A1 Sentence Structure 9 min read Easy

Making Comparisons: More... Than (mais...que)

To compare two things, use mais [adjective] que and remember the four key irregulars like melhor and maior.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

To compare two things in Portuguese, use 'mais' + [adjective/noun] + 'do que' to say 'more... than'.

  • Use 'mais' before the adjective: 'Ele é mais alto' (He is taller).
  • Use 'do que' to connect the two things: '...do que eu' (...than me).
  • Remember that 'do que' is often shortened to 'que' in casual speech.
Mais + [Adjective/Noun] + Do que + [Comparison]

Overview

The Portuguese comparative structure mais...que functions as the primary method for expressing superiority, directly translating to "more...than" in English. It is a fundamental element of A1-level grammar, essential for comparing two entities, qualities, actions, or quantities. This pattern enables speakers to assert that one item possesses a characteristic to a greater degree than another.

Mastery of mais...que is crucial for developing descriptive abilities and engaging in basic comparative discourse.

For instance, to state that o livro (the book) has more of a certain quality than a revista (the magazine), you would employ this structure. It establishes a clear hierarchy between the two compared elements based on the specified attribute. This grammatical concept is pervasive in everyday communication, appearing in simple observations about objects to more complex statements comparing abstract concepts.

Its consistent application across different grammatical categories—adjectives, adverbs, and nouns—underscores its versatility and importance.

Understanding mais...que not only facilitates direct comparisons but also lays the groundwork for more advanced comparative and superlative structures in Portuguese. It introduces core concepts like grammatical agreement and the function of conjunctions in connecting clauses, which are recurrent themes throughout the language's grammar.

How This Grammar Works

At its core, mais...que operates by utilizing the adverb mais (more) to intensify a quality or quantity, followed by the conjunction que (than) to introduce the comparative element. The word mais acts as a quantifier or intensifier, modifying an adjective, an adverb, or a noun to indicate a higher degree or amount. The subsequent que serves as the structural link, drawing a direct comparison between the initial subject and the comparative term.
Consider the sentence A cidade é mais ruidosa que o campo. (The city is noisier than the countryside.) Here, ruidosa (noisy) is the quality being compared. Mais amplifies ruidosa, indicating a higher degree of noisiness. Que then connects this amplified quality of a cidade to o campo, the object of comparison.
A critical aspect of this structure, particularly with adjectives, is grammatical agreement. The adjective used in the comparison must agree in gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural) with the first subject of the sentence, not the second. This principle is fundamental to Portuguese grammar, ensuring syntactic coherence and clarity within the sentence.
For example, A casa é mais antiga que o apartamento. (casa is feminine singular, so antiga is feminine singular). Conversely, Os carros são mais rápidos que as motos. (carros is masculine plural, so rápidos is masculine plural).
This agreement mechanism reflects the inherent structure of Portuguese, where adjectives typically modify nouns and must inflect to match their grammatical properties. Failing to observe agreement can lead to grammatically incorrect or awkward constructions. While mais itself is invariable, its impact on the following adjective necessitates careful attention to the agreement rules.
This grammatical phenomenon is not arbitrary; it reinforces the relationship between the subject and its attributed quality, ensuring precision in description.

Word Order Rules

The sentence structure for mais...que comparisons is remarkably consistent, providing a clear framework for learners. The basic formula establishes the order of elements, ensuring that the comparative relationship is unequivocally conveyed. This predictable syntax simplifies construction, allowing learners to focus on agreement and vocabulary rather than complex inversions or ambiguous placements.
For general comparisons involving adjectives or adverbs, the structure follows this pattern:
| Element | Description | Example (A minha casa é mais confortável que o seu apartamento.) |
|:---------------|:---------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------|:
| Subject 1 | The first item being compared. | A minha casa |
| Verb | Typically ser (to be) or estar (to be). | é (from ser) |
| mais | The comparative adverb "more." | mais |
| Adjective/Adverb | The quality or manner being compared. | confortável (adjective) |
| que / do que | The conjunction "than." | que |
| Subject 2 | The second item in the comparison. | o seu apartamento |
Example with an adverb: Ele trabalha mais rapidamente que ela. (He works more quickly than she does.) Here, rapidamente modifies the verb trabalha, and the structure remains consistent. When comparing quantities, particularly with nouns, the structure adjusts slightly, placing the noun directly after mais: Subject 1 + verb + mais + noun + que/do que + Subject 2. For example, Eu tenho mais livros que você. (I have more books than you.) In these cases, the noun itself, not an adjective, is subject to the mais quantifier. This uniform word order across different parts of speech is a key feature of its ease of application.

