A1 · مبتدئ فصل 20

Focusing on the Action: The Passive Voice

6 القواعد الإجمالية
65 أمثلة
6 دقيقة

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Shift your focus from the performer to the action itself to sound more professional in French.

  • Construct passive sentences using the verb 'être'.
  • Apply gender and number agreements to past participles.
  • Master the usage of 'par' and 'de' to identify the agent.
Master the passive: When the action matters most!

ما ستتعلمه

Wow, this chapter is going to make your French sound so much more sophisticated! Did you know that in French, sometimes who did an action isn't as important as the action itself? Exactly! In this chapter, you'll learn how to shift the focus of your sentences from 'who' to 'what' or 'how'. For instance, instead of always saying 'X opened the door,' you'll be able to say 'The door was opened.' This is super useful, especially when you don't know who performed an action, or when the action itself is more significant. First, you'll learn the basic structure of the passive voice using 'être' and a past participle that magically changes to match the subject, just like a chameleon! Then, we'll see how to introduce the 'by whom' with 'par,' and when to use 'de' instead, especially for feelings or states of being. You'll even discover how to form passive sentences without mentioning the agent at all – focusing purely on the result, like 'the work was done.' Finally, we'll dive into compound tenses with 'a été' to express 'it was done' or 'it has been done.' By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to speak much more professionally and flexibly in various situations. For example, when discussing a new product, you can say 'This product was manufactured in Paris,' or when hearing news, 'The news was announced.' This skill will truly help you think and speak French like a native. Don't worry, this is easier than it seems! We'll go step-by-step together, and you'll be forming awesome sentences in no time.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Transform active sentences into passive constructions to emphasize the object.

دليل الفصل

نظرة عامة

Welcome to an exciting chapter in your A1 French grammar journey! This section will unlock a powerful way to express yourself: the French passive voice. Often, in everyday conversation and formal writing, we want to highlight the action itself rather than who performed it.
Think about statements like
The news was announced
or
The product was manufactured.
In these sentences, the focus shifts from the 'doer' to the 'done.' Mastering this concept will make your French sound much more natural and sophisticated, allowing you to articulate ideas with greater flexibility and precision.
At the A1 French level, you're building foundational skills, and understanding the passive voice is a significant step towards speaking and understanding French like a native. It's incredibly useful when the agent (the person or thing doing the action) is unknown, unimportant, or obvious from the context. You'll learn how to construct these sentences using the verb être and a special form of the verb called the past participle, which will magically adapt its ending.
Don't worry, this isn't as complex as it sounds! We’ll break down each step, showing you how to correctly form these sentences and when to use them. By the end of this guide, you’ll be able to confidently shift the focus of your sentences, making your French communication richer and more nuanced.
Get ready to elevate your linguistic skills and truly master this essential aspect of French grammar!

كيف تعمل هذه القاعدة

The core of the French passive voice is surprisingly straightforward: you combine the verb être (to be) with a past participle. The structure is subject + form of être + past participle. For example, instead of saying
Someone opens the door
(Quelqu'un ouvre la porte), you can say
La porte est ouverte.
(The door is opened/is open.) Notice how ouverte (opened) agrees with la porte (feminine singular).
This is crucial: the accord du participe passé means the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject of the passive sentence, just like an adjective!
Let's look at more examples of this matching past participles in passive voice:
* Le livre est lu. (The book is read.) - lu agrees with le livre (masculine singular).
* La lettre est écrite. (The letter is written.) - écrite agrees with la lettre (feminine singular).
* Les maisons sont construites. (The houses are built.) - construites agrees with les maisons (feminine plural).
* Les enfants sont aimés. (The children are loved.) - aimés agrees with les enfants (masculine plural).
When you want to specify who performed the action, you introduce the agent using par (by). This is the French agent: saying 'by'. For instance:
* Le gâteau est mangé par l'enfant. (The cake is eaten by the child.)
* La chanson est chantée par la chorale. (The song is sung by the choir.)
However, for verbs expressing feelings, opinions, or states of being, especially with verbs like aimer (to love), connaître (to know), or estimer (to esteem), you often use de (by/of) instead of par. This is the French passive with 'de':
* Il est aimé de tous. (He is loved by everyone.)
* Elle est connue de beaucoup. (She is known by many.)
Sometimes, the agent is completely irrelevant or unknown, and you can form French passive: actions without the 'who'. In these cases, you simply omit par or de:
* Le travail est fait. (The work is done.)
* Les règles sont établies. (The rules are established.)
Finally, the French compound passive voice: was done, has been done allows you to express past actions. You use the compound past of être (avoir + past participle of être, which is été) followed by the main verb's past participle.
* La porte a été ouverte. (The door was/has been opened.)
* Les lettres ont été écrites. (The letters were/have been written.)
This structure uses a été (was/has been) or ont été (were/have been) to convey actions completed in the past.

