结果补语:用“完”表示动作完成
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use {完|wán} immediately after a verb to indicate that the action has been fully completed.
- Place {完|wán} directly after the main verb: {吃完|chīwán} (finished eating).
- For negatives, use {没|méi} + {verb} + {完|wán}: {没吃完|méi chīwán} (haven't finished eating).
- For questions, add {吗|ma} or use the A-not-A form: {吃完了吗?|chīwán le ma?}.
Overview
Resultative Complement {完|wán} Formation
| Type | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Subject + Verb + 完 + (了)
|
我吃完了
|
|
Negative
|
Subject + 没 + Verb + 完
|
我没吃完
|
|
Question (吗)
|
Subject + Verb + 完 + 吗?
|
你吃完了吗?
|
|
Question (A-not-A)
|
Subject + Verb + 完 + 没 + 完?
|
你吃完没吃完?
|
|
Past Tense
|
Subject + Verb + 完 + 了
|
他写完了
|
|
Future/Intent
|
Subject + 要 + Verb + 完
|
我要写完
|
Meanings
The resultative complement {完|wán} signifies that an action has reached its conclusion or is entirely exhausted.
Action Completion
The action described by the verb is finished.
“我{看完|kànwán}了这本书。”
“请{喝完|hēwán}你的牛奶。”
Exhaustion of Supply
The object has been completely used up.
“钱{花完|huāwán}了。”
“水{用完|yòngwán}了。”
Reference Table
| 句式类型 | 中文例句 | 拼音 | 英文含义 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
肯定句 (过去)
|
看完书了
|
kànwán shū le
|
Finished reading the book
|
|
否定句 (过去)
|
没做完作业
|
méi zuòwán zuòyè
|
Didn't finish homework
|
|
疑问句
|
写完了吗?
|
xiěwán le ma?
|
Have you finished writing?
|
|
将来完成
|
吃完就走
|
chīwán jiù zǒu
|
Leave as soon as I finish eating
|
|
购物场景
|
买完单了
|
mǎiwán dān le
|
Finished paying the bill
|
|
听觉场景
|
听完歌了
|
tīngwán gē le
|
Finished listening to the song
|
正式程度
我已经完成了工作。 (Workplace)
我做完了工作。 (Workplace)
工作做完了。 (Workplace)
搞定! (Workplace)
“完”的核心用法
日常任务
- {做完|zuòwán} Finish doing
- {写完|xiěwán} Finish writing
消耗
- {吃完|chīwán} Finish eating
- {喝完|hēwán} Finish drinking
“了” vs “完”
决定是否使用“完”
动作彻底结束了吗?
是在说过去的事吗?
带“完”的常用动词
感官
- • {看完|kànwán}
- • {听完|tīngwán}
产出
- • {做完|zuòwán}
- • {写完|xiěwán}
- • {说完|shuōwán}
身体/物理
- • {用完|yòngwán}
- • {洗完|xǐwán}
- • {跑完|pǎowán}
按水平分级的例句
我{吃完|chīwán}了。
他{写完|xiěwán}了。
我{喝完|hēwán}了。
请{看完|kànwán}。
你{做完|zuòwán}作业了吗?
我还没{看完|kànwán}这本书。
饭{做完|zuòwán}了。
钱{花完|huāwán}了。
这个项目我们已经{讨论完|tǎolùnwán}了。
虽然很累,但我还是{跑完|pǎowán}了全程。
超市里的牛奶都{卖完|màiwán}了。
你把这些文件{整理完|zhěnglǐwán}了吗?
经过三天的努力,我们终于{修复完|xiūfùwán}了服务器。
他还没{听完|tīngwán}那段录音就离开了。
请务必在下班前{处理完|chǔlǐwán}这些投诉。
这出戏还没{演完|yǎnwán},观众就开始鼓掌了。
直到把所有的证据都{核对完|héduìwán},他才松了一口气。
这项工程的复杂程度远超预期,我们很难在月底{建设完|jiànshèwán}。
尽管他试图掩盖真相,但警方最终还是把调查{进行完|jìnxíngwán}了。
在{翻译完|fānyìwán}这部巨著之后,他决定退休。
历经数载,他终于将这部史诗巨作{撰写完|zhuànxiěwán}成。
若非将这套理论{推导完|tuīdǎowán},他绝不会轻易发表论文。
当最后一名选手{冲完|chōngwán}终点线,比赛正式宣告结束。
这不仅是资源的枯竭,更是我们对自然{破坏完|pòhuàiwán}的代价。
容易混淆
Both indicate completion, but {完|wán} is about the end of the action, while {好|hǎo} is about the quality/readiness.
