Short Reported Speech: I heard that... (-ㄴ/은/는대)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use -ㄴ/은/는대 to report what you heard or read, shortening the long '다고 하다' structure.
- Verbs: Add -ㄴ/는대 (e.g., 먹는대).
- Adjectives: Add -대 (e.g., 예쁘대).
- Past Tense: Add -었/았대 (e.g., 갔대).
Overview
Korean language users frequently encounter situations requiring the relay of information acquired from another source. This concept, known as reported speech or indirect speech, is crucial for nuanced communication. While a formal, longer pattern like -다고 하다 (-dago hada) exists, native speakers commonly employ a highly contracted and efficient form: -ㄴ/은/는대(요) (-n/eun/neundaeyo).
This grammatical structure directly conveys "I heard that...", "They say that...", or "It is said that...". It serves as a concise marker indicating the speaker is not the original source of the information but is merely reporting it. Mastering this contraction is essential for sounding natural and integrating into everyday Korean conversations, from casual gossip to relaying news or facts.
This pattern is a fundamental element of B1-level Korean, allowing learners to effectively share information without claiming direct knowledge. It reflects a core linguistic principle in Korean: evidentiality – where the grammar itself encodes the source or certainty of the information being conveyed. The ability to distinguish between direct observation and reported information is a hallmark of proficient Korean speech.
How This Grammar Works
-dago haeyo). Specifically, -다고 해요 combines the declarative ending -다고 with the verb 하다 (to do/say) and the polite ending -요. The contraction streamlines this into a single, compact suffix.-요 makes the speech polite (해요체 haeyoche), while its absence results in casual speech (해체 haeche). For instance, "철수가 밥을 먹는다고 해요" (Chul-soo says he is eating) becomes the more natural and common "철수가 밥을 먹는대요".biga wayo, It's raining), it implies you observe the rain directly. However, "비가 온대요" (biga ondaeyo, I heard it's raining) signals that you received this information from another source, perhaps a weather forecast or a friend's report.Formation Pattern
-요 can be omitted for casual speech.
-는 endings in the present tense.
예쁘다 (to be pretty) | 예쁘대(요) | (I heard) it's pretty |
바쁘다 (to be busy) | 바쁘대(요) | (I heard) they're busy |
좋다 (to be good) | 좋대(요) | (I heard) it's good |
작다 (to be small) | 작대(요) | (I heard) it's small |
geu kape bunwigi-ga jeongmal joayo) – That cafe's atmosphere is really good.
geu kape bunwigi-ga jotdaeyo) – I heard that cafe's atmosphere is good.
가다 (to go) | 간대(요) | (I heard) they go/are going |
오다 (to come) | 온대(요) | (I heard) they come/are coming |
먹다 (to eat) | 먹는대(요) | (I heard) they eat/are eating |
읽다 (to read) | 읽는대(요) | (I heard) they read/are reading |
jihacheoreul tayo) – I take the subway.
jihacheoreul tandaeyo) – I heard they take the subway.
-았/었-), then attach -대(요). The choice between -았- and -었- follows standard past tense rules (vowel harmony).
-았/었) + -대(요) | 하다 → 했어요 | 했대(요) | (I heard) they did/have done |
가다 → 갔어요 | 갔대(요) | (I heard) they went/have gone |
-았/었) + -대(요) | 먹다 → 먹었어요 | 먹었대(요) | (I heard) they ate/have eaten |
읽다 → 읽었어요 | 읽었대(요) | (I heard) they read/have read |
nalssiga chuwotseoyo) – The weather was cold.
nalssiga chuwotdaeyo) – I heard the weather was cold.
-l/eul georaeyo), which is a shortened form of -ㄹ/을 것이라고 해요 (-l/eul geosirago haeyo). The choice between -ㄹ and -을 depends on whether the verb stem ends in a vowel or a consonant.
하다 → 할 거예요 | 할 거래(요) | (I heard) they will do |
먹다 → 먹을 거예요 | 먹을 거래(요) | (I heard) they will eat |
naeil biga ol geoyeyo) – It will rain tomorrow.
naeil biga ol georaeyo) – I heard it will rain tomorrow.
