正式被动语态:正在被执行 (Karmavachya)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The passive voice in Hindi shifts focus from the doer to the action by using 'jana' as an auxiliary verb.
- The main verb becomes a past participle (e.g., 'kiya').
- Add the appropriate form of 'jana' (to go) after the participle.
- The agent (doer) is marked with 'se' or 'dwara' if mentioned.
Overview
Karmavachya。How This Grammar Works
jānā(去)来实现这一点。Formation Pattern
jānā 并根据时态和阴阳性进行变位。
When To Use It
Common Mistakes
jānā 必须与宾语的性别一致。Contrast With Similar Patterns
se 表示能力的“能力被动语态”不同。Quick FAQ
我可以在发微信时使用吗?
除非你想显得非常正式,或者你在阴阳怪气。
Passive Voice Conjugation (Object: Patra - Letter)
| Tense | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Past
|
Participle + gaya/gayi
|
Patra likha gaya
|
|
Present Perfect
|
Participle + gaya hai
|
Patra likha gaya hai
|
|
Past Perfect
|
Participle + gaya tha
|
Patra likha gaya tha
|
|
Future
|
Participle + jayega
|
Patra likha jayega
|
|
Continuous
|
Participle + ja raha hai
|
Patra likha ja raha hai
|
|
Obligative
|
Participle + jana chahiye
|
Patra likha jana chahiye
|
Meanings
The passive voice is used when the action is more important than the person performing it, or when the performer is unknown.
Formal Reporting
Used in news or official documents to remain objective.
“कानून पास किया गया।”
“मीटिंग कल बुलाई गई।”
Unknown Agent
When the doer is irrelevant or unknown.
“खिड़की तोड़ दी गई।”
“पैसे चुरा लिए गए।”
Polite/Indirect
Softening a request or statement.
“यह काम आपसे किया जाना चाहिए।”
“आपको सूचित किया जाता है।”
Reference Table
| 时态 | 构成方式 | 示例 (阳性单数) | 中文意思 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
一般现在时
|
词干 + ā/ī/e + jātā hai
|
kiyā jātā hai
|
被做
|
|
一般过去时
|
词干 + ā/ī/e + gayā
|
kiyā gayā
|
被做了
|
|
一般将来时
|
词干 + ā/ī/e + jāegā
|
kiyā jāegā
|
将被做
|
|
现在进行时
|
词干 + ā/ī/e + jā rahā hai
|
kiyā jā rahā hai
|
正在被做
|
|
过去进行时
|
词干 + ā/ī/e + jā rahā thā
|
kiyā jā rahā thā
|
当时正在被做
|
|
现在完成时
|
词干 + ā/ī/e + gayā hai
|
kiyā gayā hai
|
已经被做了
|
正式程度
कार्य पूरा किया गया। (Professional vs Casual)
काम पूरा हो गया। (Professional vs Casual)
काम हो गया। (Professional vs Casual)
काम निपट गया। (Professional vs Casual)
正式被动语态使用场景
官方文件
- Nirnay liyā gayā 决定已做出
- Sūcit kiyā jāegā 将收到通知
媒体与新闻
- Aprādhi pakṛā gayā 罪犯被抓获
- Khabar milī 收到消息
主动语态 vs. 正式被动语态
构建正式被动语态步骤
动词是及物的吗(有对象吗)?
对象是阳性还是阴性?
常用助动词形式
过去时形式
- • Gayā (阳单)
- • Gayi (阴单)
- • Gaye (阳复)
- • Gayin (阴复)
现在/将来形式
- • Jātā hai
- • Jāegā
- • Jā rahā hai
按水平分级的例句
काम किया गया।
The work was done.
खाना खाया गया।
The food was eaten.
पानी पिया गया।
The water was drunk.
किताब पढ़ी गई।
The book was read.
पत्र लिखा गया।
The letter was written.
दरवाजा खोला गया।
The door was opened.
