs that describe its behavior:
- 流行する (Ryuukou suru): To spread or be prevalent. This is the most common way to say an epidemic is happening.
- 蔓延する (Man'en suru): To spread uncontrollably or infest. This has a more negative, pervasive nuance than ryuukou.
- 終息する (Shuusoku suru): To come to an end. Used when an outbreak finally stops.
- 防ぐ (Fusegu): To prevent. Used in the context of public health measures.
「国境を閉鎖して、疫病の侵入を防ぐ。」
(Closing the borders to prevent the entry of the epidemic.)
2. Grammatical Structures
疫病 is often used in the pattern [Time/Place] + において + 疫病が + [Verb]. This structure is common in history books or formal reports.
- Pattern: 疫病の[Noun]
- Commonly used to describe the effects: Ekibyou no higai (damage from the epidemic), Ekibyou no kyoui (the threat of the epidemic).
「中世ヨーロッパでは、疫病によって人口の三分の一が失われた。」
(In medieval Europe, one-third of the population was lost due to the plague.)
You will encounter 疫病 in specific contexts that lean toward the academic, historical, or literary. It is not a word you typically hear at a casual dinner party unless the topic is quite serious.
1. Historical Media and Literature
In Jidaigeki (period dramas) or historical novels by authors like Ryotaro Shiba, 疫病 is a frequent plot point. It represents a disaster that the protagonists must overcome, often highlighting the limitations of pre-modern medicine.
「村に疫病が入り込まぬよう、祈祷師が呼ばれた。」
(A shaman was called so that the epidemic would not enter the village.)
2. News and Documentaries
When news outlets discuss global health crises in a broad, historical context, they might use 疫病 to compare current events to the past. For example, comparing COVID-19 to the 'Spanish Flu' (Supein kaze) might prompt the use of this term to emphasize the scale of the tragedy.
- Context: Academic Lectures
- Professors of history or sociology use this word to discuss the 'sociology of epidemics' (ekibyou no shakaigaku).
3. Religious and Ritual Contexts
Shrines and temples often have charms (omamori) or ceremonies dedicated to Ekibyou-yoke (warding off epidemics). You will see this word written on wooden plaques (ema) or banners during traditional festivals.
「この神社は、古くから疫病除けの神様として知られている。」
(This shrine has been known since ancient times for its deity that wards off epidemics.)
Because Japanese has several words for 'illness' and 'infection', learners often struggle with the specific nuance of 疫病. Here are the most common pitfalls to avoid.
1. Overuse in Modern Medical Contexts
The most common mistake is using 疫病 when 感染症 (Kansenshou) is more appropriate. Kansenshou is the standard medical term for 'infectious disease'. If you are at a hospital or reading a modern medical report, kansenshou is used 99% of the time. 疫病 sounds too dramatic or old-fashioned for a clinical setting.
- Wrong Usage
- 「私は疫病にかかりました。」 (I caught an epidemic.) - This sounds like you are a character in a Shakespeare play.
- Correct Usage
- 「私は感染症にかかりました。」 (I caught an infectious disease.) - Natural and modern.
2. Confusing with 伝染病 (Densenbyou)
伝染病 (Densenbyou) specifically focuses on the contagiousness (transmission) of the disease. 疫病 focuses on the event of the widespread outbreak. While they overlap, densenbyou is a bit more technical regarding how the disease moves from person to person.
3. Pronunciation Errors
Be careful not to confuse the reading. It is eki-byou. Some learners might misread the first kanji as yaku (another reading for 疫 in certain compounds like yakubyou-gami), but the standard reading for the standalone word is eki.
To truly master 疫病, you must understand its relationship with other 'illness' words in the Japanese vocabulary ecosystem.
- 1. 感染症 (Kansenshou)
- The most common modern term. Used in hospitals, government policy, and daily news. It is neutral and scientific.
- 2. 伝染病 (Densenbyou)
- Focuses on the 'contagious' aspect. Often used in legal contexts (e.g., 'Contagious Disease Prevention Act').
- 3. 流行病 (Ryuukoubyou)
- Literally 'fashionable disease' or 'prevalent disease'. It sounds slightly less serious than ekibyou and can refer to things like the seasonal flu.
- 4. パンデミック (Pandemikku)
- The loanword from 'Pandemic'. Used specifically for global outbreaks. 疫病 is broader and can be local or historical.
「疫病」は歴史的な響きがあり、「感染症」は現代的な響きがある。
('Ekibyou' has a historical ring, while 'Kansenshou' has a modern ring.)