Formation Pattern

1
Constructing sentences with mais...que involves a systematic application of the word order rules, with particular attention to the type of word being modified (adjective, adverb, or noun) and the use of irregular forms. This section details the step-by-step process for each scenario.
2
1. Comparing Adjectives (Qualities):
3
This is the most common use, highlighting a qualitative difference.
4
Step 1: Identify Subject 1 and the appropriate form of the verb (usually ser or estar).
5
O carro... é... (The car... is...)
6
Step 2: Add the invariable adverb mais.
7
O carro é mais...
8
Step 3: Insert the adjective, ensuring it agrees in gender and number with Subject 1.
9
O carro é mais rápido... (rápido agrees with carro, masculine singular).
10
Step 4: Add the conjunction que or do que.
11
O carro é mais rápido que...
12
Step 5: Conclude with Subject 2.
13
O carro é mais rápido que a moto. (The car is faster than the motorcycle.)
14
Example 2: A torta de maçã é mais doce que a de cereja. (The apple pie is sweeter than the cherry one.) doce is an adjective that doesn't change for gender in Portuguese, but it would change for number if comparing plural subjects.
15
2. Comparing Adverbs (Manner/Frequency):
16
Used to compare how actions are performed.
17
Step 1: Identify Subject 1 and the verb describing the action.
18
Ela fala... (She speaks...)
19
Step 2: Add mais.
20
Ela fala mais...
21
Step 3: Insert the adverb. Adverbs are invariable in Portuguese; they do not change form.
22
Ela fala mais lentamente... (She speaks more slowly...)
23
Step 4: Add que or do que.
24
Ela fala mais lentamente que...
25
Step 5: Conclude with Subject 2 (or a pronoun).
26
Ela fala mais lentamente que ele. (She speaks more slowly than he does.)
27
3. Comparing Nouns (Quantities):
28
Used to indicate a greater quantity of something.
29
Step 1: Identify Subject 1 and the verb (often ter – to have).
30
Nós temos... (We have...)
31
Step 2: Add mais.
32
Nós temos mais...
33
Step 3: Insert the noun being quantified. This noun usually appears in its plural form if it's a countable noun.
34
Nós temos mais ideias... (We have more ideas...)
35
Step 4: Add que or do que.
36
Nós temos mais ideias que...
37
Step 5: Conclude with Subject 2 (or a pronoun/noun phrase).
38
Nós temos mais ideias que soluções. (We have more ideas than solutions.)
39
4. Irregular Comparatives:
40
Four common adjectives have irregular comparative forms that do not use mais. These are historically derived forms and must be memorized, as using mais with them is grammatically incorrect.
41
| Adjective | Meaning | Irregular Comparative | Meaning |
42
|:---------------|:----------|:----------------------|:--------------|
43
| bom (boa) | good | melhor | better |
44
| mau () | bad | pior | worse |
45
| grande | big/large | maior | bigger/larger |
46
| pequeno (pequena) | small/little | menor | smaller/lesser|
47
Example: Este livro é melhor que aquele. (This book is better than that one.) Not mais bom.
48
Example: Minha preocupação é menor que a sua. (My concern is smaller/lesser than yours.) Not mais pequena.
49
These irregular forms are invariable in terms of gender (e.g., melhor is used for both masculine and feminine subjects) but do change for number if the subjects are plural (e.g., Os resultados são melhores que os anteriores. – The results are better than the previous ones). This regularity in irregularity makes them manageable for learners.

