Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Hindi possessives (mera, tera, aapka) must agree in gender and number with the object being possessed, not the owner.
- Use 'mera' (my) for masculine singular objects: 'Mera bhai' (My brother).
- Use 'meri' (my) for feminine singular objects: 'Meri behen' (My sister).
- Use 'mere' (my) for plural objects: 'Mere dost' (My friends).
Overview
-ā 结尾；如果名词是阳性复数，它就用 -e 结尾；如果名词是阴性（无论单复数），它就用 -ī 结尾。मेरे (mere)，而不是单数。这在中文里是没有对应语法的，中文里我们通过称呼来表达尊重，而印地语直接嵌入在语法里。这种逻辑在初级阶段就会频繁出现，习惯了这种“尊重感”的表达，你会更深入地理解印地语的文化内涵。मेर- (mer- 我的), तेर- (ter- 你的-亲密), तुम्हार- (tumhār- 你的-普通), आपक- (āpak- 您的-尊称)。मेरा | मेरे | मेरी |तेरा | तेरे | तेरी |तुम्हारा | तुम्हारे | तुम्हारी |आपका | आपके | आपकी |मेरा भाई(我的兄弟 - 阳性单数)मेरे भाई(我的兄弟们 - 阳性复数)मेरी किताब(我的书 - 阴性)
- 1
तू(tū)：极其亲密或对神灵使用，初学者慎用，容易显得粗鲁。 - 2
तुम(tum)：朋友、同事、平辈之间使用，这是最常用的“你”。 - 3
आप(āp)：对长辈、陌生人、上级使用，表示礼貌的“您”。
tumhārā 还是 āpkā），再看后面名词的性别。比如你在咖啡厅点单，对方是服务员，你要问“你的名字是什么？”，你应该用 आपका नाम क्या है? (āpkā nām kyā hai?)，因为 nām (名字) 是阳性单数，且对服务员要用礼貌的 āp。- 1受中文干扰，物主代词不随名词变化：很多学生会说
मेरा किताब。这是因为中文母语者习惯了“我的”永远不变。记住，印地语里名词决定了代词的后缀，किताब是阴性，所以必须是मेरी。 - 2混淆敬语复数：学生常说
मेरा पिताजी。因为爸爸是一个人，所以想用单数。但在印地语中，对长辈必须用मेरे पिताजी，这是文化习惯，不要用中文的“单数”逻辑去套用。 - 3在不合适的场合使用
तेरा：因为在电影里常听到तेरा，学生觉得很酷就到处用。但在现实中，对陌生人说तेरा是非常无礼的。请务必优先使用आपका。
-ā 结尾的名词多为阳性，以 -ī 结尾的多为阴性。建议背单词时直接记“名词+词性”。मेरी 或 तुम्हारी 等形式，这一点比阳性简单。tum 什么时候用 āp？āp，这永远不会出错，只会显得你很有教养。Possessive Agreement Table
| Pronoun | Masculine Singular (-a) | Feminine Singular (-i) | Plural (-e) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I (Main)
|
Mera
|
Meri
|
Mere
|
|
You (Tu - informal)
|
Tera
|
Teri
|
Tere
|
|
You (Tum - neutral)
|
Tumhara
|
Tumhari
|
Tumhare
|
|
You (Aap - formal)
|
Aapka
|
Aapki
|
Aapke
|
|
He/She/It (Yeh/Woh)
|
Iska/Uska
|
Iski/Uski
|
Iske/Uske
|
|
We (Hum)
|
Hamara
|
Hamari
|
Hamare
|
Meanings
Possessive adjectives indicate ownership or relationship. In Hindi, they change based on the gender and number of the noun they modify.
Direct Possession
Indicates ownership of an object.
“Mera ghar bada hai.”
“Tumhari gaadi kahan hai?”
Relational Possession
Indicates family or social relationships.
“Mere pita ji yahan hain.”
“Meri maa achi hai.”
