B1 · متوسط فصل 18

نقل قول و شایعات: حرف بقیه رو راحت بزن!

6 مجموع قواعد
63 مثال‌ها
5 دقیقه

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of relaying information, gossip, and plans with native-level confidence.

  • Report past statements and future intentions accurately.
  • Transform direct questions and commands into natural indirect speech.
  • Utilize casual short-form reporting to sound like a local.
From direct quotes to social storytelling mastery.

چی یاد می‌گیری

سلام رفیق! آماده‌ای که مثل یه کره‌ای واقعی حرف بقیه رو بگی و پیغام‌ها رو منتقل کنی؟ این فصل دیگه فقط در مورد گزارش دادن‌های ساده نیست، می‌خوایم وارد دنیای هیجان‌انگیز نقل قول‌های پیچیده و «شنیدم که...»‌های زبان کره‌ای بشیم! اینجا یاد می‌گیری چطور سوالاتی رو که از یکی شنیدی، دوباره مطرح کنی (با 냐고/으냐고 묻다)، چطور دستوراتی رو که بهت دادن، به کس دیگه‌ای بگی (با (으)라고 하다) و حتی پیشنهادهایی که تو یه جمع مطرح شده رو منتقل کنی (با -자고 하다). فکر کن دوستت یه خبر جدید شنیده، یا رئیس یه کاری رو ازت خواسته و تو می‌خوای دقیقا اون رو به همکارت بگی. اینجا می‌بینی چطور این قانون‌ها به هم وصلن و چطور با تغییر زمان (گذشته با 다고، آینده با ㄹ/을 거라고)، می‌تونی همه‌چیز رو دقیق بگی. از همه مهم‌تر، با فرم کوتاه (-ㄴ/은/는대) یاد می‌گیری چطور خیلی راحت و خودمونی، یه خبری رو که شنیدی، مثل یه بومی کره‌ای بیان کنی. دیگه لازم نیست کل جمله رو نقل قول کنی، فقط اصل خبر رو می‌رسونی. با این مهارت‌ها، نه تنها می‌تونی شایعات و اخبار رو با جزئیات کامل منتقل کنی، بلکه مکالمه‌هات خیلی طبیعی‌تر و روان‌تر می‌شن. تا آخر این فصل، می‌تونی داستان‌های پیچیده رو تعریف کنی، پیغام‌ها رو بدون دردسر انتقال بدی و واقعاً مثل یه کره‌ای‌زبان حرفه‌ای به نظر برسی. بیا با هم کره‌ای‌ت رو یه پله بالاتر ببریم!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Accurately report what a friend said they did yesterday.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Relay a question or command heard from a third party.

راهنمای فصل

مرور کلی

Welcome to your next big step in mastering Korean grammar B1! This chapter is your ticket to becoming a truly natural and engaging Korean speaker. We're moving beyond simple sentences and diving into the exciting world of relaying complex messages and sharing what others have said, asked, or even suggested.
This isn't just about memorizing rules; it's about adding nuance and flow to your conversations, making you sound incredibly authentic. At the CEFR B1 level, you're ready to tackle these sophisticated structures that are essential for everyday communication in Korea.
Imagine effortlessly sharing gossip about a K-pop idol's next move, recounting a friend's exciting travel plans, or relaying an important message from your boss – all with precision and ease. This guide will equip you with six powerful Korean grammar patterns that cover every scenario of indirect speech. You'll learn to report past statements, future predictions, questions, commands, and suggestions, making your dialogue richer and more dynamic.
By mastering these patterns, you'll significantly enhance your conversational abilities. No more direct quotes that sound clunky; instead, you'll seamlessly integrate reported speech, reflecting the natural rhythm of Korean conversations. Get ready to transform your Korean language skills and truly connect with native speakers on a deeper level!

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

This chapter introduces six crucial Korean grammar patterns for indirect speech, allowing you to rephrase what someone else said without directly quoting them.
First, for relaying statements, we use -다고 하다. This covers both verbs and adjectives. For present tense verbs, you attach -는다고 하다 (e.g., 먹다 becomes 먹는다고 하다), and for adjectives, -다고 하다 (e.g., 예쁘다 becomes 예쁘다고 하다). For past tense, it's -았/었다고 하다 (e.g., 갔다 becomes 갔다고 하다).
* 민수 씨가 어제 영화를 봤다고 했어요. (Minsu said he watched a movie yesterday.)
* 그 식당 음식이 맛있다고 해요. (They say the food at that restaurant is delicious.)
To report future plans or predictions, we use -ㄹ/을 거라고 하다. This combines the future tense ending with the reported speech marker.
* 친구가 내일 파티에 올 거라고 했어요. (My friend said they would come to the party tomorrow.)
* 비가 올 거라고 들었어요. (I heard it's going to rain.)
When you need to report a question, the pattern is -냐고/으냐고 묻다/하다. The verb 묻다 (to ask) is commonly used.
* 선생님이 숙제가 있냐고 물어봤어요. (The teacher asked if there was homework.)
* 친구가 어디 가냐고 했어요. (My friend asked where I was going.)
For reporting commands or requests, we use -(으)라고 하다. Remember the distinction for give me requests: -달라고 하다 when the speaker is asking for something for themselves, and -주라고 하다 when asking for something for someone else.
* 엄마가 방을 청소하라고 했어요. (Mom told me to clean my room.)
* 친구가 저에게 책을 달라고 했어요. (My friend asked me to give them the book.)
To report suggestions or proposals, similar to "let's," we use -자고 하다.
* 수미가 같이 밥 먹자고 했어요. (Sumi suggested we eat together.)
Finally, for a casual and natural flow, master the short reported speech form: -ㄴ/은/는대. This is a shortened version of -다고/라고/냐고/자고 하다 and is very common in informal conversations.
* 친구가 오늘 바쁘대. (My friend said they're busy today.) (Short for 바쁘다고 해.)
* 내일 영화 보러 가재. (They suggested we go watch a movie tomorrow.) (Short for 가자고 해.)