Summary Table of Nuance
| Word | Nuance | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| 疫病 | Historical, Serious, Large-scale | History, Literature, Folklore |
| 感染症 | Scientific, Clinical, Neutral | Hospitals, Modern News |
| 流行病 | Seasonal, Common | Flu, Colds in a group |
چقدر رسمی است؟
سطح دشواری
گرامر لازم
～による (Due to/By means of)
～をきっかけに (With ... as a turning point)
～おそれがある (There is a fear/risk that...)
～に伴って (Accompanying ...)
～下で (Under the condition of ...)
مثالها بر اساس سطح
むかし、大きな疫病がありました。
Long ago, there was a big epidemic.
Simple past tense of 'arimasu'.
疫病はこわい病気です。
An epidemic is a scary illness.
Noun + wa + Adjective + Noun + desu.
疫病でたくさんの人がねています。
Many people are in bed because of the epidemic.
Particle 'de' indicating cause.
この本は疫病についてです。
This book is about epidemics.
Particle 'nitsuite' meaning 'about'.
疫病にならないように手を洗います。
I wash my hands so I don't get the epidemic.
Verb negative + 'ni you ni' (so that...).
疫病が町にきました。
The epidemic came to the town.
Subject marker 'ga' with 'kimashita'.
先生、疫病って何ですか？
Teacher, what is an 'ekibyou'?
Quotation particle 'tte' used for definitions.
疫病はとても速く広がります。
Epidemics spread very fast.
Adverb 'totemo hayaku' modifying the verb.
古い物語には、疫病の話が多いです。
There are many stories about epidemics in old tales.
Adjective 'furui' modifying 'monogatari'.
疫病が流行すると、学校が休みになります。
When an epidemic spreads, schools close.
Conditional 'to' (when/if).
神社で疫病がなくなるように祈りました。
I prayed at the shrine for the epidemic to go away.
Verb 'nakunaru' (to disappear).
昔の人は疫病をとても恐れていました。
People in the past were very afraid of epidemics.
Te-form + imashita (continuous state in past).
疫病のせいで、祭りが中止になった。
Because of the epidemic, the festival was canceled.
'no sei de' (due to - negative result).
新しい疫病が見つかりました。
A new epidemic was discovered.
Passive form 'mitsukeraremashita' or simple 'mitsukarimashita'.
疫病から家族を守りたいです。
I want to protect my family from the epidemic.
Verb stem + 'tai' (want to).
疫病のニュースを聞きましたか？
Did you hear the news about the epidemic?
Direct object 'news' marked by 'o'.
その島では、かつて未知の疫病が蔓延した。
An unknown epidemic once spread throughout that island.
Use of 'man'en' (spread/infest).
疫病の拡大を防ぐために、政府は対策を立てた。
The government took measures to prevent the expansion of the epidemic.
'tame ni' (in order to).
歴史を学ぶと、疫病が社会を変えたことがわかる。
If you study history, you can see that epidemics changed society.
Nominalizer 'koto' making a clause a noun.
疫病の流行がようやく終息に向かっている。
The epidemic's spread is finally heading toward an end.
'ni mukatte iru' (heading towards).
科学者はその疫病の原因を突き止めた。
Scientists identified the cause of that epidemic.
Compound verb 'tsukitomeru' (to pin down/identify).
疫病に対する正しい知識を持つことが大切だ。
It is important to have correct knowledge about epidemics.
'ni taisuru' (regarding/towards).
中世において、疫病は神の怒りだと信じられていた。
In the Middle Ages, epidemics were believed to be the wrath of God.
Passive 'shinjirarete ita'.
疫病の影響で、経済が大きな打撃を受けた。
The economy took a big hit due to the influence of the epidemic.
Noun + 'no eikyou de' (under the influence of).
疫病の発生源を特定するための調査が始まった。
An investigation to identify the source of the epidemic has begun.
'tame no' (for the purpose of).
この地域は、古くから疫病の被害に悩まされてきた。
This region has long been plagued by the damage of epidemics.
Passive 'nayamasarete kita' (has been troubled by).
疫病がもたらす心理的な恐怖は計り知れない。
The psychological fear brought about by epidemics is immeasurable.
Relative clause 'ekibyou ga motarasu'.
グローバル化に伴い、疫病の伝播速度は加速している。
With globalization, the speed of epidemic transmission is accelerating.
'ni tomonai' (along with/accompanying).