Both relate to past events, but {完|wán} is a complement, {了|le} is an aspect marker.
Learners often use {不|bù} for past negation.
常见错误
我不吃完
我没吃完
完吃
吃完
我吃完饭了
我吃完饭了 (Correct, but note the object placement)
我吃完
我吃完了
你吃完吗?
你吃完了吗?
我不做完作业
我没做完作业
书看完了吗?
书看完了吗? (Correct)
我做完好
我做完了
钱花不完
钱花完了
他没完作业
他没写完作业
这事完处理了
这事处理完了
他没完地听
他没听完
句型
我___完了。
你___完了吗?
我还没___完。
因为___完了,所以我们___。
Real World Usage
我写完了!
已售完
我们讨论完了。
景点看完了。
我已完成任务。
终于跑完了!
“胶水”规则
否定的小秘密
礼貌地吃饱
Smart Tips
Always add {完|wán} to the verb.
Use the same verb + {完|wán} in your answer.
Look for {完|wán} to understand if something is sold out.
Use {完|wán} to clearly state task status.
发音
Tone of {完|wán}
It is a second tone (rising). Ensure it is distinct from {万|wàn} (fourth tone).
Question intonation
你吃完了吗?↑
Rising pitch at the end indicates a question.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of {完|wán} as a 'W' for 'Wrapped up'. When you wrap up an action, you use {完|wán}.
视觉联想
Imagine a chef putting a lid on a pot. The lid is the {完|wán} character, signaling the cooking is finished.
Rhyme
Action done, {完|wán} is the one.
Story
Xiao Ming was hungry. He ate his bowl of noodles. He finished them all. He said, '我吃完了!' (I finished eating).
Word Web
挑战
For the next 24 hours, every time you finish a task, say it out loud using the {完|wán} structure.
文化笔记
Very common in daily speech to indicate status of tasks.
Similar usage, but sometimes {好|hǎo} is preferred for 'ready'.
The structure is often translated directly from the local dialect's completion markers.
The character {完|wán} originally meant 'perfect' or 'complete'. It evolved into a resultative complement in Middle Chinese.
对话开场白
你今天的工作做完了吗?
这本书你看完了吗?
你们的项目讨论完没?
如果钱花完了,你会怎么办?
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
{我|wǒ}{写|xiě}___ {信|xìn} {了|le}。
选择“我还没吃完”的正确表达。
Find and fix the mistake:
{他|tā}{喝|hē}{水|shuǐ}{完|wán}{了|le}。
Score: /3
练习题
8 exercises我还没___作业。
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
他做完不作业。
完了 / 我 / 饭 / 吃
I finished the book.
Match: 吃, 写, 跑, 卖
A: 你作业写完了吗? B: _____
Can you use {不|bù} with {完|wán}?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
7 exercises{看|kàn} / {我|wǒ} / {完|wán} / {电视|diànshì} / {了|le}
你喝完咖啡了吗?
我没看完那部电影。
匹配短语:
{钱|qián}{都|dōu}{花|huā}___ {了|le}。
{我|wǒ}{做|zuò}{完|wán}{不|bù}{作业|zuòyè}。
{了|le} / {卖|mài} / {票|piào} / {完|wán}
Score: /7
常见问题 (8)
Most transitive verbs that imply a process can take {完|wán}. You cannot use it with stative verbs like {知道|zhīdào}.
Use {没|méi} + Verb + {完|wán}. Example: {我没做完|wǒ méi zuòwán}.
It is often used to emphasize the change of state, but not strictly required in all contexts.
{结束|jiéshù} is a verb meaning 'to end'. {完|wán} is a complement added to another verb.
Yes, it is perfectly acceptable in formal writing to indicate the completion of tasks.
It's a common way to ask questions: {你做完没做完?|nǐ zuòwán méi zuòwán?}
It means 'sold out'. It's a very common usage of {完|wán} to indicate exhaustion of supply.
No, it is a resultative complement for verbs.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Terminar de + infinitivo
Chinese places the complement after the verb; Spanish uses a prepositional phrase.
Fertig + Verb
Chinese {完|wán} is a verb-based complement, not an adjective.
Avoir fini de + infinitivo
Chinese does not use auxiliary verbs for this purpose.
~てしまう (te-shimau)
Japanese marks the verb with a particle; Chinese adds a complement character.
أنهى (anha)
Chinese allows any verb to take the complement; Arabic requires a specific verb.
完
N/A
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
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