الأخطاء الشائعة

  1. 1Wrong: La voiture est lavé.
Correct: La voiture est lavée.
*Explanation:* The past participle lavé (washed) must agree in gender and number with the subject la voiture (feminine singular). Therefore, it should be lavée. Always remember the accord du participe passé!
  1. 1Wrong: Le président est connu par le public.
Correct: Le président est connu de le public. (or connu du public)
*Explanation:* For verbs expressing feelings or states of being like connu (known), aimé (loved), or respecté (respected), de is typically used to introduce the agent, not par. This is a key nuance in the French passive with 'de'.
  1. 1Wrong: La décision a prise.
Correct: La décision a été prise.
*Explanation:* When forming the French compound passive voice (was done, has been done), you need the auxiliary verb être in its compound past form (a été for singular subjects, ont été for plural subjects), followed by the past participle of the main verb. Omitting été makes the sentence grammatically incorrect.

محادثات حقيقية

A

A

Les invitations ont-elles été envoyées ? (Have the invitations been sent?)
B

B

Oui, elles ont été envoyées ce matin. (Yes, they were sent this morning.)
A

A

Par qui ce tableau a-t-il été peint ? (By whom was this painting painted?)
B

B

Il a été peint par un artiste local. (It was painted by a local artist.)
A

A

La porte est-elle fermée ? (Is the door closed?)
B

B

Non, elle est ouverte. (No, it is open/opened.)

أسئلة شائعة

Q

Why is the passive voice important for A1 French learners?

The passive voice allows you to focus on the action or result, which is crucial for describing events, news, or situations where the 'doer' is unknown or less important. It adds flexibility and sophistication to your French grammar A1 sentences.

Q

How do I know when to use par versus de in French passive voice?

Generally, use par when the agent performs a physical action. Use de with verbs expressing feelings, emotions, or states of being, such as aimer (to love), connaître (to know), respecter (to respect), or accompagner (to accompany).

Q

Can I form passive sentences without mentioning who did the action?

Absolutely! This is very common, especially when the agent is unknown, obvious, or irrelevant. For example,

Le problème est résolu.
(The problem is solved.) This is the French passive: actions without the 'who'.

Q

Does the past participle always agree with the subject in the French passive voice?

Yes, in the passive voice, the past participle always agrees in gender and number with the subject of the sentence. This is a fundamental rule of accord du participe passé.

السياق الثقافي

In French, the passive voice is often used in more formal contexts, such as news reports, scientific articles, official announcements, or administrative documents. While it exists in everyday speech, native speakers sometimes opt for more active constructions or the impersonal on (e.g., On a ouvert la porte instead of La porte a été ouverte) in casual conversation. However, understanding and using the passive voice is essential for comprehending French media and for expressing yourself clearly and professionally in various situations.
It's a key part of sounding sophisticated in A1 French.

أمثلة رئيسية (4)

1

La pizza est préparée par le chef.

البيتزا تُحضّر بواسطة الشيف.

المبني للمجهول في الفرنسية: كيفية تكوينه (La voix passive)
3

La pizza est livrée par Uber Eats.

البيتزا يتم توصيلها بواسطة أوبر إيتس.

الفاعل في الجملة المجهولة: قول 'بواسطة' (par)
4

Cette photo est likée par tous mes amis.

هذه الصورة أعجب بها كل أصدقائي.

الفاعل في الجملة المجهولة: قول 'بواسطة' (par)

نصائح وحيل (4)

⚠️

التوافق هو السر

دايماً عيونك على المبتدأ الجديد! لو كان مؤنث أو جمع، نهاية الفعل لازم تتغير، مثلاً:
La porte est fermée.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: المبني للمجهول في الفرنسية: كيفية تكوينه (La voix passive)
💡

قاعدة الحرباء

تخيل اسم المفعول كأنه لون بيصبغ المبتدأ، لو المبتدأ بنت لازم تزيد e:
La pizza est mangée.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: مطابقة اسم المفعول في المبني للمجهول (Accord du participe passé)
⚠️

إياك واستخدام Pour

لا تستخدم أبداً pour بمعنى «بواسطة». جملة Fait pour moi تعني صُنع لأجلي، لكن Fait par moi تعني صُنع بواسطتي. فرق كبير! "C'est fait par moi."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الفاعل في الجملة المجهولة: قول 'بواسطة' (par)
💡

أفعال القلب

لو الفعل بيحصل جوه القلب أو العقل (حب، كره، احترام)، استخدم de. ده بيخلي الجملة تبان كأنها حالة دايمة:
Il est aimé de ses amis.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: المبني للمجهول مع 'de' في الفرنسية (aimé de, connu de)

المفردات الرئيسية (5)

être to be par by fabriqué manufactured aimé loved annoncé announced

Real-World Preview

shopping-bag

At the Paris Boutique

Review Summary

  • Subject + être + past participle
  • Subject + a été + past participle

أخطاء شائعة

You forgot to agree the past participle with the feminine subject 'la pomme'. Always add an 'e' for feminine subjects.

