Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
To pluralize feminine nouns ending in 'ee' (ई), change the 'ee' to 'iyaan' (ियाँ).
- If a noun ends in 'ee' (ई), drop it and add 'iyaan' (ियाँ). Example: ladki (girl) -> ladkiyaan (girls).
- The nasal sound (chandrabindu) is essential for the plural form. Example: kursi (chair) -> kursiyaan (chairs).
- This rule applies strictly to feminine nouns. Masculine nouns follow different rules.
Overview
-ई (ī) 结尾时，我们需要将其变为复数形式，规则是将其改为 -ियाँ (yā̃)。这听起来可能有点陌生，但在中文语法中，我们其实有类似的“思维模型”。लड़की (laṛkī, 女孩) 是阴性，कुर्सी (kursī, 椅子) 也是阴性。当这些以 -ी 结尾的阴性名词需要表示复数时，它们需要进行“音变”。-ी 会缩短为短元音 -ि，然后加上复数后缀 -याँ。这在语言学上是为了避免两个长元音连在一起发音时的突兀感。你可以把它理解为一种“发音的优化”。中文里我们通过增加词汇来表达复数，而印地语通过“修改词尾”来表达。这有点像我们在中文里说“一个”到“一群”的转换，只不过印地语把这种变化直接刻在了单词的“尾巴”上。记住，这个规则只适用于“阴性名词”。如果名词是阳性的，即使它以 -ी 结尾（比如 आदमी 男人），它也不会变成 -ियाँ。这就像中文里的分类逻辑，只是印地语分得更细致。- 1找到以
-ी结尾的阴性名词。 - 2将
-ी变为-ि（注意：在天城体字母中，ि移动到了辅音的左侧）。 - 3加上
-याँ。
लड़की | laṛkī | लड़कियाँ | laṛkiyā̃ | 女孩/女孩们 |बिल्ली | billī | बिल्लियाँ | billiyā̃ | 猫/猫们 |चाबी | cābī | चाबियाँ | cābiyā̃ | 钥匙/钥匙们 |रोटी | roṭī | रोटियाँ | roṭiyā̃ | 饼/饼们 |कहानी | kahānī | कहानियाँ | kahāniyā̃ | 故事/故事们 |-ि 结尾（这种情况较少），则直接加上 -याँ 即可。这就像我们在中文里遇到特殊动词变位一样，遵循“少即是多”的原则。में 在...里，पर 在...上）的时候。在A1阶段，你大部分时间都在处理这种基础句子。मुझे दो रोटियाँ चाहिए।(mujhe do roṭiyā̃ cāhie. 我想要两个饼。) —— 这里的रोटियाँ是宾语，直接使用复数形式。
ये लड़कियाँ मेरी दोस्त हैं।(ye laṛkiyā̃ merī dost haĩ. 这些女孩是我的朋友。) —— 这里的लड़कियाँ是主语，使用复数形式。
-ियाँ 就对了！这能让你在大学校园里或者逛街买东西时，准确地表达数量。- 1忘记缩短元音：很多同学习惯性地把
-ी直接变成-ीयाँ。这是错误的！因为中文里没有“为了发音顺畅而缩短元音”的习惯，大家容易忽略这一点。一定要记得：长变短，再加后缀。 - 2性别混淆：中文里我们不分阴阳性，所以很多同学看到
पानी(pānī, 水) 以-ी结尾，就想把它变成पानियाँ。这是大错特错！पानी是阳性名词，阳性名词在直接格复数中通常不变。一定要在背单词时同时记下它的性别。 - 3忽略鼻音符号：
याँ上面的那个小点（Chandrabindu,ँ）非常重要！它是鼻音化标记。中文拼音里我们有鼻音（n/ng），但印地语的这个符号表示发音时气流要通过鼻腔。丢掉它，发音就不地道了。
-ी | 变 -ियाँ | लड़की -> लड़कियाँ |-ें | किताब -> किताबें |-ा | 加 -एँ | माता -> माताएँ |-ा | 变 -े | लड़का -> लड़के |-ियाँ 是专门为“阴性+长元音ī”定制的。不要把这套逻辑套用到所有名词上。印地语就像一个精密的拼图，每种名词都有它对应的“复数拼图块”。- 1问：所有的
-ी结尾名词都要加-ियाँ吗？
हाथी 大象）通常保持不变。- 1问：如果没有加上鼻音符号会怎样？
ँ。- 1问：我怎么知道一个词是阴性还是阳性？
-ी 结尾的词是阴性的。如果你不确定，查词典时一定要看标注（f. 代表阴性，m. 代表阳性）。多读多练，语感很快就会建立起来！Feminine Pluralization Table
| Singular | Ending | Plural | Suffix Added |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Ladki
|
ee
|
Ladkiyaan
|
iyaan
|
|
Kursi
|
ee
|
Kursiyaan
|
iyaan
|
|
Saheli
|
ee
|
Saheliyaan
|
iyaan
|
|
Mithai
|
ai
|
Mithaiyaan
|
yaan
|
|
Gali
|
ee
|
Galiyaan
|
iyaan
|
|
Chidi
|
ee
|
Chidiyaan
|
iyaan
|
Meanings
This rule governs how to transform singular feminine nouns ending in the long 'ee' vowel into their plural counterparts.
