Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Mesóclise happens when you insert a pronoun into the middle of a future tense verb.
- Use it only with the Future of the Present (Futuro do Presente) or Future of the Preterite (Futuro do Pretérito).
- The verb must be at the beginning of the sentence (no preceding words that attract enclisis).
- If there is a word that attracts the pronoun (like 'não'), you must use proclisis instead.
Overview
o や me などの弱い代名詞を置くことが禁じられています。これを「前置代名詞（Proclisis）」の制約と呼びます。amarei など）や条件法（amaria など）は、歴史的に「不定詞（amar）＋ haver（助動詞）」が結合して生まれたものです。かつては amar-te-hei（君を愛するだろう）のように分解されていました。この amar（不定詞）と hei（助動詞の活用）の間に代名詞が入り込む形が、現代語のメソクリシとして残ったのです。não など）」がない場合に、文頭を避けるための唯一の解決策として機能します。もし文頭に Não があれば Não o farei となり、メソクリシは起きません。この「吸引の有無」という概念は、日本語の格助詞が文の構成を決定するのと似ていますが、ポルトガル語では「代名詞の居場所」を決定するトリガーとなる点が非常にユニークです。amar | 語幹 |te / o | 目的語 |-ei / -ia | 未来形・条件法 |- 1間接目的語（
me,te,lhe,nos,vos,lhes）や再帰代名詞seの場合：不定詞にそのまま代名詞をくっつけ、その後に語尾を繋げます。例：ajudar-te-ei（君を助けるだろう）。 - 2直接目的語（
o,a,os,as）の場合：不定詞の語尾-r,-s,-zを脱落させ、代名詞をlo,la,los,lasに変形させます。さらに、直前の母音にアクセント記号を付与します。例：amar+o+ei→amá-lo-ei。
- 公的文書・法律文書：契約書や公的な声明文では、正確かつ格式高い表現が求められるため、メソクリシが多用されます。例えば、
Enviar-lhe-ei o contrato amanhã.（明日、彼に契約書を送付します）といった表現はビジネスの極めてフォーマルな場面で使われます。 - 文学・アカデミックな場：小説の地の文や、学術論文の結論部分などで、筆者の格調高い意志を示すために用いられます。
Analisar-se-á a questão com rigor.（その問題は厳密に分析されるであろう）のように、客観性を強調する際にも有効です。 - ヨーロッパ・ポルトガル語の公的なスピーチ：ニュースや政治家の演説では、メソクリシが標準的な文法として現れることがよくあります。日本人の学習者がこれを使うと、非常に教養がある印象を与えることができます。
- 1吸引語があるのにメソクリシを使ってしまう：日本語話者は「未来形だからメソクリシだ」と機械的に覚えがちですが、
não,que,quandoなどの吸引語がある場合はNão o fareiとなるのが正解です。日本語の「は」や「が」で主語を限定する感覚とは異なり、ポルトガル語には「代名詞を前に引っ張る言葉」のリストがあることを意識してください。 - 2直接目的語の変形ミス：
amar-o-eiとしてしまうミスが非常に多いです。lo/laへの変化とアクセント記号の付与を忘れるのは、日本語の助詞の省略に慣れていると起こりやすい「音の調整」の不徹底です。 - 3不定詞の語尾の消し忘れ：
fazer-lo-eiとするのは誤りです。fazerのrを消してfá-lo-eiとするのが正しい。これは、日本語の動詞活用で語幹を意識するのと同様、不定詞の原型をしっかり保持する訓練が必要です。
não などの吸引語がある場合 |Vou fazer isso や Farei isso と言うのが自然です。fá-lo-ei のようにアクセント記号がつくのですか？r を脱落させたことで、直前の母音が語尾になり、発音の強勢を維持するためにアクセント記号（á）が必要です。日本語の「拍」の意識に近いですが、強勢位置を固定するための重要なサインです。dar-to-ei（君にそれをあげる）のように、間接＋直接の順で連結されます。これは非常に高度な表現ですが、論理的なパズルとして捉えれば習得可能です。頑張りましょう！Mesóclise Formation (Verb: Dar)
| Person | Future (Standard) | Mesóclise (+te) |
|---|---|---|
|
Eu
|
Darei
|
Dar-te-ei
|
|
Tu
|
Darás
|
Dar-te-ás
|
|
Ele/Ela
|
Dará
|
Dar-te-á
|
|
Nós
|
Daremos
|
Dar-te-emos
|
|
Vós
|
Dareis
|
Dar-te-eis
|
|
Eles/Elas
|
Darão
|
Dar-te-ão
|
Phonetic Adjustments
| Verb Ending | Pronoun | Result |
|---|---|---|
|
r/s/z
|
o/a
|
lo/la
|
|
nasal
|
o/a
|
no/na
|
Meanings
A formal grammatical construction where an object pronoun is inserted between the root of a verb and its ending.