-raeyo) or -이래(요) (-iraeyo), contracted from -이라고/라고 해요 (-irago/rago haeyo). If the noun ends in a vowel, -래(요) is used. If it ends in a consonant, -이래(요) is used.
의사 (doctor) | 의사래(요) | (I heard) they are a doctor |
학생 (student) | 학생이래(요) | (I heard) they are a student |
선생님 (teacher) | 선생님이래(요) | (I heard) they are a teacher |
한국인 (Korean person) | 한국인이래(요) | (I heard) they are Korean |
je chingu-neun haksaeng-iyeyo) – My friend is a student.
je chingu-neun haksaeng-iraeyo) – I heard my friend is a student.
-ㄴ/은/는대(요), the stem's final consonant/vowel is usually the determinant.
ㄷ Irregular (e.g., 듣다 deutda - to listen): The ㄷ changes to ㄹ before a vowel. For present tense action verbs using -는대(요), the original ㄷ stem is treated as a consonant-ending, so no ㄹ change occurs.
듣다 → 듣는대요 (present action verb, 듣 is treated as consonant-ending)
들었어요 (past form) → 들었대요 (past tense rule applied to 들었)
ㅂ Irregular (e.g., 춥다 chupda - to be cold, 돕다 dopda - to help):
춥다, 아름답다 areumdapda): These simply add -대(요) to their original stem, as per the adjective rule.
춥다 → 춥대요 (present adjective)
아름답다 → 아름답대요 (present adjective)
돕다, 굽다 gupda - to bake): For present tense action verbs with -는대(요), the ㅂ does not change. It is treated as a consonant.
돕다 → 돕는대요 (present action verb, 돕 is treated as consonant-ending)
굽다 → 굽는대요 (present action verb, 굽 is treated as consonant-ending)
-는대(요) differs from their typical vowel-initial conjugations (e.g., 도와요, 구워요).
ㅂ irregular change occurs first to form the past stem:
도와요 (from 돕다) → 도왔어요 (past form) → 도왔대요
구워요 (from 굽다) → 구웠어요 (past form) → 구웠대요
르 Irregular (e.g., 모르다 moreuda - to not know, 빠르다 ppareuda - to be fast): The 르 changes to ㄹ라 or ㄹ러 before vowel endings. For reported speech, the original stem is treated as vowel-ending, then the appropriate rule is applied.
모르다 → 모른대요 (present action verb, 모르 is vowel-ending)
빠르다 → 빠르대요 (present adjective, 빠르 is vowel-ending)
르 irregular change happens first: 몰랐어요 (from 모르다) → 몰랐대요.
ㅎ Irregular (e.g., 빨갛다 ppalgata - to be red, 어떻다 eotteota - to be how): These are descriptive verbs (adjectives). They follow the standard adjective rule, simply adding -대(요) to the original stem, as the ㅎ irregular primarily affects vowel-initial endings.
빨갛다 → 빨갛대요 (present adjective)
어떻다 → 어떻대요 (present adjective)
ㅎ irregular change occurs first: 빨개요 (from 빨갛다) → 빨갰어요 (past form) → 빨갰대요.
When To Use It
- Relaying General Information, News, or Gossip: This is the most common use. When you hear something from another person, a news report, or read it online, -ㄴ/은/는대(요) is the ideal way to convey it, attributing the information implicitly to an external source.
- 친구 결혼한대요. (
chinggu gyeolhonhandaeyo) – I heard my friend is getting married. (Casual:친구 결혼한대chinggu gyeolhonhandae) - 새로운 식당이 생겼대요. (
saeroun sikttangi saenggyeottaeyo) – I heard a new restaurant opened. - 오늘 날씨가 춥대요. (
oneul nalssiga chupdaeyo) – They say the weather is cold today (e.g., from the weather forecast or someone else's observation).
- Expressing Surprise or Disbelief about Reported Information: When you hear something unexpected or hard to believe, this pattern can be used, often with an interrogative tone, to express your reaction, indicating you are processing new, indirect information.
- 제임스가 한국어를 진짜 잘한대요? (
jeimseuga hangugeoreul jinjja jalhandaeyo?) – James speaks Korean really well, they say? (Implies surprise or a request for confirmation, due to the speaker's prior assumptions). - 벌써 시험이 끝났대요? (
beolsseo siheomi kkeutnatdaeyo?) – The exam is already over, I heard? (Expressing disbelief or surprise at the reported fact).
