B1 · 中級 チャプター 23

Introduction to Phrasal Verbs

4 トータルルール
48 例文
5 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock natural English by mastering the unique combinations of verbs and prepositions.

  • Identify the structure of phrasal verbs.
  • Interpret the meaning of common verb-particle pairs.
  • Apply phrasal verbs to describe daily routines.
Speak like a local, one phrasal verb at a time.

学べること

Ready to discover the 'secret code' of everyday English? This chapter will help you master phrasal verbs like 'get up' or 'turn on,' so you can express yourself more naturally and confidently.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use at least five common phrasal verbs correctly in a short paragraph.

チャプターガイド

Overview

As you continue your English learning journey at the B1 level, you're likely noticing that native speakers often use expressions that don't always translate literally. This is where an introduction to phrasal verbs becomes incredibly important. Mastering these common constructions is the fastest way to transition from sounding purely academic to sounding much more natural and confident in everyday conversations.
They are truly the secret code that unlocks a more authentic communication style.
This chapter will help you decode these essential elements of B1 English grammar. You'll discover how combining simple verbs with small words, known as particles like 'up' or 'on', creates entirely new meanings. Think of words like 'get up' (to leave your bed) or 'turn on' (to activate a device).
These are not just two separate words; they act as single units of meaning, allowing you to express a wide range of actions and ideas with remarkable clarity and naturalness. Understanding these everyday action pairs is key to making your English sound modern and casual.

How This Grammar Works

At its core, a phrasal verb is a verb combined with a particle (usually a preposition or adverb) that creates a new meaning, often one that cannot be guessed from the individual words. Imagine the verb get. It means to obtain or receive. But add up, and 'get up' suddenly means to rise from bed or a seated position.
This highlights the idea that phrasal verbs act as single units of meaning, making them indispensable for natural communication.
These combinations are so common that they are integral to everyday English. They are a kind of secret code because their meanings are often idiomatic – you can't just look at 'turn' and 'on' and immediately know that 'turn on' means to start a machine. The particle fundamentally changes the verb's sense.
This is how these small words create big meanings. For B1 learners, recognizing these common everyday action pairs is crucial. For instance, you might know start, but native speakers often say 'turn on' the light.
Or instead of arrive, they might say 'show up'. These constructions help your English sound casual and modern. As you learn these, you'll see how mastering phrasal verbs is the fastest way to transition from sounding academic to sounding like a native speaker.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Using a single verb when a phrasal verb is more natural.
✗
I will *arrive* at the party later.
✓
I will show up at the party later.
*Explanation:* While arrive is correct, show up is a more common and natural phrasal verb in casual conversation.
  1. 1Misunderstanding the combined meaning of a phrasal verb.
✗
Can you *turn* the TV? I want to watch the news.
(meaning turn on)
✓
Can you turn on the TV? I want to watch the news.
*Explanation:* The particle 'on' is essential here to convey the meaning of activating the device. Turn alone means to rotate or change direction.
  1. 1Separating a transitive phrasal verb incorrectly (for separable phrasal verbs).
✗
I need to pick up my friend at the airport.
(Okay, but often separated)
✓
I need to pick my friend up at the airport.
*Explanation:* For many transitive phrasal verbs, especially with pronouns, the object goes between the verb and the particle. Pick him up sounds more natural than pick up him.

Real Conversations

A

A

Hey, do you want to hang out this weekend?
B

B

Sure! What do you have in mind?
A

A

"I can't believe I didn't write down that important phone number."
B

B

Oh no! Maybe you can look it up online later?
A

A

My car suddenly broke down on the highway.
B

B

"That's terrible! Do you need me to pick you up?"

Quick FAQ

Q

What exactly is an English phrasal verb?

A phrasal verb is a verb combined with a small word (a particle like an adverb or preposition) that changes its meaning entirely. For example, get means to obtain, but 'get up' means to rise.

Q

Why are phrasal verbs important for B1 English grammar?

They are crucial because native speakers use them constantly in everyday conversation. Learning them helps you understand and sound more natural, moving beyond formal textbook English.

Q

Are all phrasal verbs informal?

Not all, but many are. They often make your English sound more casual and modern, though some are used in more formal contexts too (e.g., carry out a task).