Abstract Possession
Indicates possession of qualities or abstract concepts.
“Mera naam Rahul hai.”
“Tumhari soch achi hai.”
Reference Table
| 所有人 (英语) | 所有人 (印地语) | 阳性单数物品 | 阳性复数 / 尊称 | 女性物品 (单复数通用) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
My
|
Main
|
Mera
|
Mere
|
Meri
|
|
Your (亲昵)
|
Tu
|
Tera
|
Tere
|
Teri
|
|
Your (随意)
|
Tum
|
Tumhara
|
Tumhare
|
Tumhari
|
|
Your (正式)
|
Aap
|
Aapka
|
Aapke
|
Aapki
|
正式程度
Aapka ghar kahan hai? (Asking for directions)
Tumhara ghar kahan hai? (Asking for directions)
Tera ghar kahan hai? (Asking for directions)
Tera ghar kidhar hai? (Asking for directions)
按水平分级的例句
Mera naam Rahul hai.
My name is Rahul.
Meri maa achi hai.
My mother is good.
Mere dost kahan hain?
Where are my friends?
Aapka ghar kahan hai?
Where is your house?
Tumhari gaadi bahut tez hai.
Your car is very fast.
Uska bhai doctor hai.
His/Her brother is a doctor.
Hamare ghar mein khushi hai.
There is happiness in our house.
Kya yeh tumhari kitaab hai?
Is this your book?
Mujhe aapka sujhaav pasand aaya.
I liked your suggestion.
Unki baatein samajh mein nahi aayi.
Their words were not understood.
Mere pita ji ko chai pasand hai.
My father likes tea.
Tumhara faisla sahi tha.
Your decision was correct.
Aapka yogdaan sarahniya hai.
Your contribution is commendable.
Meri saari mehnat bekaar gayi.
All my hard work went in vain.
Unke vichar kaafi pragatisheel hain.
Their ideas are quite progressive.
Hamari sanskriti bahut purani hai.
Our culture is very old.
Unki kshamataon ka poora upyog karein.
Utilize their capabilities fully.
Mera anubhav yahi kehta hai.
My experience says exactly this.
Aapki uplabdhiyan prernadayak hain.
Your achievements are inspiring.
Mere saare tark vyarth the.
All my arguments were futile.
Unka vyaktitva atyant prabhavshali hai.
Their personality is extremely influential.
Meri antaratma ki awaaz suno.
Listen to the voice of my conscience.
Aapke sahyog ke bina yeh asambhav tha.
Without your cooperation, this was impossible.
Hamare purvajon ki virasat.
The legacy of our ancestors.
容易混淆
Learners use 'Main' (I) instead of 'Mera' (My).
Matching possessive to the speaker.
Using singular possessive for plural objects.
常见错误
Meri bhai
Mera bhai
Mera behen
Meri behen
Meri dosts
Mere dost
Main ghar
Mera ghar
Aapka gaadi
Aapki gaadi
Tumhara pita
Tumhare pita
Hamara kitaabein
Hamari kitaabein
Mera ghar mein
Mere ghar mein
Uska baatein
Uski baatein
Aapka kaam
Aapka kaam
Unka vyaktitva
Unka vyaktitva
Meri anubhav
Mera anubhav
Aapki yogdaan
Aapka yogdaan
句型
Yeh ___ ___ hai.
___ ___ kahan hai?
Mujhe ___ ___ pasand hai.
___ ___ bahut purani hai.
Real World Usage
Mera naya post dekho!
Tumhara reply kahan hai?
Aapka anubhav kya hai?
Meri ticket check karo.
Mera order kab aayega?
Yeh meri kitaab hai.
给爸爸的“复数”敬意
Mera papa，这听起来太没礼貌了。请永远使用复数形式 Mere papa 来表达尊重。性别盲猜小窍门
最稳妥的选择
Aapka（正式尊称）最安全。礼多人不怪，但用 Tera 可能会引起误会！比如：«आपका नाम क्या है?»英语外来词怎么用？
Smart Tips
Check the last letter of the noun. If it is -a, it is likely masculine.