Future of the Present
Inserting a pronoun into the future tense (e.g., 'farei' becomes 'far-lo-ei').
“Dar-te-ei o presente.”
“Ajudar-me-ão amanhã.”
Future of the Preterite
Inserting a pronoun into the conditional tense (e.g., 'faria' becomes 'far-lo-ia').
“Dar-te-ia o presente se pudesse.”
“Falar-lhe-ia a verdade.”
Reference Table
| 時制 | 動詞 + 代名詞 | メソクリゼの形 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
未来形
|
Ajudar + te
|
Ajudar-te-ei
|
私はあなたを助けるでしょう
|
|
条件法
|
Dar + lhe
|
Dar-lhe-ia
|
私は彼/彼女に与えるでしょう
|
|
未来形
|
Fazer + o
|
Fá-lo-ei
|
私はそれをするでしょう
|
|
条件法
|
Dizer + nos
|
Dir-nos-iam
|
彼らは私たちに言うでしょう
|
|
未来形
|
Comprar + a
|
Comprá-la-emos
|
私たちはそれを買うでしょう
|
|
条件法
|
Trazer + me
|
Trazer-me-ias
|
あなたは私に持ってくるでしょう
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
Dir-te-ei. (Communication)
Eu te direi. (Communication)
Vou te dizer. (Communication)
Vou te falar. (Communication)
メソクリゼの世界
時制
- 未来形 Simple Future
- 条件法 Conditional
要件
- フォーマルな文脈 Writing/Speech
- 磁石なし No 'não', 'que', etc.
代名詞の位置バトル
メソクリゼを使うべき？
未来形か条件法ですか？
磁石（não, queなど）はありますか？
メソクリゼ・サンドイッチの具材
パン（動詞）
- • 不定詞 (Ajudar)
- • 時制語尾 (ei/ia)
具（代名詞）
- • me
- • te
- • lhe
- • nos
レベル別の例文
Vou te dar o livro.
I will give you the book.
Eu te darei o livro.
I will give you the book.
Vou dar-te o livro.
I will give you the book.
Eu quero dar o livro.
I want to give the book.
Dar-te-ei o livro.
I will give you the book.
Falar-lhe-ei amanhã.
I will speak to him tomorrow.
Não te darei o livro.
I will not give you the book.
Ajudar-me-ão logo.
They will help me soon.
Convidar-te-ia se pudesse.
I would invite you if I could.
Fazer-lo-ei com prazer.
I will do it with pleasure.
Dizer-nos-ão a verdade.
They will tell us the truth.
Poder-lhe-ia pedir um favor?
Could I ask you a favor?
Entregar-se-á o prêmio amanhã.
The prize will be delivered tomorrow.
Apresentar-lhe-ei os documentos.
I will present the documents to you.
Não se entregará o prêmio.
The prize will not be delivered.
Resolver-se-ia o problema facilmente.
The problem would be solved easily.
Considerar-se-ia tal medida abusiva.
Such a measure would be considered abusive.
Enviar-no-lo-ão na segunda-feira.
They will send it to us on Monday.
Se o pedires, dar-te-ei o que quiseres.
If you ask for it, I will give you what you want.
Não se far-lo-ia sem autorização.
It would not be done without authorization.
Agradecer-lhe-ei a gentileza quando nos virmos.
I will thank you for the kindness when we see each other.
Propor-se-ia uma nova solução caso o impasse persista.
A new solution would be proposed if the impasse persists.
Não se dir-nos-ia a verdade, ainda que perguntássemos.
We would not be told the truth, even if we asked.
Comprar-no-la-iam se o preço fosse menor.
They would buy it from us if the price were lower.
間違えやすい
Learners think any pronoun after the verb is mesóclise.
Learners use mesóclise after 'não'.
Learners try to use it with present tense.
よくある間違い
Não dar-te-ei
Não te darei
Dar-te-o
Dar-te-ei
Falar-te-o
Falar-te-ei
Te-dar-ei
Dar-te-ei
Fazer-lo-ei
Far-lo-ei
Dar-o-ei
Dar-lo-ei
Dizer-te-ia
Dir-te-ia
Que dar-te-ei
Que te darei
Sempre dar-te-ei
Sempre te darei
Dar-nos-lo-ei
Dar-no-lo-ei
Traz-lo-ei
Tra-lo-ei
Vê-lo-ei
Vê-lo-ei (Wait, this is enclisis, not mesóclise)
Pôr-lo-ei
Pô-lo-ei
Dar-se-ão
Dar-se-ão
文型パターン
___-te-ei o presente.
Não ___ te darei.