Wrong: La pomme est mangé.
صحيح: La pomme est mangée.

With mental states or knowledge verbs like 'connaître', we use 'de' instead of 'par'.

Wrong: Il est connu par tout le monde.
صحيح: Il est connu de tout le monde.

Actually, this is correct! Ensure you aren't using 'de' here; 'par' is correct for physical actions.

Wrong: Le livre est écrit par lui.
صحيح: Le livre est écrit par lui.

القواعد في هذا الفصل (6)

Next Steps

You have completed the chapter! Your ability to shift focus in sentences is a sign of true fluency. Keep practicing these structures in your daily writing.

Watch a French news clip and count the passive structures you hear.

تدريب سريع (10)

لاقي الغلطة في المطابقة وصلحها.

Find and fix the mistake:

Les pizzas ont été mangé par les invités.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Les pizzas ont été mangées par les invités.
كلمة 'Pizzas' جمع مؤنث، فلازم الفعل 'mangé' ياخد 'e' للتأنيث و 's' للجمع.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الصيغة المجهولة في الأزمنة المركبة: تم القيام به، قد فُعل (Voix passive)

اختر التصريف الصحيح لفعل 'être'.

Les e-mails ___ envoyés ce matin.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sont
كلمة 'E-mails' جمع، لذا نستخدم تصريف الجمع 'sont'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: المبني للمجهول في الفرنسية: كيفية تكوينه (La voix passive)

اختر التوافق الصحيح للمبتدأ المؤنث.

Find and fix the mistake:

La voiture est ___ (réparer).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: réparée
كلمة 'Voiture' مؤنث مفرد، لذا اسم المفعول يحتاج حرف e إضافي.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: المبني للمجهول في الفرنسية: كيفية تكوينه (La voix passive)

صحح خطأ التطابق في الجملة.

Les voitures sont vendu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Les voitures sont vendues.
'Voitures' جمع مؤنث، لذا نضيف -es للفعل 'vendu'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: المبني للمجهول في الفرنسية: التركيز على الفعل (Passif sans complément d'agent)

املأ الفراغ بالشكل الصحيح لفعل 'être'.

La pizza ___ préparée.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: est
بما أن 'La pizza' مفرد، نستخدم 'est'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: المبني للمجهول في الفرنسية: التركيز على الفعل (Passif sans complément d'agent)

رتب الكلمات لتكوين جملة صحيحة.

Arrange these words:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Les fenêtres sont fermées
الفاعل (Les fenêtres) + الفعل (sont) + الفعل الماضي (fermées).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: المبني للمجهول في الفرنسية: التركيز على الفعل (Passif sans complément d'agent)

املأ الفراغ بحرف الجر المناسب.

Le livre est écrit ___ Victor Hugo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: par
'Par' هي الكلمة القياسية لذكر الكاتب أو المبدع.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الفاعل في الجملة المجهولة: قول 'بواسطة' (par)

املأ الفراغ بالشكل الصحيح لفعل 'terminer' (ينهي)

{La|f} leçon est ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: terminée
بما أن 'la leçon' مؤنث مفرد، لازم نزيد حرف '-e' لاسم المفعول.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: مطابقة اسم المفعول في المبني للمجهول (Accord du participe passé)

صحح الخطأ في هذه الجملة.

Find and fix the mistake:

La pizza est mangée pour moi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: La pizza est mangée par moi.
نستخدم 'par' للفاعل، و 'moi' هو الضمير الصحيح هنا.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الفاعل في الجملة المجهولة: قول 'بواسطة' (par)

طلع الغلطة في الجملة دي.

La maison est entourée par des arbres.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: La maison est entourée d'arbres.
الفعل 'Entouré' بيوصف حالة الإحاطة، فبيفضل 'de'. و 'de' مع 'des' بتبقى 'de' (أو 'd' قبل الحروف المتحركة).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: المبني للمجهول مع 'de' في الفرنسية (aimé de, connu de)

Score: /10

أسئلة شائعة (6)

هي طريقة بتخلي الشيء اللي صار عليه الفعل هو المبتدأ. مثلاً:
La pizza est mangée
بدلاً من «أنا أكلت البيتزا».
استخدم المبتدأ + فعل être + اسم المفعول. ولو بدك تقول مين عمل هيك، ضيف par في الآخر: "C'est fait par moi".
في المبني للمجهول، الفعل بيشتغل كأنه صفة بتوصف المبتدأ، وعشان الباب مؤنث بنقول:
La porte est fermée.
أيوه، أي فعل في المبني للمجهول لازم يطابق المبتدأ، حتى الأفعال غير المنتظمة زي:
La lettre est écrite.
لا، هذا خطأ! بعد 'par' لازم تستخدم ضمير قوة مثل 'moi'. مثلاً: "C'est fait par moi".
لا، بتبقى زي ما هي تماماً. مثلاً: "C'est écrit par Anne".