- Confirming Information Heard Previously: You can use it in a question form to verify something you've been told or are unsure about, seeking confirmation from your interlocutor.
- 그 가게가 문을 닫았대요? (
geu gagega muneul dadatdaeyo?) – Did I hear that store closed? (Seeking confirmation of previously heard information). - 팀장님이 내일 회의를 취소했대요? (
timjangnimi naeil hoeuireul chwisohaettdaeyo?) – Did I hear the team leader cancelled tomorrow's meeting? (A polite way to confirm a rumour or announcement).
- Referring to Public Knowledge or Common Sayings: When reporting information that is widely known, a general consensus, or a commonly held belief, even without a specific, identifiable 'source', this pattern is appropriate to convey that it's broadly accepted.
- 운동하면 건강에 좋대요. (
undonghamyeon geongange jottaeyo) – They say exercising is good for your health (general knowledge or common advice). - 그 책이 정말 재미있대요. (
geu chaegi jeongmal jaemiittdaeyo) – People say that book is really interesting (widely recommended).
- In Informal Contexts (Texting, Online Chat): The brevity and speed of -ㄴ/은/는대 make it extremely popular in digital communication where conciseness is valued. It's an efficient way to share updates or tidbits of information quickly without needing to elaborate on the source.
나 오늘 야근한대ㅠ(na oneul yageunhandae ttu) – I heard I'm working overtime today (sad emoji). (Implies the speaker received the instruction indirectly or is relaying a schedule change).콘서트 표 벌써 매진이래!(konseoteu pyo beolsseo maejinirae!) – The concert tickets are already sold out, they say! (Quickly sharing news received from elsewhere).
Common Mistakes
- 1Confusing -대 with -데
- -대 (
-dae- Hearsay/Reported Speech): This is the reported speech contraction we have been discussing. It explicitly indicates that the information was heard or learned indirectly from someone else, a broadcast, or a written source. You are conveying what someone said or what is generally known without personal verification. - Function: Indirect statement, conveying information from an external source.
- Example: "지영 씨가 오늘 회사에 안 온대요." (
Jiyeong ssiga oneul hoesa-e an ondaeyo.) – (I heard) Jiyoung isn't coming to work today. (You received this information from someone else). - Example: "그 식당 음식이 정말 맛있대요." (
geu sikttang eumsigi jeongmal masitdaeyo.) – (They say) the food at that restaurant is really delicious. (A general reputation you've heard).
- -데 (
-de- Personal Recollection/Discovery): This ending conveys information that the speaker personally experienced, witnessed, or discovered directly, often with a nuance of recollection or mild surprise at their own observation. It's about what you yourself felt, saw, or realized. It can sometimes be translated as "I found that..." or "It turned out that...". - Function: Expressing a personally observed fact or recollection.
- Example: "지영 씨가 오늘 회사에 안 오데." (
Jiyeong ssiga oneul hoesa-e an ode.) – (I saw/realized) Jiyoung isn't coming to work today. (You personally noticed her absence). - Example: "그 식당 음식이 정말 맛있데." (
geu sikttang eumsigi jeongmal masitde.) – (I personally found that) the food at that restaurant is really delicious. (You tasted it yourself and are recalling the experience).
-dae) | -데 (-de) |-다고 해 (shortened 하다고 해) | -더라 (or -던데) |- 1Using -는대 with Adjectives
-는 particle. They simply attach -대 to the stem. This mistake often stems from overgeneralizing the action verb conjugation rule.- Incorrect: "날씨가 추운대요." (
nalssiga chuundaeyo) – (Attempting to say "I heard it's cold") - Correct: "날씨가 춥대요." (
nalssiga chupdaeyo) – (I heard it's cold) (Adjective춥다+-대요)
- Incorrect: "그 사람이 예쁜대요." (
geu sarami yeppeundaeyo) – (Attempting to say "I heard that person is pretty") - Correct: "그 사람이 예쁘대요." (
geu sarami yeppeudaeyo) – (I heard that person is pretty) (Adjective예쁘다+-대요)
- 1Overusing for First-Person Declarative Statements
- Unnatural: "저는 지금 배고프대요." (
jeoneun jigeum baegopeudaeyo) – (Literally: "I heard I am hungry") - Natural: "저는 지금 배고파요." (
jeoneun jigeum baegopayo) – I am hungry.
