B1 Complement System 9 min read 简单

结果补语:用“完”表示动作完成

在动词后面直接粘上 «完»,就能瞬间表示动作已经“大功告成”或“彻底结束”啦!

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use {完|wán} immediately after a verb to indicate that the action has been fully completed.

  • Place {完|wán} directly after the main verb: {吃完|chīwán} (finished eating).
  • For negatives, use {没|méi} + {verb} + {完|wán}: {没吃完|méi chīwán} (haven't finished eating).
  • For questions, add {吗|ma} or use the A-not-A form: {吃完了吗?|chīwán le ma?}.
Subject + Verb + 完 + (了) + Object

Overview

你有没有过在发完最后一封工作邮件时点击“发送”后的那种纯粹的满足感? ... (Simplified Chinese translation)

Resultative Complement {完|wán} Formation

Type Structure Example
Affirmative
Subject + Verb + 完 + (了)
我吃完了
Negative
Subject + 没 + Verb + 完
我没吃完
Question (吗)
Subject + Verb + 完 + 吗?
你吃完了吗?
Question (A-not-A)
Subject + Verb + 完 + 没 + 完?
你吃完没吃完?
Past Tense
Subject + Verb + 完 + 了
他写完了
Future/Intent
Subject + 要 + Verb + 完
我要写完

Meanings

The resultative complement {完|wán} signifies that an action has reached its conclusion or is entirely exhausted.

1

Action Completion

The action described by the verb is finished.

“我{看完|kànwán}了这本书。”

“请{喝完|hēwán}你的牛奶。”

2

Exhaustion of Supply

The object has been completely used up.

“钱{花完|huāwán}了。”

“水{用完|yòngwán}了。”

Reference Table

Reference table for 结果补语:用“完”表示动作完成
句式类型 中文例句 拼音 英文含义
肯定句 (过去)
看完书了
kànwán shū le
Finished reading the book
否定句 (过去)
没做完作业
méi zuòwán zuòyè
Didn't finish homework
疑问句
写完了吗?
xiěwán le ma?
Have you finished writing?
将来完成
吃完就走
chīwán jiù zǒu
Leave as soon as I finish eating
购物场景
买完单了
mǎiwán dān le
Finished paying the bill
听觉场景
听完歌了
tīngwán gē le
Finished listening to the song

正式程度

正式
我已经完成了工作。

我已经完成了工作。 (Workplace)

中性
我做完了工作。

我做完了工作。 (Workplace)

非正式
工作做完了。

工作做完了。 (Workplace)

俚语
搞定!

搞定! (Workplace)

“完”的核心用法

“完”

日常任务

  • {做完|zuòwán} Finish doing
  • {写完|xiěwán} Finish writing

消耗

  • {吃完|chīwán} Finish eating
  • {喝完|hēwán} Finish drinking

“了” vs “完”

动作发生 (了)
{我|wǒ}{看|kàn}{了|le}{书|shū} 我看了书(可能只看了一部分)。
动作完成 (完)
{我|wǒ}{看|kàn}{完|wán}{了|le}{书|shū} 我读完了整本书。

决定是否使用“完”

1

动作彻底结束了吗?

YES
使用 {动词 + 完}
NO
只用动词
2

是在说过去的事吗?

YES
加上 “了”
NO ↓

带“完”的常用动词

👀

感官

  • {看完|kànwán}
  • {听完|tīngwán}
✍️

产出

  • {做完|zuòwán}
  • {写完|xiěwán}
  • {说完|shuōwán}
🏃

身体/物理

  • {用完|yòngwán}
  • {洗完|xǐwán}
  • {跑完|pǎowán}

按水平分级的例句

1

我{吃完|chīwán}了。

2

他{写完|xiěwán}了。

3

我{喝完|hēwán}了。

4

请{看完|kànwán}。

1

你{做完|zuòwán}作业了吗?

2

我还没{看完|kànwán}这本书。

3

饭{做完|zuòwán}了。

4

钱{花完|huāwán}了。

1

这个项目我们已经{讨论完|tǎolùnwán}了。

2

虽然很累,但我还是{跑完|pǎowán}了全程。

3

超市里的牛奶都{卖完|màiwán}了。

4

你把这些文件{整理完|zhěnglǐwán}了吗?