When To Use It

The mais...que comparative structure is employed in several distinct contexts to establish a relationship of superiority between two elements. Its utility extends beyond simple qualitative comparisons, encompassing quantitative, adverbial, and even internal comparisons within a single subject.
1. Comparing Two Distinct Entities Based on a Quality:
This is the most straightforward application, where two separate nouns (people, places, things) are compared based on a shared adjective.
  • O verão é mais quente que o inverno. (Summer is hotter than winter.) Here, verão and inverno are distinct entities, and quente (hot) is the shared quality.
  • Lisboa é mais antiga que Brasília. (Lisbon is older than Brasília.) This compares two cities based on their age.
2. Comparing Two Qualities of the Same Entity:
This usage involves assessing which of two attributes is more prominent in a single subject. The structure is Subject + verb + mais + Adjective 1 + que + Adjective 2.
  • Ela é mais inteligente que bonita. (She is more intelligent than beautiful.) This sentence indicates that while she possesses both intelligence and beauty, her intelligence is the more pronounced quality. This comparison is internal, focusing on the relative strength of two characteristics within ela (she).
  • O trabalho é mais difícil que interessante. (The work is more difficult than interesting.) This implies that o trabalho has both difficulty and interest, but difficulty predominates.
3. Comparing Quantities (with Nouns):
When discussing amounts, mais...que (or mais...do que) is used with nouns. The noun follows mais directly, and the comparison is about the volume or number of items.
  • Tenho mais tempo que dinheiro. (I have more time than money.) This is a direct comparison of the quantities of tempo and dinheiro possessed by eu (I).
  • Eles têm mais oportunidades que desafios. (They have more opportunities than challenges.) This quantifies and compares oportunidades and desafios in relation to eles.
4. Comparing Actions (with Adverbs):
This structure compares the manner in which two subjects perform an action, or how one subject performs two different actions, or how an action relates to another action/state.
  • Ele dirige mais rápido que a irmã. (He drives faster than his sister.) Here, rápido functions adverbially (it modifies the verb dirige), comparing their driving speeds.
  • Aprendi a língua mais facilmente do que esperava. (I learned the language more easily than I expected.) This compares the ease of learning to the expectation, with facilmente as the adverb.
5. Implied Comparisons:
Sometimes, the second element of the comparison can be omitted if it is clearly understood from the context. This is more common in casual speech or when responding to a previous statement.
  • Aquele bolo é mais saboroso. (That cake is tastier.) – The implicit comparison is

Comparative Structure Table

Element Function Example
Subject
The person/thing
O carro
Verb
The state of being
é
Quantifier
The comparison type
mais
Adjective/Noun
The quality
rápido
Connector
The bridge
do que
Comparison
The reference
o seu

Common Contractions

Full Form Shortened Form Context
do que
que
Informal speech
de + o
do
Standard grammar

Meanings

This structure is used to express superiority between two entities, qualities, or quantities.

1

Adjective Comparison

Comparing qualities of two subjects.

“Ela é mais rápida do que ele.”

“O café é mais quente do que o chá.”

2

Noun/Quantity Comparison

Comparing the amount of something.

“Eu tenho mais amigos do que você.”

“Ele come mais carne do que peixe.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Making Comparisons: More... Than (mais...que)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
mais + adj + do que
Ele é mais alto do que eu.
Negative
não + é + mais + adj + do que
Ele não é mais alto do que eu.
Question
É + ele + mais + adj + do que...?
É ele mais alto do que você?
Quantity
mais + noun + do que
Tenho mais livros do que você.
Irregular
melhor/pior
Este é melhor do que aquele.
Shortened
mais + adj + que
É mais fácil que ontem.

Formality Spectrum

Formal
Ele é mais alto do que eu.

Ele é mais alto do que eu. (Describing height)

Neutral
Ele é mais alto do que eu.

Ele é mais alto do que eu. (Describing height)

Informal
Ele é mais alto que eu.

Ele é mais alto que eu. (Describing height)

Slang
Ele é mais alto que eu, mano.

Ele é mais alto que eu, mano. (Describing height)

Comparative Logic

Comparison

Adjectives

  • rápido fast
  • bonito beautiful

Nouns

  • dinheiro money
  • tempo time

Examples by Level

1

O sol é mais quente do que a lua.

The sun is hotter than the moon.

2

Eu sou mais alto do que você.

I am taller than you.

3

Este livro é mais caro do que aquele.

This book is more expensive than that one.

4

Ela tem mais tempo do que eu.

She has more time than I do.

1

O Rio é mais populoso do que Curitiba.

Rio is more populous than Curitiba.

2

Não é mais difícil do que parece.

It is not harder than it seems.

3

Eles comem mais carne do que vegetais.

They eat more meat than vegetables.

4

Você é mais paciente do que eu imaginava.

You are more patient than I imagined.

1

O filme foi mais interessante do que o livro.

The movie was more interesting than the book.

2

É melhor ser mais cauteloso do que imprudente.

It is better to be more cautious than reckless.

3

Ela trabalha mais horas do que o contrato exige.

She works more hours than the contract requires.

4

Este software é mais eficiente do que o anterior.

This software is more efficient than the previous one.

1

A situação é mais complexa do que se pensava inicialmente.

The situation is more complex than initially thought.

2

Ele é muito mais qualificado do que os outros candidatos.

He is much more qualified than the other candidates.