Q

How can I remember so many phrasal verbs?

The best way is to learn them in context, not just lists. Pay attention to how they're used in conversations, movies, and books, and try to use them yourself in sentences. Focus on common everyday action pairs first.

Cultural Context

Phrasal verbs are the backbone of casual, conversational English. Native speakers use them instinctively in almost every interaction, making communication feel effortless and natural. While formal writing might prefer single-word equivalents (e.g., postpone instead of 'put off'), spoken English thrives on these dynamic combinations.
You'll find regional variations in preference for certain phrasal verbs, but core ones like 'get up' or 'turn on' are universally understood across all English-speaking regions.

重要な例文 (8)

1

Please `turn on` the light, it's getting dark.

Por favor, enciende la luz, está oscureciendo.

英語の句動詞：初心者向けガイド
2

I usually `get up` at 7 AM on weekdays.

Normalmente me levanto a las 7 AM entre semana.

英語の句動詞：初心者向けガイド
3

Please `turn on` the light, it's getting dark.

電気をつけてください、暗くなってきましたね。

句動詞：秘密のコード（意味）
4

I need to `get up` early tomorrow for my flight.

明日は飛行機に乗るので、早く起きる必要があります。

句動詞：秘密のコード（意味）
5

Can you `turn on` the lights, please? It's getting dark.

電気をつけてくれる？暗くなってきたから。

日常的な行動の組み合わせ（句動詞）
6

I usually `wake up` around 7 AM during the week.

私は普段、平日は午前7時ごろに起きます。

日常的な行動の組み合わせ（句動詞）
7

I always `get up` at 7 AM, even on weekends, for my yoga class.

週末でも、ヨガのためにいつも午前7時に起きます。

英語の句動詞：小さな単語、大きな意味 (get up, turn on)
8

Can you `turn on` the lights? It's getting dark in here.

電気をつけてもらえますか？ここが暗くなってきました。

英語の句動詞：小さな単語、大きな意味 (get up, turn on)

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

文脈で学ぶ

句動詞は、文や実際の状況の中で学ぶのが一番です。孤立した定義を覚えるよりも、意味と使い方をずっとよく理解できますよ。「I need to figure out this problem.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 英語の句動詞：初心者向けガイド
💡

文脈が大切！

句動詞に出会ったら、周りの言葉によく注意してくださいね。意味が文脈によって大きく変わることがあるので、個々の単語から推測しないで！
I need to look up this word.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 句動詞：秘密のコード（意味）
💡

文脈で覚えよう

リストを丸暗記するより、文章や歌、ドラマの中で句動詞に出会った時に覚えるのがおすすめだよ。そうすると、意味と使い方が自然に身につくんだ。
This helps you understand their meaning and usage naturally.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 日常的な行動の組み合わせ（句動詞）
💡

文脈で覚える

定義を丸暗記するだけでなく、文脈の中でどのように使われているかを見てみましょう。映画や歌、会話の中で「pick up」というフレーズを聞くと、そのニュアンスが自然に分かりますよ。
I pick up new words from movies.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 英語の句動詞：小さな単語、大きな意味 (get up, turn on)

重要な語彙 (5)

Phrasal Verb A verb combined with a particle Particle A small word like 'up' or 'on' Get up To rise from bed Turn on To activate a device Look for To search for something

Real-World Preview

sun

Morning Routine

Review Summary

  • Verb + Particle
  • Get + up / Turn + on

よくある間違い

Phrasal verbs do not need reflexive pronouns like 'myself'. Just use the verb and particle.

Wrong: I get up myself at 7.
正解: I get up at 7.

You don't need 'it' if you have already mentioned the object 'light'.

Wrong: Turn the light on it.
正解: Turn the light on.

Avoid redundant pronouns after the object.

Wrong: Look for the key it.
正解: Look for the key.

Next Steps

You've unlocked a secret of the language! Keep practicing, and you'll be speaking naturally in no time.