1

经过三天的努力,我们终于{修复完|xiūfùwán}了服务器。

2

他还没{听完|tīngwán}那段录音就离开了。

3

请务必在下班前{处理完|chǔlǐwán}这些投诉。

4

这出戏还没{演完|yǎnwán},观众就开始鼓掌了。

1

直到把所有的证据都{核对完|héduìwán},他才松了一口气。

2

这项工程的复杂程度远超预期,我们很难在月底{建设完|jiànshèwán}。

3

尽管他试图掩盖真相,但警方最终还是把调查{进行完|jìnxíngwán}了。

4

在{翻译完|fānyìwán}这部巨著之后,他决定退休。

1

历经数载,他终于将这部史诗巨作{撰写完|zhuànxiěwán}成。

2

若非将这套理论{推导完|tuīdǎowán},他绝不会轻易发表论文。

3

当最后一名选手{冲完|chōngwán}终点线,比赛正式宣告结束。

4

这不仅是资源的枯竭,更是我们对自然{破坏完|pòhuàiwán}的代价。

容易混淆

Chinese Resultative Complement: Finishing actions with {完|wán} 对比 完 vs 好

Both indicate completion, but {完|wán} is about the end of the action, while {好|hǎo} is about the quality/readiness.

Chinese Resultative Complement: Finishing actions with {完|wán} 对比 完 vs 了

Both relate to past events, but {完|wán} is a complement, {了|le} is an aspect marker.

Chinese Resultative Complement: Finishing actions with {完|wán} 对比 没 vs 不

Learners often use {不|bù} for past negation.

常见错误

我不吃完

我没吃完

Use {没|méi} for past/completed actions.

完吃

吃完

The complement follows the verb.

我吃完饭了

我吃完饭了 (Correct, but note the object placement)

Object placement is flexible but standard is V+完+O.

我吃完

我吃完了

Often needs {了|le} to show state change.

你吃完吗?

你吃完了吗?

Needs {了|le} for completed aspect in questions.

我不做完作业

我没做完作业

Again, {没|méi} is required for negation.

书看完了吗?

书看完了吗? (Correct)

This is correct, but ensure the verb is transitive.

我做完好

我做完了

Don't combine {完|wán} and {好|hǎo} unnecessarily.

钱花不完

钱花完了

Distinguish between resultative and potential.

他没完作业

他没写完作业

Need a verb before {完|wán}.

这事完处理了

这事处理完了

Word order is strict.

他没完地听

他没听完

Resultative complements are not adverbs.

句型

我___完了。

你___完了吗?

我还没___完。

因为___完了,所以我们___。

Real World Usage

Texting constant

我写完了!

Food Delivery App very common

已售完

Office Meeting common

我们讨论完了。

Travel occasional

景点看完了。

Job Interview common

我已完成任务。

Social Media common

终于跑完了!

🎯

“胶水”规则

动词和“完”是天生一对,中间千万不能放任何词,要紧紧贴在一起!比如 «做完作业»。
⚠️

否定的小秘密

想说“没做完”一定要用 «没»,用 «不» 的话意思就变了哦。比如 «我没看完»。
💬

礼貌地吃饱

当别人还要给你加菜时,说 «我吃完了» 是表达“我吃饱了”最自然、最得体的方式。

Smart Tips

Always add {完|wán} to the verb.

我做作业。 我做完了作业。

Use the same verb + {完|wán} in your answer.

你写完作业了吗? 我写。 你写完作业了吗? 我写完了。

Look for {完|wán} to understand if something is sold out.

卖。 卖完了。

Use {完|wán} to clearly state task status.

我处理任务。 我处理完了任务。

发音

wán (rising)

Tone of {完|wán}

It is a second tone (rising). Ensure it is distinct from {万|wàn} (fourth tone).

Question intonation

你吃完了吗?↑

Rising pitch at the end indicates a question.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of {完|wán} as a 'W' for 'Wrapped up'. When you wrap up an action, you use {完|wán}.

视觉联想

Imagine a chef putting a lid on a pot. The lid is the {完|wán} character, signaling the cooking is finished.

Rhyme

Action done, {完|wán} is the one.

Story

Xiao Ming was hungry. He ate his bowl of noodles. He finished them all. He said, '我吃完了!' (I finished eating).

Word Web

吃完看完写完做完花完用完卖完听完

挑战

For the next 24 hours, every time you finish a task, say it out loud using the {完|wán} structure.

文化笔记

Very common in daily speech to indicate status of tasks.

Similar usage, but sometimes {好|hǎo} is preferred for 'ready'.

The structure is often translated directly from the local dialect's completion markers.

The character {完|wán} originally meant 'perfect' or 'complete'. It evolved into a resultative complement in Middle Chinese.