Standard Pluralization
Converting singular feminine nouns to plural.
“Ladkiyaan khel rahi hain.”
“Meri do saheliyaan hain.”
Reference Table
| 单数 (-ी) | 复数 (-ियाँ) | 含义 | 使用场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
`लड़की` (laṛkī)
|
`लड़कियाँ` (laṛkiyā̃)
|
女孩
|
社交场合
|
|
`कुर्सी` (kursī)
|
`कुर्सियाँ` (kursiyā̃)
|
椅子
|
家具/居家
|
|
`गाड़ी` (gāṛī)
|
`गाड़ियाँ` (gāṛiyā̃)
|
车子
|
交通/旅游
|
|
`बिल्ली` (billī)
|
`बिल्लियाँ` (billiyā̃)
|
猫咪
|
宠物/萌宠视频
|
|
`चाबी` (cābī)
|
`चाबियाँ` (cābiyā̃)
|
钥匙
|
居家生活
|
|
`रोटी` (roṭī)
|
`रोटियाँ` (roṭiyā̃)
|
烤饼
|
餐厅点餐
|
|
`सहेली` (sahelī)
|
`सहेलियाँ` (saheliyā̃)
|
女性朋友
|
发短信聊天
|
|
`गलती` (galtī)
|
`गलतियाँ` (galtiyā̃)
|
错误
|
学习反馈
|
正式程度
Ladkiyaan khel rahi hain. (General statement)
Ladkiyaan khel rahi hain. (General statement)
Ladkiyaan khel rahi hain. (General statement)
Ladkiyaan khel rahi hain. (General statement)
阴性 -ee 名词：复数小分队
生物类
- लड़कियाँ 女孩们
- बिल्लियाँ 猫咪们
- सहेलियाँ 女伴们
物品类
- कुर्सियाँ 椅子
- चाबियाँ 钥匙
- गाड़ियाँ 车子
单数 vs 复数 大变身
如何把 -ee 名词变复数
是阴性名词吗？
是以 -ई 或 -ी 结尾吗？
现代生活使用场景
购物
- • कुर्सियाँ (椅子)
- • गाड़ियाँ (车子)
- • अलमारियाँ (衣柜)
社交
- • सहेलियाँ (朋友)
- • गलतियाँ (错误)
- • छुट्टियाँ (假期)
按水平分级的例句
Yeh ek ladki hai.
This is a girl.
Vahan do ladkiyaan hain.
There are two girls there.
Mere paas kursi hai.
I have a chair.
Vahan teen kursiyaan hain.
There are three chairs there.
Kya tumhare paas mithaiyaan hain?
Do you have sweets?
Meri saheliyaan aa rahi hain.
My friends are coming.
Dukaan mein bahut kursiyaan hain.
There are many chairs in the shop.
Woh ladkiyaan bahut achhi hain.
Those girls are very good.
Maine bazaar se bahut saari mithaiyaan khareedi.
I bought many sweets from the market.
Meri saheliyaan kal party mein aayengi.
My friends will come to the party tomorrow.
Kamre mein rakhi kursiyaan purani hain.
The chairs kept in the room are old.
Kya tumne sabhi ladkiyaan ko bulaya?
Did you invite all the girls?
Usne apni sabhi saheliyaan ko shadi mein amantrit kiya.
She invited all her friends to the wedding.
Mithaiyaan khane se pehle haath dhona zaroori hai.
It is necessary to wash hands before eating sweets.
Office ki nayi kursiyaan bahut aaramdayak hain.
The new office chairs are very comfortable.
Ladkiyaan aajkal har kshetra mein aage badh rahi hain.
Girls are progressing in every field nowadays.
Vidyalaya mein ladkiyaan ki sankhya badh rahi hai.
The number of girls in the school is increasing.
Usne mithaiyaan ka dibba khola aur sabko baanta.
She opened the box of sweets and distributed them to everyone.
Sabhi kursiyaan ko vyavasthit dhang se lagaya gaya.
All chairs were arranged in an organized manner.
Meri saheliyaan ne milkar ek naya project shuru kiya.
My friends together started a new project.
Samajik parivartan mein ladkiyaan ki bhumika atyant mahatvapurn hai.
The role of girls in social change is extremely important.
Paramparik mithaiyaan hamari sanskriti ka ek abhinn ang hain.
Traditional sweets are an integral part of our culture.
Sabha mein rakhi gayi kursiyaan ki kami mehsoos hui.