3

A economia cresceu mais do que o esperado.

The economy grew more than expected.

4

É mais provável do que você imagina.

It is more likely than you imagine.

1

O impacto ambiental é mais severo do que as projeções indicavam.

The environmental impact is more severe than the projections indicated.

2

A obra é mais profunda do que uma leitura superficial revela.

The work is deeper than a superficial reading reveals.

3

Ele demonstrou ser mais resiliente do que qualquer um de nós.

He proved to be more resilient than any of us.

4

A política é mais volátil do que a economia.

Politics is more volatile than the economy.

1

Mais do que uma simples mudança, trata-se de uma revolução paradigmática.

More than a simple change, it is a paradigmatic revolution.

2

A sutileza do texto é mais evidente do que a sua clareza.

The subtlety of the text is more evident than its clarity.

3

A sua influência é mais perene do que a de seus contemporâneos.

His influence is more perennial than that of his contemporaries.

4

Nada é mais urgente do que a preservação da dignidade humana.

Nothing is more urgent than the preservation of human dignity.

Easily Confused

Making Comparisons: More... Than (mais...que) vs Mais vs. Mas

Learners confuse 'mais' (more) with 'mas' (but).

Making Comparisons: More... Than (mais...que) vs Mais... do que vs. Tão... quanto

Confusing superiority with equality.

Making Comparisons: More... Than (mais...que) vs Melhor vs. Mais bom

Applying the 'mais' rule to irregular adjectives.

Common Mistakes

mais bom

melhor

Bom is irregular.

mais grande

maior

Grande is irregular.

mais alto que eu

mais alto do que eu

Missing 'do' in formal writing.

mais alto de eu

mais alto do que eu

Wrong preposition.

mais do que eu tenho

mais do que eu

Redundant verb.

mais inteligente que ele é

mais inteligente do que ele

Unnecessary verb.

mais de dinheiro

mais dinheiro

No preposition needed.

mais melhor

melhor

Double comparative.

mais do que a minha

mais do que a minha (casa)

Ellipsis issues.

mais que eu gosto

mais do que eu gosto

Missing connector.

mais do que nunca antes

mais do que nunca

Redundancy.

mais do que o necessário

mais do que o necessário

Correct, but check agreement.

mais do que se esperava

mais do que se esperava

Passive voice check.

Sentence Patterns

O/A ___ é mais ___ do que o/a ___.

Eu tenho mais ___ do que você.

É mais ___ do que parece.

___ é mais ___ do que eu pensava.

Real World Usage

Social Media very common

Este filme é mais chato do que o anterior.

Texting constant

Chego mais cedo do que você.

Job Interview common

Sou mais qualificado do que os outros.

Travel common

Este trem é mais rápido do que o ônibus.

Food Delivery common

Quero mais molho do que salada.

Shopping very common

Este é mais barato do que aquele.

💡

Use 'do que' for clarity

While 'que' is common, 'do que' is never wrong and sounds more precise in writing.
⚠️

Watch out for irregulars

Never say 'mais bom' or 'mais grande'. Always use 'melhor' and 'maior'.
🎯

Agreement matters

Ensure your adjective agrees with the subject, not the object of comparison.
💬

Regional differences

Brazilians drop 'do' more often than Europeans. Be prepared for both.

Smart Tips

Always check for irregulars first.

Ele é mais bom que eu. Ele é melhor do que eu.

Use 'do que' instead of 'que'.

Isso é mais caro que aquilo. Isso é mais caro do que aquilo.

Don't add 'de' after 'mais'.

Eu tenho mais de amigos. Eu tenho mais amigos.

Ensure gender agreement.

A casa é mais alto do que o prédio. A casa é mais alta do que o prédio.

Pronunciation

/majs/

Mais

Pronounced like 'mice' in English but with a soft 's' at the end.

/du ke/

Do que

The 'o' in 'do' is closed. 'Que' sounds like 'keh'.

Rising

É mais alto do que eu? ↗

Questioning the comparison.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Mais is 'more', Do que is 'than'. Think: 'Mais' (More) is the 'Plus' sign, 'Do que' is the bridge.

Visual Association

Imagine a giant scale. On the left, a heavy 'Mais' box. On the right, a small 'Do que' bridge connecting to the second object.

Rhyme

Para comparar, não esqueça o 'mais', e 'do que' sempre atrás.

Story

Maria wanted to buy a car. She saw a red one and a blue one. She said, 'O carro vermelho é mais rápido do que o azul.' She bought the red one because it was more than just a car; it was a speed machine.