Write 5 sentences about your morning

Continue to: Daily Life Phrasal Verbs

クイック練習 (10)

文中の間違いを見つけて修正しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

I can't `look my keys for` anywhere.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I can't `look for my keys` anywhere.
「look for」は分離不可能な句動詞です。目的語の「my keys」は句動詞全体の後に来る必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 英語の句動詞：小さな単語、大きな意味 (get up, turn on)

文の間違いを見つけて直しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

Can you pick the kids up from school?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Can you pick the kids up from school?
「pick up」は「the kids」のような名詞目的語に対して分離型なので、「pick up the kids」と「pick the kids up」の両方が正しいです。元の文はすでに正しかったので、これは柔軟性を強調するための引っかけ問題でしたね。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 句動詞：秘密のコード（意味）

正しい文を選んでください。

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She came across an old friend in the park.
「come across」（偶然出会う）は分離できない句動詞だから、目的語の「an old friend」は句動詞全体の後ろに来なければならないんだ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 日常的な行動の組み合わせ（句動詞）

句動詞を完成させるために正しい副詞（または前置詞）を選んでください。

I need to `look ___` my old photos to find that picture.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: up
「look up」は本やデータベースで情報や単語を調べるという意味だよ。「look at」は観察するという意味だけど、古い写真を探すという文脈には合わないね。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 日常的な行動の組み合わせ（句動詞）

句動詞を完成させるために正しい粒子を選びましょう。

Can you please `turn ___` the lights when you leave?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: off
「turn off」は、何か（電気や機器など）を非作動状態に切り替えるという意味です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 英語の句動詞：小さな単語、大きな意味 (get up, turn on)

句動詞を完成させるのに正しいparticleを選びましょう。

I need to `look ___` the new vocabulary word in the dictionary.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: up
「Look up」は情報を探すという意味です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 英語の句動詞：初心者向けガイド

句動詞「take off」が正しく使われている文はどれですか？

正しい文を選びましょう:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The plane will take off at 3 PM.
「take off」が飛行機の離陸を意味する場合、これは非分離型の句動詞なので、動詞と小詞は常に一緒に使われます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 句動詞：秘密のコード（意味）

句動詞を完成させる正しい小詞を選びましょう。

I need to `look ___` my keys; I can't find them anywhere.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: for
「Look for」は何かを「探す」という意味です。「Look up」は情報を調べるという意味で、「look into」は調査するという意味になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 句動詞：秘密のコード（意味）

正しい文を選びましょう。

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The plane `took off` at 9 AM.
「Take off」は（航空機が）離陸するという意味です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 英語の句動詞：初心者向けガイド

句動詞「give up」が正しく使われている文を選びましょう。

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He decided to `give up` smoking.
「give up」は通常、動名詞（「smoking」など）や習慣や活動を指す名詞と共に分離不可能な句動詞として使われます。代名詞の場合は「give it up」が正しいですが、「give smoking up」は「give up smoking」よりも一般的ではありません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 英語の句動詞：小さな単語、大きな意味 (get up, turn on)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

句動詞は動詞とparticle（前置詞や副詞）が組み合わさって、新しい意味を作るものです。例えば、「get up」はベッドから起き上がるという意味で、ただの「get」や「up」とは異なります。
句動詞は、簡潔で生き生きとした表現ができるため、日常的でくだけた英語に不可欠です。「turn off」を「extinguish」と言うよりも、会話がより自然で堅苦しくなく聞こえます。
句動詞の多くは、個々の単語の意味からは想像できない、特別な『慣用的な意味』を持っています。例えば、「run into」は文字通り何かにぶつかるという意味ではなく、『偶然出会う』という意味になりますよ。
I ran into my old friend.
意味がポイントです！動詞と小詞が一緒になって、新しい、文字通りではない意味（例: 「look up」＝調べる）を作り出しているなら句動詞です。もし前置詞が場所や方向を説明しているだけなら（例: 「walk across」 the street）、それは前置詞句ですよ。
句動詞は、動詞と小さな言葉（前置詞や副詞）が組み合わさって、新しい意味を生み出すものだよ。例えば、「get」は「得る」という意味だけど、「get up」は「ベッドから起き上がる」という意味になるんだ。
B1レベルでは、基本的な英語を超えて、より自然な表現を学ぶ段階だよね。句動詞は、日常会話やメディア、カジュアルな文章で自然に聞こえるために不可欠なんだ。辞書的な英語ではなく、より本物の英語に聞こえるようになるよ。
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