Use the plural 'Mere' if you are really stuck, but try to learn the gender.
Always use 'Aapka' for strangers or elders.
Remember that plural objects always take -e.
发音
Nasalization
The 'n' in 'mera' is soft.
Aapka
The 'p' is aspirated.
Question
Aapka ghar kahan hai? ↗
Rising intonation for questions.
记住它
记忆技巧
Remember 'A-I-E': A for boy, I for girl, E for many.
视觉联想
Imagine a mirror. When you look at the object, the possessive word changes its clothes to match the object's gender.
Rhyme
Mera bhai, Meri behen, Mere dost, sabko keh.
Story
Rahul is looking for his things. He finds his 'Mera' pen, his 'Meri' watch, and his 'Mere' shoes. He is happy because everything matches.
Word Web
挑战
Label 5 items in your room using 'Mera' or 'Meri' depending on their gender.
文化笔记
Using 'Aapka' is essential for elders.
Using 'Tera' is common among close friends.
Possessives are used to show professional respect.
Derived from Sanskrit genitive markers.
对话开场白
Aapka naam kya hai?
Tumhara ghar kahan hai?
Aapki pasandida kitaab kaunsi hai?
Aapka anubhav kaisa raha?
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
Score: /3
练习题
8 exercisesYeh ___ (my) kitaab hai.
___ (your - formal) naam kya hai?
Find and fix the mistake:
Mera behen achi hai.
hai / ghar / mera / bada
My friends are here.
Match: My(m), My(f), My(pl)
Tumhara (house - m), (car - f), (books - pl)
Use: Aapka, kaam, kya, hai
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesScore: /12
常见问题 (8)
It acts as an adjective and must agree with the noun's gender and number.
Most nouns ending in -a are masculine, but you should memorize them as you learn.
Yes, it is the respectful form of 'your'.
Use 'Meri' because it is plural, or 'Mere' if you treat them with respect.
No, 'Main' is 'I'. You must use 'Mera'.
No, only the object's gender matters.
No, Hindi requires gendered agreement.
Use 'Mere' for all plural nouns, regardless of gender.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
mi/mis
Hindi requires gender AND number agreement.
mon/ma/mes
French possessives are fixed to the object's gender, while Hindi uses suffixes.
mein/meine
Hindi possessives are postpositional.
no
Hindi possessives are inflected; Japanese are not.
suffixes
Hindi uses a separate word that acts as an adjective.
de
Hindi possessives are highly inflected.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Continue With
Related Grammar Rules
印地语高级代词：主题与指代 (उसे तो, अपना, जो... वही)
概览 印地语是一种“主题突出”的语言。它喜欢把最重要的内容放在句首。在C1级别，你已经掌握了基础知识。但掌握代名词指代才是让...
印地语代词链：连接复杂的思想 (`जो... वह... अपना`)
### Overview 在学习印地语的过程中，达到C1水平的标志之一，就是不再满足于简单句的堆砌，而是能够熟练运用“代词链”（Pronoun...
印地语相互代词：“互相” (एक-दूसरे)
你有没有想过，当你试着表达人们在互相交谈时，你的印地语句子为什么会显得有些“生硬”... (Overview, How This Grammar Works, F...
代词：选择 Yah (这个) 还是 Vah (那个/Tat)
概览 欢迎来到高级印地语的“这个 vs 那个”大对决！你可能认为自己在第一周就掌握了 `yah` (这个) 和 `vah` (那个)，但在 C1 级别...
使用 'Khud' 表示强调：亲自动手 (खुद)
Overview 你可能也遇到过这样的时刻：想把某件事的功劳全揽在自己身上。也许是你亲手做了一顿大餐，或者独立修复了一个代码错误...