___-lo-ia se pudesse.
___-me-ão a verdade.
Real World Usage
O pagamento realizar-se-á em trinta dias.
Falar-lhe-ia com toda a sinceridade.
Apresentar-lhe-ei os cumprimentos.
Analisar-se-á o fenômeno sob nova ótica.
Enviar-lhe-ei o relatório amanhã.
Dar-no-lo-ão os reis.
ブラジルでのルール
Ajudar-te-ei.磁石の言葉に注意
Não te ajudarei.
ポルトガルの格式
Dir-lhe-ei a verdade.Smart Tips
Use mesóclise to add a layer of sophistication.
Stop! Do not use mesóclise.
Remember the 'lo/la' rule.
Avoid mesóclise entirely.
発音
Stress
The stress remains on the verb ending, not the pronoun.
Formal
Dar-te-EI o livro.
Assertive and serious.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Mesóclise is the 'Middle-clise'—the pronoun sits in the middle of the verb.
視覚的連想
Imagine a sandwich where the bread is the verb root and the ending, and the meat is the pronoun.
Rhyme
In the future, don't be shy, put the pronoun in the middle, like 'dar-te-ia'.
Story
A formal diplomat is writing a letter. He wants to sound very elegant. He takes his verb 'falar' and splits it in two, sliding the 'lhe' right into the center. The result is 'Falar-lhe-ei', a perfect, formal sentence.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write three sentences using 'dar-te-ei', 'falar-lhe-ei', and 'fazer-lo-ei' in a formal context.
文化メモ
Mesóclise is viewed as extremely formal and often mocked in political contexts.
It is more accepted in formal writing and literature.
It is standard in formal legal documents.
It evolved from the Latin habit of placing clitics between the infinitive and the auxiliary verb in the future tense.
会話のきっかけ
Você acha que a mesóclise ainda é necessária?
Como você diria 'Eu te darei' de forma muito formal?
Você já leu algum livro que usa mesóclise?
Por que a mesóclise é rara no Brasil?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
Amanhã, ________ o livro de volta.
Choose the best option:
O verei amanhã na reunião.
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercisesEu ___ (dar + te + ei) o livro.
Find and fix the mistake:
Não dar-te-ei o livro.
Qual é a forma correta?
o / dar-te-ei / livro
I will tell him.
Falar (mesóclise + me)
Mesóclise can be used with the present tense.
A: Faremos isso? B: Sim, ___.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
8 exercisesEu ________ se tivesse o número.
「私は（その車を）買うつもりだ」の正しい形を選んでください：
o / -ei / Entregar / -l'
I would help you (formal).
Quem ajudar-te-á hoje?
Match the forms:
Identify the compatible tense:
Eles ________ (visitar / future) no próximo mês.
Score: /8
よくある質問 (8)
Only in extremely formal writing. It is not used in speech.
Because the pronoun is 'sandwiched' between the verb root and the ending.
You must use proclisis (e.g., 'Não te darei').
Yes, future of the present and future of the preterite.
Yes, 'r', 's', 'z' change to 'lo/la'.
It is more common than in Brazil, especially in formal writing.
No, 'que' is an attractor.
Use proclisis (e.g., 'Eu te darei').
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Te daré
Spanish lacks internal verb-pronoun placement.
Je te donnerai
French structure is strictly proclitic.
Ich werde dir geben
German is not a clitic-heavy language.
Anata ni agemasu
Japanese is agglutinative but not clitic-based.
Sa-u'tika
Arabic uses suffixes, not intercalated clitics.
Wo hui gei ni
Chinese has no verb conjugation or clitics.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Related Grammar Rules
フォーマルな間接代名詞：'lhe'を使いこなす
### Overview ポルトガル語のC1レベルにおいて、単なるコミュニケーションから「洗練された表現」へとステップアップするために...
ポルトガル語の主語代名詞：Eu、Você、そして魔法の言葉 A Gente
Overview ポルトガル語を話すとき、頑張りすぎていませんか？特に、口を開くたびに `Eu`（私）と言っていませんか？英語では「I...
彼に・彼女に：間接目的語代名詞 (lhe, lhes)
### Overview ポルトガル語の学習において、間接目的語代名詞である `lhe` (単数) と `lhes` (複数) は、文を簡潔でエレガント...
ポルトガル語の所有格：私の、あなたの、彼の、彼女の (Meu, Teu, Seu)
### Overview ポルトガル語の所有代名詞（所有形容詞および所有代名詞）は、単なる「私の」「あなたの」という翻訳を超え、C1レ...
ポルトガル語の目的語代名詞：私を、君を、彼を、彼女を (me, te, o, a)
### Overview ポルトガル語学習において、直接目的語代名詞（Direct Object Pronouns：`me`, `te`, `o`, `a`, `nos`, `vos`, `o...
