Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of expressing actions without needing to name the doer.
- Navigate passive constructions using 'on' and reflexive structures.
- Describe services performed for you using 'se faire' and 'se voir'.
- Formulate formal rules and general statements with impersonal expressions.
学べること
Ready to unlock a new level of French fluency? You know how in English we often use passive constructions like it was done or
the decision was made? French has its own elegant and super common ways to express these ideas – and they're often more natural and less formal than a direct passive translation! In this chapter, we're diving deep into expressing actions where the
doer isn't the star, or when you want to talk about something that generally happens. You'll discover why some common English passive sentences don't directly translate into French, and how to avoid those pitfalls. We'll introduce you to the versatile magic of on – an incredibly useful pronoun that effortlessly replaces many passive structures. Then, you'll learn how to express things that happen to you or are done for youusing constructions like
se faire + infinitive and se voir + infinitive. Finally, you'll master how to make general statements and rules, like it is said or it is forbidden, with the elegant se + verb (pronominal passive) and il est + participle forms.
Imagine effortlessly saying my car got fixedwithout specifying who fixed it, or
these cookies are made with chocolatewhen describing a recipe. Picture yourself reading a museum sign that says
it is forbidden to touch the artand instantly understanding the impersonal rule. These skills will make your French sound significantly more authentic and native. This chapter isn't just about grammar; it's about giving you the tools to express yourself more naturally and confidently. By the end, you'll be able to describe things that
are done or happen with ease, making your conversations smoother and your comprehension sharper. Don't worry, it's easier and more rewarding than you think! Let's go!
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間接目的語(COI)での受動態は不可:『à』を使う動詞のルールフランス語では「話しかけられた」などの間接的な動作を受動態にできません。代わりに
Onや "On m'a dit" を使って能動態で表現するのが正解です。 -
魔法の「On」:受動態の簡単な言い換え受動態を「on」+能動態の動詞に置き換えるだけで、一気にネイティブらしい自然な表現になります。
on«受動態の代わり» «自然な響き» -
〜してもらう・〜される (se faire + 不定詞)「誰かに何かをされる・してもらう」時は
se faire+ 不定詞を使いましょう。過去形でもfaitは形を変えないのが鉄則です。 -
代名動詞の受動態:〜される状況にある (se voir + 不定詞)「se voir」+「不定詞」を使えば、
êtreを使った堅苦しい受動態を避けつつ、「〜される」という状況を自然に表現できます。se voir, «不定詞», «受動的» がキーワードです。 -
受身の意味を持つ代名動詞:「〜される」の表現方法「誰が」よりも「何がどうされるか」に注目したい時は
se + verbを使いましょう。日常会話でとても自然に聞こえる便利な表現ですよ。 -
〜と言われている:非人称受動態 (La forme passive impersonnelle)特定の主語を立てずに、事実や規則を客観的に伝えるには
Il est+ 過去分詞の形を使いましょう。Il est ditやIl est interditが代表的な表現です。
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: Use the pronoun 'on' to replace passive constructions in daily conversation.
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2
By the end you will be able to: Explain that a service was performed for you using 'se faire'.
チャプターガイド
Overview
doer isn't specified, or when describing general truths.it was done or things are said. You'll discover why a literal translation of the English passive often sounds clunky or even incorrect in French, especially with certain verbs. By understanding these nuances, you'll avoid common pitfalls and unlock a more fluid communication style. This isn't just about learning rules; it's about gaining the tools to express yourself confidently and sound more like a native speaker.How This Grammar Works
one, we, they, or simply an impersonal people. It frequently replaces the passive voice. For instance, instead of *La porte a été ouverte* (The door was opened), you'd more naturally hear On a ouvert la porte (The door was opened / One opened the door).getting things done to you,French uses se faire + infinitif. This construction implies that someone else performs the action for you, or that you experience something passively. For example, Je me suis fait couper les cheveux (I had my hair cut).
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: *Le professeur a été obéi par les élèves.*
- 1✗ Wrong: *La décision a été prise par eux.*
- 1✗ Wrong: *Il s'est fait refuser l'entrée.*
Real Conversations
A
B
A
B
Quick FAQ
How does on differ from nous in B2 French grammar?
On is more informal and versatile, often meaning we, one, or people in general, and can replace the passive. Nous strictly means we and is more formal or specific.
Can all reflexive verbs be used in the pronominal passive sense?
No, only certain reflexive verbs naturally take on a passive meaning, typically when describing a process or a general truth, like se vendre (to be sold) or se dire (to be said).
When should I use se faire + infinitif versus se voir + infinitif?
Se faire + infinitif implies having something done *by someone else* (e.g., se faire couper les cheveux - to have one's hair cut). Se voir + infinitif implies *experiencing* an action or being subjected to something, often an official decision or an unwelcome event (e.g., se voir refuser - to be refused).
Cultural Context
magic onis ubiquitous in everyday conversation, often replacing both
we and the passive voice, contributing to a more fluid and less formal tone. The pronominal passive and impersonal forms are particularly common in public notices, official announcements, and general statements, providing an elegant way to convey information without specifying an agent.重要な例文 (8)
ヒントとコツ (4)
英語の直訳トラップに注意!
「誰か」ルール
On a frappé à la porte.
一致の罠に注意!
faite や faits にはなりません。ネイティブも時々間違えるポイントですが、正解は不変の fait です: "Elle s'est fait vacciner."「自分を見る」というイメージ
Je me vois offrir un cadeau.」
重要な語彙 (5)
Real-World Preview
At the Mechanic
Review Summary
- S + V + à + O
- On + V (3rd pers sing)
- S + se faire + inf
- S + se voir + inf
- S + se + V
- Il est + participe passé
よくある間違い
You cannot passivize 'parler à'. Avoid direct English translations.
Missing the reflexive pronoun changes the meaning.
Do not mix impersonal structures; pick one.
このチャプターのルール (6)
Next Steps
You've successfully unlocked a huge piece of native-level French! Keep practicing these structures in your daily writing and you'll soon use them without even thinking.
Listen to a French news broadcast and count how many times 'on' is used.
クイック練習 (10)
Find and fix the mistake:
Les pommes mange avec la peau.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 受身の意味を持つ代名動詞:「〜される」の表現方法
Find and fix the mistake:
Il fait arrêter par la police.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜してもらう・〜される (se faire + 不定詞)
Find and fix the mistake:
Il est interdite de manger ici.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜と言われている:非人称受動態 (La forme passive impersonnelle)
Ici, on ___ des journaux.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 魔法の「On」:受動態の簡単な言い換え
Nous nous voyons invité à la fête.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 代名動詞の受動態:〜される状況にある (se voir + 不定詞)
Elle s'est ___ voler son téléphone.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜してもらう・〜される (se faire + 不定詞)
Elle ___ voit refuser l'accès au site web.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 代名動詞の受動態:〜される状況にある (se voir + 不定詞)
Find and fix the mistake:
On disent que le café est bon.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 魔法の「On」:受動態の簡単な言い換え
Arrange these words:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 代名動詞の受動態:〜される状況にある (se voir + 不定詞)
Le vin rouge ___ frais. (se boire)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 受身の意味を持つ代名動詞:「〜される」の表現方法
Score: /10
よくある質問 (6)
On y va ?On arrive bientôt.
se faire は、誰かが自分のために何かをしてくれることを表す、日常的で自然な方法です。Elles se sont fait volerとなります。