- "(제가) 배고프대도!" (
(jega) baegopeudaedo!) – (I said) I'm hungry! (Adding-도emphasizes repetition). - "내일 출장 간다고 했는데, 기억 안 난대?" (
naeil chuljang gandago haenneunde, gieok an nandae?) – I said I'm going on a business trip tomorrow, you don't remember (me saying that)? (Here, it's reporting what you said, not that you heard it from someone else about yourself).
- 1Confusing with Other Contracted Reported Speech Forms
-다고 해요 | "비 온대요." | "(I heard) it's raining." |-냐고 해요 | "언제 온냬요?" | "(I asked/heard) when they're coming?" |-라고 해요 | "빨리 오래(요)." | "(I heard/told) them to come quickly." |-자고 해요 | "같이 가재(요)." | "(I heard/suggested) we go together." |의사래) can look identical to the imperative -래(요), but context always clarifies the meaning.Real Conversations
Understanding how -ㄴ/은/는대(요) is integrated into everyday communication, particularly in contemporary contexts like texting and social media, provides invaluable insight beyond textbook examples. It highlights the pattern's efficiency and naturalness in conveying secondhand information.
- Casual Chat with Friends (Kakaotalk):
- A: 오늘 저녁에 뭐 할 거야? (oneul jeonyeoge mwo hal geoya?) – What are you doing tonight?
- B: 민준이가 홍대에서 술 마신대. 나도 갈까 생각 중. (minjuniga hongdaeseo sul masindae. nado galkka saenggak jung.) – Minjun said he's drinking in Hongdae. I'm thinking of going too.
- A: 어? 유진이도 거기 온대! (eo? yujinido geogi ondae!) – Oh? Yujin said she's coming there too!
- (Here, 마신대 and 온대 are casual, contracted forms of reported speech, quickly sharing information heard from Minjun and Yujin.)
- Sharing News/Gossip at Work:
- A: "김 과장님 이번에 승진한대요." (kim gwajangnim ibeone seungjinhadaeyo.) – (I heard) Manager Kim is getting promoted this time.
- B: "진짜요? 저는 못 들었는데. 언제 발표한대요?" (jinjja-yo? jeoneun mot deureonneunde. eonje balpyohandaeyo?) – Really? I hadn't heard that. When do they say it's being announced?
- (승진한대요 shares a rumor/news, and 발표한대요 is used in a question to confirm the reported schedule.)
- Online Forums/Social Media:
- Post: "새로운 아이폰 벌써 출시된대! 대박! (saeroun aipon beolsseo chulsidoendaeyo! daebak!) – (They say) the new iPhone is already released! Awesome!
- Comment: 헐 진짜? 나는 다음 달에 나온대서 기다리고 있었는데.. (heol jinjja? naneun daeum dare naondaeseo gidarigo isseonneunde..) – OMG really? I was waiting because I heard it was coming out next month..
- (출시된대 reports a release rumor, while 나온대서 (from 나온대 + -서 for reason) reports what the commenter previously heard.)
- Parental Communication (about children's activities):
- "선생님이 민지가 요즘 그림을 너무 잘 그린대요." (seonsaengnimi minjiga yojeum geurimeul neomu jal geurindaeyo.) – (I heard from the teacher that) Minji draws really well these days.
- (Here, 그린대요 attributes the observation to the teacher, common when parents relay school feedback.)
These examples illustrate that -ㄴ/은/는대(요) is not confined to formal reporting but is a highly adaptable and ubiquitous element of daily Korean. Its usage signifies a connection to a wider social network and shared information, making conversations more dynamic and true-to-life.
Quick FAQ
- Q: Can I use this to talk about myself?
- A: Generally, no, not for expressing your own current declarative state or action. Saying "I heard I am hungry" (
배고프대요) is unnatural unless you're quoting yourself to someone who didn't hear you, often with도(e.g.,배고프대도!). The primary function is to report other people's statements or general information.
- Q: Is this formal or informal?