The shortage of chairs kept in the meeting was felt.
Usne apni saheliyaan ke saath milkar ek nayi kahani likhi.
She wrote a new story together with her friends.
容易混淆
Learners mix up feminine and masculine endings.
Learners use 'iyaan' when they should use 'iyon'.
Learners add 'iyaan' to all feminine nouns.
常见错误
Ladkiyan
Ladkiyaan
Kursi
Kursiyaan
Ladkiyaan (masculine)
Ladke
Mithaiyan
Mithaiyaan
Ladkiya
Ladkiyaan
Saheliyan
Saheliyaan
Galiyan
Galiyaan
Kursiyon
Kursiyaan
Saheliyon
Saheliyaan
Mithaiyon
Mithaiyaan
Ladkiyan
Ladkiyaan
Kursiyan
Kursiyaan
Saheliyan
Saheliyaan
句型
Mere paas ___ hain.
___ khel rahi hain.
Dukaan mein ___ hain.
Maine ___ khareedi.
Real World Usage
Saheliyaan aa rahi hain!
Mujhe do kursiyaan chahiye.
Ladkiyaan power!
Humne sabhi kursiyaan check ki.
Mithaiyaan order karni hain.
Yahan bahut saari galiyaan hain.
缩短音节是关键
लड़कीयाँ 是错的，要把长音变短，钩钩往左拐才对。比如：“दो लड़कियाँ”。小心男生的陷阱
आदमी (男人) 也是 -ee 结尾，但它是阳性词，不适用这个规则哦！比如：“वे आदमी हैं”。闺蜜专属词汇
सहेली 是女生的女性朋友专属词。叫上一群姐妹去逛街，就要用：“मेरी सहेलियाँ”。Smart Tips
Immediately think 'iyaan' for the plural.
Always check for the chandrabindu (ँ).
Shorten the 'ee' sound.
Check if it's masculine or feminine.
发音
Nasalization
The chandrabindu (ँ) adds a nasal sound.
Statement
Ladkiyaan hain. ↘
Falling intonation for statements.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of 'iyaan' as 'I am' (the girls are here).
视觉联想
Imagine a group of girls (ladkiyaan) sitting on chairs (kursiyaan) eating sweets (mithaiyaan).
Rhyme
Ending in ee, change to iyaan, plural is done, for everyone!
Story
A girl (ladki) went to the market. She bought many sweets (mithaiyaan). She met her friends (saheliyaan). They all sat on chairs (kursiyaan).
Word Web
挑战
Find 5 feminine objects in your room and write their plural forms in 5 minutes.
文化笔记
This rule is standard in Hindi-speaking regions.
Similar pluralization exists in Urdu.
Strict adherence to nasalization is required in formal writing.
Derived from Sanskrit pluralization patterns.
对话开场白
Tumhari kitni saheliyaan hain?
Kya tumne mithaiyaan khayi?
Kamre mein kitni kursiyaan hain?
Ladkiyaan aajkal kya kar rahi hain?
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
मेरे पास तीन ___ (चाबी) हैं。
选择正确的复数形式：
वहाँ दो बिल्लीयाँ बैठी हैं。
Score: /3
练习题
8 exercisesEk ladki, do ___.
Kursi -> ?
Find and fix the mistake:
Ladkiyan khel rahi hain.
Yeh saheli hai.
Is 'iyaan' for masculine?
A: Kitni mithai? B: Do ___.
hain / kursiyaan / do / yahan
Ladki, Ladka, Kursi, Aadmi
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesकमरे में पाँच ___ हैं。
这些女孩是我的朋友。
哪一个是 'roṭī' 的复数形式？
gāṛiyā̃ / haĩ / do / vahā̃
तुम्हारी गलतियाँयाँ बहुत हैं。
匹配单复数：
मुझे पुरानी ___ पसंद हैं。
选出单数单词：
ये नदियाँ बड़ी हैं。
bahut / haĩ / galtiyā̃ / ye
Score: /10
常见问题 (8)
No, only those ending in 'ee'. Other feminine nouns have different rules.
It is a grammatical marker for plurality in Hindi.
Absolutely not. Masculine nouns have their own rules.
The rule is the same for the long 'ee' sound.
Yes, it is standard in all forms of Hindi.
Usually by context or by learning the noun with its gender.
Some nouns might have irregular plurals, but this is the standard rule.
Use the practice exercises and try to identify feminine nouns in your daily life.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Pluralization with -s or -es
Spanish pluralization is gender-neutral; Hindi is gender-specific.
Pluralization with -s
French uses a simple -s; Hindi uses vowel-based suffixes.
Various plural endings
German endings are less predictable than Hindi's gender-based rules.
No plural marker
Japanese lacks grammatical pluralization; Hindi requires it.
Sound and broken plurals
Arabic has dual forms; Hindi does not.
No plural marker
Chinese has no plural inflection; Hindi does.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
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