疫病の流行を予測することは、現代医学の課題である。
Predicting the spread of epidemics is a challenge for modern medicine.
Noun + 'wa ... kadai de aru'.
かつての疫病の教訓を、私たちは忘れてはならない。
We must not forget the lessons of past epidemics.
Negative 'te wa naranai' (must not).
疫病の流行下で、人々の連帯感が試されている。
Under the epidemic outbreak, people's sense of solidarity is being tested.
'ka de' (under the condition of).
疫病の蔓延は、社会構造の脆弱性を露呈させた。
The spread of the epidemic exposed the vulnerabilities of the social structure.
Causative 'rosei saseta'.
疫病の歴史を紐解くと、人類の苦闘の跡が見て取れる。
Unraveling the history of epidemics reveals the traces of humanity's struggles.
Verb 'himotoku' (to unravel/read deeply).
疫病は、単なる医学的現象を超えた社会学的事象である。
An epidemic is a sociological phenomenon that transcends mere medical occurrence.
'wo koeta' (transcending).
疫病の脅威に晒されたとき、デマや偏見が横行しやすい。
When exposed to the threat of an epidemic, rumors and prejudice tend to run rampant.
'ni sarasareta' (exposed to).
疫病退散の祈祷は、日本文化の深層に根ざしている。
Prayers for the expulsion of epidemics are rooted in the deep layers of Japanese culture.
'ni nezashite iru' (rooted in).
疫病の流行は、しばしば既存の権力構造を揺るがす。
The spread of epidemics often shakes existing power structures.
Adverb 'shibashiba' (often).
疫病という不可視の敵に対し、人類は英知を結集してきた。
Humanity has gathered its collective wisdom against the invisible enemy known as 'ekibyou'.
Apposition 'ekibyou to iu'.
疫病の終息は、公衆衛生の向上と密接に関連している。
The end of an epidemic is closely related to the improvement of public health.
'to missetsu ni kanren shite iru'.
疫病がもたらすパラダイムシフトについて議論する。
We will discuss the paradigm shift brought about by epidemics.
Noun phrase 'motarasu paradigm shift'.
疫病の猖獗を極める中、統治機構の機能不全が露わになった。
While the epidemic reached its peak of fury, the dysfunction of the governing bodies became apparent.
Noun 'shoukyetsu' (fury/rampancy).
疫病は、文明の進展が孕むパラドックスを鋭く突きつける。
Epidemics sharply confront us with the paradoxes inherent in the progress of civilization.
Verb 'hamu' (to contain/harbor).
疫病というメタファーを通じて、社会の病理を解剖する。
Through the metaphor of 'ekibyou', we dissect the pathology of society.
Particle 'tsuujite' (through).
疫病の災禍を免れるための、先人たちの血の滲むような努力。
The blood-sweating efforts of our ancestors to escape the calamity of epidemics.
Idiom 'chi no nijimu you na' (painstaking).
疫病の蔓延が、宗教的権威の失墜を招いた歴史的事例。
Historical instances where the spread of epidemics led to the fall of religious authority.
Noun 'shissui' (fall/loss of power).
疫病の流行動態を数理モデルで記述する試み。
An attempt to describe the epidemic's prevalence dynamics using mathematical models.
Noun 'ryuukou doutai' (prevalence dynamics).
疫病は、生と死の境界を曖昧にし、実存的な問いを突きつける。
Epidemics blur the boundary between life and death, forcing existential questions upon us.
Adjective 'jitsuzonteki' (existential).
疫病の記憶をいかに継承し、未来の危機に備えるべきか。
How should we pass down the memory of epidemics and prepare for future crises?
Adverb 'ikani' (how/in what way).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
General illness vs. large-scale epidemic.
Common cold vs. serious plague.
Injury vs. infectious disease.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
الگوهای جملهسازی
نحوه استفاده
Highly formal and serious.
Modern medical contexts prefer 感染症.
- Using 疫病 for a simple cold.
- Misreading 疫 as 'yaku' in the word 疫病 (it's 'eki').
- Writing the kanji 疫 without the 'weapon' part inside.
- Using it in a hospital to describe your own symptoms.
- Confusing it with 流行 (fashion/trend) without the 'disease' context.
نکات
Festival Connection
Many Japanese summer festivals were originally rituals to stop 疫病.
The Radical
The 疒 radical always relates to sickness. Look for it in 病, 痛, and 疲.
Dramatic Effect
Use 疫病 in creative writing to give a sense of impending doom.