गाड़ी चलाई गई।
The car was driven.
सब्जी काटी गई।
The vegetable was cut.
मीटिंग कल रखी गई है।
The meeting has been scheduled for tomorrow.
नियम बदल दिए गए हैं।
The rules have been changed.
यह फैसला लिया गया।
This decision was taken.
उसे बुलाया गया था।
He was called.
सरकार द्वारा नया कानून पारित किया गया।
A new law was passed by the government.
इस समस्या पर चर्चा की जानी चाहिए।
This problem should be discussed.
उन्हें सम्मानित किया गया।
They were honored.
सबूत नष्ट कर दिए गए।
The evidence was destroyed.
इस विषय पर गंभीरता से विचार किया गया है।
This subject has been considered seriously.
उम्मीद की जाती है कि सुधार किया जाएगा।
It is expected that improvements will be made.
अतीत की गलतियों को दोहराया नहीं जाना चाहिए।
Past mistakes should not be repeated.
प्रस्ताव को सर्वसम्मति से स्वीकार किया गया।
The proposal was accepted unanimously.
नियति द्वारा सब कुछ पहले ही निर्धारित कर दिया गया था।
Everything had already been determined by fate.
यह तर्क दिया गया है कि परिवर्तन अनिवार्य है।
It has been argued that change is inevitable.
अधिकारों का उल्लंघन बर्दाश्त नहीं किया जाएगा।
Violation of rights will not be tolerated.
उन्हें इस पद के लिए चुना जाना एक सम्मान है।
Being chosen for this position is an honor.
容易混淆
Learners often add 'ne' to passive sentences.
Confusing 'ho gaya' (happened) with 'kiya gaya' (was done).
Confusing 'hua hai' (is done/state) with 'kiya gaya hai' (has been done/action).
常见错误
Maine kaam kiya gaya.
Kaam kiya gaya.
Patra likha gaye.
Patra likha gaya.
Kaam kar gaya.
Kaam kiya gaya.
Gaya kaam.
Kaam gaya.
Usne khana khaya gaya.
Khana khaya gaya.
Kitab padha gaya.
Kitab padhi gayi.
Sab kaam ho gaya.
Sab kaam kar diye gaye.
Mujhe bola gaya tha ki...
Mujhse kaha gaya tha ki...
Yeh kaam tumse kiya gaya.
Yeh kaam tumhare dwara kiya gaya.
Woh kaam kiya gaya.
Woh kaam kiya gaya tha.
Yeh baat samjha gaya.
Yeh baat samjhi gayi.
Unke dwara kiya gaya tha kaam.
Kaam unke dwara kiya gaya tha.
Iska matlab samjha jana chahiye.
Iska matlab samjha jana chahiye.
句型
___ (object) ___ (verb) gaya.
___ (object) ___ (verb) jana chahiye.
___ (agent) dwara ___ (object) ___ (verb) gaya.
Kya ___ (object) ___ (verb) gaya hai?
Real World Usage
यह प्रोजेक्ट कल तक पूरा किया जाएगा।
शहर में कर्फ्यू लगा दिया गया है।
काम हो गया क्या?
मुझे इस पद के लिए चुना गया।
आपका ऑर्डर तैयार किया जा रहा है।
आपकी ट्रेन रद्द कर दी गई है।
甩锅神器
Galti kī gayi hai.
避免被动语态过载
Āpko jald hī sūcit kiyā jāegā.
距离产生尊重
Satyā kahā gayā hai ki...
Smart Tips
Use passive voice to avoid direct blame.
Use passive voice to remain objective.
Use passive voice.
Use passive for general rules.
发音
Gaya/Gayi
Ensure the 'y' is distinct. 'Gaya' rhymes with 'aya'.
Falling
Kaam kiya gaya ↘
Finality and objectivity.
记住它
记忆技巧
Passive is 'Past-ive': Use the Past participle and add 'jana' to go with the flow.