对话开场白

你今天的工作做完了吗?

这本书你看完了吗?

你们的项目讨论完没?

如果钱花完了,你会怎么办?

日记主题

Write about your daily routine using {完|wán}.
Describe a project you recently finished.
What happens when you run out of time or resources?
Reflect on a book or movie you finished recently.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确


Incorrect

正确


Incorrect

正确


Incorrect

正确

Test Yourself

在空格处填入正确的结果补语。

{我|wǒ}{写|xiě}___ {信|xìn} {了|le}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {完|wán}
要表示写信这个任务已经结束,使用 «完»。
哪个句子在语法上是正确的? 多项选择

选择“我还没吃完”的正确表达。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我|wǒ}{没|méi}{吃|chī}{完|wán}。
«没» 用于否定尚未完成或过去未完成的结果。
修正语序错误。 Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

{他|tā}{喝|hē}{水|shuǐ}{完|wán}{了|le}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {他|tā}{喝|hē}{完|wán}{水|shuǐ}{了|le}。
结果补语 «完» 必须紧跟在动词 «喝» 后面,放在宾语 «水» 之前。

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct form.

我还没___作业。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 写完
We need the resultative complement {完|wán} to show completion.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我没吃完
Negation of {完|wán} requires {没|méi}.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

他做完不作业。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 他没做完作业
Negation must be {没|méi} + Verb + {完|wán}.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

完了 / 我 / 饭 / 吃

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我吃完了饭
Standard SVO order with complement.
Translate to Chinese. 翻译

I finished the book.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我看完了书
Verb + {完|wán} + Object.
Match the verb to its completed form. Match Pairs

Match: 吃, 写, 跑, 卖

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 吃完, 写完, 跑完, 卖完
All these verbs take {完|wán} to show completion.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: 你作业写完了吗? B: _____

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 写完了
Direct answer to the question.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

Can you use {不|bù} with {完|wán}?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Negation of resultative complements always uses {没|méi}.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

7 exercises
重新排列词语组成正确的句子。 Sentence Reorder

{看|kàn} / {我|wǒ} / {完|wán} / {电视|diànshì} / {了|le}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我|wǒ}{看|kàn}{完|wán}{电视|diànshì}{了|le}。
翻译成中文。 翻译

你喝完咖啡了吗?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {你|nǐ}{喝|hē}{完|wán}{咖啡|kāfēi}{了吗|le ma}?
选择正确的否定形式。 多项选择

我没看完那部电影。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我|wǒ}{没|méi}{看|kàn}{完|wán}。
将中文与英文匹配。 Match Pairs

匹配短语:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 吃完, 看完, 做完, 写完
填空。 填空

{钱|qián}{都|dōu}{花|huā}___ {了|le}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {完|wán}
找出错误。 Error Correction

{我|wǒ}{做|zuò}{完|wán}{不|bù}{作业|zuòyè}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我|wǒ}{没|méi}{做|zuò}{完|wán}{作业|zuòyè}。
重新排列:{了|le} / {卖|mài} / {票|piào} / {完|wán} Sentence Reorder

{了|le} / {卖|mài} / {票|piào} / {完|wán}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {票|piào}{卖|mài}{完|wán}{了|le}。

Score: /7

常见问题 (8)

Most transitive verbs that imply a process can take {完|wán}. You cannot use it with stative verbs like {知道|zhīdào}.

Use {没|méi} + Verb + {完|wán}. Example: {我没做完|wǒ méi zuòwán}.

It is often used to emphasize the change of state, but not strictly required in all contexts.

{结束|jiéshù} is a verb meaning 'to end'. {完|wán} is a complement added to another verb.

Yes, it is perfectly acceptable in formal writing to indicate the completion of tasks.

It's a common way to ask questions: {你做完没做完?|nǐ zuòwán méi zuòwán?}

It means 'sold out'. It's a very common usage of {完|wán} to indicate exhaustion of supply.

No, it is a resultative complement for verbs.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Terminar de + infinitivo

Chinese places the complement after the verb; Spanish uses a prepositional phrase.

German moderate

Fertig + Verb

Chinese {完|wán} is a verb-based complement, not an adjective.

French moderate

Avoir fini de + infinitivo

Chinese does not use auxiliary verbs for this purpose.

Japanese high

~てしまう (te-shimau)

Japanese marks the verb with a particle; Chinese adds a complement character.

Arabic low

أنهى (anha)

Chinese allows any verb to take the complement; Arabic requires a specific verb.

Chinese high

N/A

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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