Word Web

maisdo quemelhorpiormaiormenor

Challenge

Write 5 sentences comparing items in your room using 'mais... do que' in 5 minutes.

Cultural Notes

In Brazil, 'do que' is very often shortened to just 'que' in daily speech.

In Portugal, the 'do que' is more consistently used in both speech and writing.

In some rural areas, you might hear 'mais melhor', which is considered non-standard.

The structure comes from Latin 'magis' (more) and 'de quam' (than).

Conversation Starters

Qual é mais importante: dinheiro ou tempo?

Você prefere café ou chá? Qual é mais saboroso?

O que é mais difícil: aprender português ou inglês?

Você acha que a vida na cidade é mais estressante do que no campo?

Journal Prompts

Compare your hometown with your current city.
Compare two movies you have seen recently.
Compare your current job with a previous one.
Compare the impact of technology on society today vs 20 years ago.

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct comparative.

O café é ___ quente ___ o chá.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mais / do que
Standard comparative structure.
Identify the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Este carro é mais bom do que o meu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mais bom
Bom is irregular.
Select the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ambas estão corretas.
Both are acceptable in different registers.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ele é mais alto do que eu.
Standard word order.
Translate to Portuguese. Translation

She has more books than me.

Answer starts with: Amb...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ambas estão corretas.
Both are valid.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: O filme é bom? B: Sim, mas o livro é ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: melhor
Irregular comparative.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Use: mais, caro, do que.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Este é mais caro do que aquele.
Correct syntax.
Match the comparative. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Melhor
Irregular form.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct comparative.

O café é ___ quente ___ o chá.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mais / do que
Standard comparative structure.
Identify the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Este carro é mais bom do que o meu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mais bom
Bom is irregular.
Select the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ambas estão corretas.
Both are acceptable in different registers.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

do que / mais / é / ele / alto / eu

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ele é mais alto do que eu.
Standard word order.
Translate to Portuguese. Translation

She has more books than me.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ambas estão corretas.
Both are valid.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: O filme é bom? B: Sim, mas o livro é ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: melhor
Irregular comparative.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Use: mais, caro, do que.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Este é mais caro do que aquele.
Correct syntax.
Match the comparative. Match Pairs

Match: Bom -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Melhor
Irregular form.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Complete the sentence with the correct form. Fill in the Blank

Esta sopa está _____ que a salada.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mais quente
Complete the sentence with the correct irregular comparative. Fill in the Blank

A situação dele é _____ que a minha.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pior
Find and fix the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Ela tem mais livros do eu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ela tem mais livros que eu.
Find and fix the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

As casas aqui são mais pequena que no meu país.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: As casas aqui são menores que no meu país.
Put the words in the correct order. Sentence Reorder

do que / o gato / O cachorro / é / mais barulhento

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O cachorro é mais barulhento do que o gato.
Translate the following sentence to Portuguese: Translation

My car is more modern than yours.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Meu carro é mais moderno que o seu.
Translate the following sentence to Portuguese: Translation

Today is worse than yesterday.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Hoje está pior que ontem.
Choose the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Este teste foi mais fácil que o último.
Choose the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which sentence correctly uses the irregular form?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Sua nota foi melhor que a minha.
Match the adjective with its irregular comparative form. Match Pairs

Match the pairs:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: [["bom","melhor"],["grande","maior"],["mau","pior"],["pequeno","menor"]]

Score: /10

FAQ (8)

In casual speech, yes. In formal writing, 'do que' is safer and more standard.

Some adjectives are irregular in Portuguese, just like 'good/better' in English.

No, 'mais' is invariable. Only the adjective changes.

It is used for superiority and inferiority. For equality, we use 'tão... quanto'.

The structure is the same: 'mais + noun + do que'.

Yes, especially in short answers: 'Ele é mais alto do que eu.'

Use 'menos' instead of 'mais': 'Ele é menos alto do que eu.'

Yes, Brazilians use 'que' more often than Europeans.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

más... que

Portuguese prefers 'do que' while Spanish uses 'que'.

French high

plus... que

French does not have a 'do' equivalent.

German moderate

mehr... als

German uses a completely different word for 'than'.

Japanese low

A no hou ga B yori...

Japanese places the comparison marker after the object.

Arabic low

akthar... min

Arabic uses a preposition meaning 'from' to express 'than'.

Chinese low

A bi B + adjective

Chinese uses a verb 'bi' instead of a conjunction.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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