Compound Words
Learning 疫 will help you understand 'men'eki' (immunity) and 'ken'eki' (quarantine).
The Nara Period
A famous 疫病 in 735 killed 1/3 of Japan's population.
Sound Association
'Eki' sounds like 'Achey' (if you stretch it). An epidemic makes everyone achey.
Pitch Accent
Keep your voice flat (Heiban) when saying えきびょう.
Solidarity
疫病 is often used when discussing how communities stick together.
Formal Essays
This is a great word for JLPT N1/N2 level essays on social issues.
Period Dramas
Watch 'Jin' (medical drama) to hear this word used frequently.
حفظ کنید
ریشه کلمه
Sino-Japanese (Kango)
بافت فرهنگی
A three-legged mermaid yokai that predicts epidemics.
Started in 869 to appease the gods during a plague.
The deity responsible for spreading diseases.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"日本の歴史の中で、一番怖かった疫病は何ですか？"
"疫病退散の祭りについて知っていますか？"
"最近のパンデミックを「疫病」と呼ぶのはどう思いますか？"
"アマビエという疫病除けの妖怪を知っていますか？"
"疫病が流行した時、昔の人はどうやって身を守ったのでしょうか？"
موضوعات نگارش
もし自分が中世の疫病が流行している村にいたら、どうしますか？
疫病が社会に与える影響について、あなたの考えを書いてください。
「疫病神」と呼ばれたくない理由を、言葉のニュアンスから説明してください。
سوالات متداول
10 سوالYes, but it sounds dramatic. In news, 'shingata corona uirusu kansenshou' is standard. In a historical or broad sense, 'ekibyou' is fine.
'Ekibyou' is historical/literary; 'kansenshou' is modern/medical.
It is common in reading and formal contexts, but rare in casual speech.
It is 疫 (epidemic) and 病 (illness).
It literally means 'plague god' but is used to describe someone who brings bad luck.
No, it is only a noun. You use it with verbs like 'suru' in compounds.
Usually, it implies a serious threat to life, but technically it just means a widespread infectious disease.
There is no direct opposite noun, but 'kenkou' (health) is the general opposite state.
Usually for humans. For animals, 'kachiku densenbyou' is more common.
Because immunity is the body's way of avoiding 'eki' (epidemics).
خودت رو بسنج 167 سوال
/ 167 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
疫病 (Ekibyou) is the word you use when an illness isn't just a medical problem, but a historical event or a societal disaster. It connects the biological reality of disease with the cultural history of Japan.
- Ekibyou means a large-scale epidemic or plague.
- It is a formal, historical word compared to 'kansenshou'.
- Commonly used in history, literature, and religious contexts.
- Associated with verbs like 'ryuukou' (spread) and 'shuusoku' (end).
Festival Connection
Many Japanese summer festivals were originally rituals to stop 疫病.
The Radical
The 疒 radical always relates to sickness. Look for it in 病, 痛, and 疲.
Dramatic Effect
Use 疫病 in creative writing to give a sense of impending doom.
Compound Words
Learning 疫 will help you understand 'men'eki' (immunity) and 'ken'eki' (quarantine).
مثال
疫病が広がります。
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر Health
手当
A11. کمکهای اولیه، درمان. 2. کمکهزینه، فوقالعاده شغل.
麻酔
A1ماده یا تکنیک پزشکی که برای جلوگیری از درد در حین جراحی با ایجاد بی حسی یا بیهوشی استفاده می شود.
抗体
A1آنتیبادی یک پروتئین محافظ است که توسط سیستم ایمنی تولید میشود. این به مبارزه با ویروسها و باکتریها کمک میکند.
献血
A1عمل اهدای داوطلبانه خون برای مصارف پزشکی. این یک مشارکت اجتماعی رایج در ژاپن است.
介護
A1کایگو به معنای مراقبت طولانیمدت از سالمندان یا افراد دارای معلولیت است.
検診
A1یک معاینه پزشکی یا غربالگری که به طور خاص با هدف شناسایی یک بیماری خاص در یک فرد سالم انجام میشود.
診療所
A1یک کلینیک پزشکی یا مرکز سرپایی که مراقبتهای اولیه را ارائه میدهد.
病状
A1وضعیت پزشکی یا روند پیشرفت بیماری در یک بیمار.
歯科
A1دندانپزشکی (shika) شاخه ای از پزشکی است که با دندان ها سروکار دارد.
皮膚科
A1بخش پوست و مو به درمان بیماریهای مربوط به پوست میپردازد.