- A: The formality depends on the presence of
-요. -대요 (-daeyo) is polite (해요체), suitable for most general conversations. -대 (-dae) without-요is casual (해체), used with close friends, family, or people younger than you. Neither form is considered highly honorific or formal in business settings, where the full-다고 합니다(-dago hapnida) might be preferred for maximum deference.
- Q: How do I say "I heard you are..."?
- A: You can use the pattern directly with the second-person pronoun
너(neo, informal 'you') or당신(dangsin, formal 'you', used less frequently in direct address) or simply imply the subject. For instance, "너 한국어 잘한대!" (neo hangugeo jalhandae!) – I heard you're good at Korean! (casual). Or, "부장님이 오늘 일찍 퇴근한대요." (bujangnim-i oneul iljjik toeguenhandaeyo.) – (I heard) the team leader is leaving early today (polite, referring to a superior).
- Q: Is it possible to use -대(요) for questions, commands, or suggestions?
- A: No. -ㄴ/은/는대(요) is exclusively for declarative statements. For reporting questions, use -냬(요) (
-nyaeyo). For commands, use -래(요) (-raeyo). For suggestions, use -재(요) (-jaeyo). Each type of reported speech has its own contracted form, stemming from-냐고 하다,-라고 하다, and-자고 하다respectively. Using -대(요) for these would be grammatically incorrect and confusing.
- Q: Why is -ㄴ/은/는대(요) so common in daily Korean?
- A: Its prevalence stems from several factors:
- Efficiency: It's a highly efficient contraction, saving syllables and making communication quicker, especially in fast-paced conversations or texting.
- Naturalness: Native speakers prefer shorter, more integrated forms. Using the full
-다고 해요can sometimes sound more formal or like a direct quote, rather than smoothly woven reported information. - Evidentiality: Korean grammar strongly marks the source of information. This pattern clearly indicates secondhand knowledge, which is a nuanced but essential aspect of Korean communication culture.
Formation of Short Reported Speech
| Type | Present | Past | Noun |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Verb
|
먹는대
|
먹었대
|
-
|
|
Adjective
|
예쁘대
|
예뻤대
|
-
|
|
Noun
|
-
|
-
|
학생이래
|
Meanings
This grammar is a contraction of '-다고 하다' (to say that...). It is used to relay information heard from others in a casual or semi-formal context.
Reporting hearsay
Relaying information heard from a third party.
“선생님이 오늘 휴강이래.”
“그 식당이 정말 맛있대.”
Confirming information
Checking if a piece of information is true by repeating it.
“그게 사실이래?”
“정말 그 사람이 범인이래?”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Present Verb
|
Stem + ㄴ/는대
|
간대
|
|
Present Adj
|
Stem + 대
|
좋대
|
|
Past
|
Stem + 었/았대
|
했대
|
|
Noun
|
Noun + (이)래
|
의사래
|
|
Negative
|
안 + Verb/Adj + 대
|
안 간대
|
|
Question
|
Stem + 대?
|
간대?
|
|
Future
|
Stem + 겠대
|
가겠대
|
Formality Spectrum
그가 온다고 합니다. (Reporting arrival)
그가 온대요. (Reporting arrival)
그가 온대. (Reporting arrival)
온다더라. (Reporting arrival)
Reported Speech Flow
Reported by You
- X + 대 I heard X
Examples by Level
민수가 온대.
I heard Min-su is coming.
비가 온대.
I heard it will rain.
맛있대.
I heard it's delicious.
바쁘대.
I heard he is busy.
내일 시험이 있대.
I heard there is an exam tomorrow.
그 영화가 재미있대.
I heard that movie is fun.
선생님이 오신대.
I heard the teacher is coming.
어제 갔대.
I heard he went yesterday.
그 식당이 문을 닫았대.
I heard that restaurant closed down.
그 사람이 범인이래.
I heard that person is the culprit.
내일 비가 많이 온대.
I heard it will rain a lot tomorrow.
그는 한국어를 잘한대.
I heard he speaks Korean well.
그 소문이 사실이래.
I heard that rumor is true.
그들은 내년에 결혼한대.
I heard they are getting married next year.
그 회사가 파산했대.
I heard that company went bankrupt.
그녀는 이미 떠났대.
I heard she already left.
정부에서 새로운 정책을 발표한대.
I heard the government is announcing a new policy.
그 학설이 틀렸대.