视觉联想
Imagine a letter (the object) floating in the air while a pen (the agent) is hidden behind a curtain. The letter is being written by an invisible hand.
Rhyme
When the object takes the lead, add 'jana' to fulfill the need.
Story
A king once ordered a feast. The food was cooked (khana pakaya gaya). The guests were invited (mehman bulaye gaye). The music was played (sangeet bajaya gaya). Everything was done without mentioning the king.
Word Web
挑战
Write 3 sentences about your day using only passive voice (e.g., 'Coffee was made', 'Emails were sent').
文化笔记
Passive voice is highly valued in emails to sound polite and avoid direct confrontation.
News anchors use passive voice to report crimes without naming suspects prematurely.
Research papers use passive voice to maintain scientific objectivity.
Hindi passive voice evolved from Sanskrit structures, simplifying into the current 'jana' auxiliary form.
对话开场白
क्या आपको लगता है कि यह काम समय पर पूरा किया गया?
क्या कल कोई घोषणा की गई थी?
क्या आपको सूचित किया गया है?
क्या यह नियम बदला जाना चाहिए?
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
यह काम कल तक पूरा ___ ।
选择“报告(阴性)已寄出”的正确句子:
Find and fix the mistake:
यह कहानी प्रेमचंद से लिखी गई।
Score: /3
练习题
8 exercisesपत्र ___ (likha) gaya.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Kitab padha gaya.
Ram ne kaam kiya.
Match the passive form.
gaya / kaam / kiya
Khana ___ (past).
Which is most formal?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesThe decision was taken by the committee.
यहाँ फ़ोटो खींचना ___ है।
哪种方式说“文件已检查”最正式?
गया / पुरस्कार / उसे / दिया
चाय पिया जा रहा है। (茶正在被喝)
连连看:
सड़कें ___ जा रही हैं।
新闻主播会如何说“总理受到了欢迎”?
बच्चों को बुलाया गए।
This letter was written by me.
Score: /10
常见问题 (8)
No, it sounds unnatural if overused. Use it only when the object is the focus.
Only if you need to specify the agent. Otherwise, omit it.
It acts as the auxiliary to indicate the passive state.
It changes the focus, not the core meaning.
Yes, but it might sound a bit formal or detached.
Use 'gaye' for masculine plural and 'gayi' for feminine plural.
Similar in function, but the structure is different.
Use active voice for most things and save passive for professional contexts.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Se + verb
Hindi uses a full verb 'jana' while Spanish uses a particle.
être + past participle
Choice of auxiliary verb (to be vs to go).
werden + past participle
German uses 'werden', Hindi uses 'jana'.
reru/rareru suffix
Suffix vs Auxiliary.
Internal vowel change
Morphological change vs Syntactic construction.
bei marker
Particle usage.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Continue With
Related Grammar Rules
让人做事:第二使役动词 (-vana)
Overview The Second Causative verb form in Hindi, characterized by the suffix `**-vānā**` (`-वाना`), is a critical gramm...
可能不得不 & 也许能做到:情态动词组合 (सकना, पड़ना, पाना)
### Overview 在学习印地语达到C1高级水平时,我们不仅要掌握基础的词汇和简单的句子结构,更需要精准地表达那些带有语态(Moda...
连接动词:想要、开始、让 (Control & Raising)
Overview 你有没有注意到,在印地语中,如果你极其想要一个披萨,“想要”这个动词实际上会与*披萨*而不是你保持一致?这是真的。...
印地语助动词链:如何堆叠多个助动词 (Chaining)
Overview 是否觉得一个动词不足以表达你周五晚上看网飞的心情?... (Chinese translation here)
印地英语矩阵:印地语中的英语动词 (करना / होना)
Overview 有没有试过在Netflix上看没有字幕的宝莱坞电影?你可能会发现自己竟然能听懂一半的动词。你没疯。现代印地语运行在一个...