I heard that theory is incorrect.
그가 그 일을 맡기로 했대.
I heard he decided to take on that job.
그들은 서로 모르는 사이래.
I heard they don't know each other.
그 사건의 배후가 밝혀졌대.
I heard the mastermind behind the incident has been revealed.
그는 은퇴를 고려 중이래.
I heard he is considering retirement.
그 지역은 개발 제한 구역이래.
I heard that area is a development restricted zone.
그의 주장이 설득력이 있대.
I heard his argument is persuasive.
Easily Confused
Both sound similar but have different functions.
They mean the same thing but have different registers.
Both report information.
Common Mistakes
먹대
먹는대
예쁜대
예쁘대
가대
간대
학생대
학생이래
좋데
좋대
갔다대
갔대
바쁘데
바쁘대
먹었데
먹었대
간데
간대
예뻤데
예뻤대
말했데
말했대
학생데
학생이래
가겠데
가겠대
Sentence Patterns
___이/가 ___대.
___이/가 ___했대.
___이/가 ___이/래.
___이/가 ___할 거래.
Real World Usage
내일 비 온대!
그 식당 진짜 맛있대.
그 회사가 성장 중이라고 합니다.
이 버스가 공항에 간대.
이 집이 배달이 빠르대.
부장님이 내일 휴가래.
Listen for the -대
Don't use it for yourself
Use it to sound natural
Social distance
Smart Tips
Use -대 to sound like a native.
Use -대 for recommendations.
Use -대 for forecasts.
Use -대 to distance yourself.
Pronunciation
Final -대
Pronounced clearly as [dae].
Rising
온대? ↑
Are you sure you heard that?
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of '대' as 'They say'. 'They say' = '대'.
Visual Association
Imagine a bird whispering into your ear. The bird is saying '대! 대!'.
Rhyme
What did they say? Use -대!
Story
Min-su told me he is tired. I tell my friend: 'Min-su says he is tired.' In Korean, I just say '민수가 피곤하대'.
Word Web
Challenge
Listen to a news clip or conversation and try to report one fact you heard using -대.
Cultural Notes
Using -대 is very common in social settings to share news. It is a way to maintain social harmony by not claiming the information as your own.
Contraction of '다고 하다'.
Conversation Starters
오늘 날씨가 어때?
그 영화 재미있어?
내일 시험이 있대?
그 소문 들었어?
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
민수가 내일 ___ (오다).
그 영화가 ___.
Find and fix the mistake:
그 사람이 학생데.
비가 온다 -> ?
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
어제 그가 ___.
그 식당이 ___ (맛있다).
그 / 의사 / 이다
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercises민수가 내일 ___ (오다).
그 영화가 ___.
Find and fix the mistake:
그 사람이 학생데.
비가 온다 -> ?
가다 -> ?
어제 그가 ___.
그 식당이 ___ (맛있다).
그 / 의사 / 이다
Score: /8
Practice Bank
11 exercises오늘 날씨가 정말 ___ (춥다).
민수는 김치를 안 ___ (먹다).
Select the correct past tense reported speech:
지금 간대요? 아니요, 안 간대요.
Select the future tense reported speech:
그 가수가 노래를 정말 잘 ___ (하다).
Which word means 'I heard it is big'?
선생님이 내일 시험이 없대.
가격이 너무 ___ (비싸다).
의사___.
친구가 지금 공부하대.
Score: /11
FAQ (8)
-대 is for hearsay (what you heard). -데 is for personal observation (what you saw).
No, use -다고 합니다 for formal writing.
Use -었/았대 (e.g., 갔대).
No, it works for adjectives and nouns too.
-대요 is the polite version of -대.
No, use -다고 생각하다 for your own thoughts.
Not if used with friends or peers, but avoid it with superiors.
Use -이래 (e.g., 학생이래).
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
～そうだ
Japanese 'souda' can also mean 'looks like'.
Dicen que...
Spanish uses a full phrase, while Korean uses a suffix.
Konjunktiv I
German changes the verb form; Korean adds a suffix.
On dit que...
French is a phrase; Korean is a suffix.
听说...
Chinese puts the marker at the start; Korean at the end.
يُقال إن...
Arabic is a formal phrase; Korean is a casual suffix.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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