اشتباهات رایج

  1. 1Wrong: 친구가 어디 가다고 물어봤어요.
Correct: 친구가 어디 가냐고 물어봤어요.
*Explanation:* When reporting a question, you must use the question form -냐고/으냐고 with 묻다/하다, not the statement form -다고.
  1. 1Wrong: 엄마가 숙제를 같이 하라고 했어요. (Meaning: Mom suggested we do homework together.)
Correct: 엄마가 숙제를 같이 하자고 했어요.
*Explanation:* -(으)라고 하다 is for commands (do it!). If you want to report a suggestion ("let's do it!"), you need to use -자고 하다.
  1. 1Wrong: 사장님이 회의가 늦겠대. (Meaning: The boss said the meeting would be late.)
Correct: 사장님이 회의가 늦을 거라고 했어요.
*Explanation:* The short reported speech form -ㄴ/은/는대 is highly informal. It's inappropriate to use it when speaking about or to superiors like your boss (사장님). Always use the full, polite forms in formal situations.

مکالمات واقعی

A

A

민수 씨가 내일 뭐 한대요? (What did Minsu say he's doing tomorrow?)
B

B

민수 씨가 내일 친구랑 영화 보러 갈 거라고 했어요. (Minsu said he's going to watch a movie with a friend tomorrow.)
A

A

어제 선생님이 뭐라고 물어보셨어요? (What did the teacher ask yesterday?)
B

B

선생님이 다음 주까지 숙제를 내라고 하셨어요. (The teacher told us to turn in the homework by next week.)
A

A

수미가 왜 이렇게 피곤해 보여? (Why does Sumi look so tired?)
B

B

어제 밤새 게임했대. (She said she played games all night last night.)

سؤالات رایج

Q

How do I use Korean indirect speech for adjectives?

For adjectives, you generally use -다고 하다. For example, '예쁘다' (to be pretty) becomes '예쁘다고 하다' (said it was pretty). You attach -다고 하다 directly to the adjective stem.

Q

What's the difference between -라고 하다 and -달라고 하다 in Korean reported commands?

-라고 하다 is a general command, telling someone to do something. -달라고 하다 is a specific type of command used when the speaker is asking someone to *give something to them* or *do something for them*. For example, '돈을 내라고 했어요' (He told them to pay money) vs. '돈을 달라고 했어요' (He asked them to give *him* money).

Q

Can I use -ㄴ/은/는대 in formal situations?

No, -ㄴ/은/는대 is an informal, casual form of reported speech and should be avoided in formal settings or when speaking to superiors. Stick to the full, polite forms like -다고 하다 and -라고 하다 when formality is required.

Q

Are there different forms of indirect speech for different tenses in Korean?

Yes! The tense of the original statement is often reflected *before* the indirect speech ending. For example, '먹었다' (ate) becomes '먹었다고 하다' (said they ate), and '먹을 것이다' (will eat) becomes '먹을 거라고 하다' (said they would eat).

بافت فرهنگی

In Korean culture, using indirect speech is incredibly common, especially to soften direct statements, avoid confrontation, or show politeness. Instead of directly stating an opinion, Koreans often say "They say it's good
(좋다고 해요) or
I heard it's good" (좋대요). The short forms like -ㄴ/은/는대 are prevalent in casual conversations among friends and family, making communication faster and more fluid.
Mastering these forms will make your Korean sound much more natural and integrated into everyday social interactions.

مثال‌های کلیدی (8)

1

민수가 내일 학교에 올 거라고 했어요.

مین‌سو گفت که فردا میاد مدرسه.

گزارش آینده: شنیدم که آن‌ها ... خواهند (ㄹ/을 거라고)
2

기상청에서 오늘 밤에 눈이 올 거라고 해요.

هواشناسی میگه امشب برف میاد.

گزارش آینده: شنیدم که آن‌ها ... خواهند (ㄹ/을 거라고)
3

My friend asked if the movie was interesting.

My friend asked if the movie was interesting.

گزارش سؤالات: '...پرسید که آیا...' (냐고/으냐고 묻다)
4

The teacher asked if I had done all my homework.

The teacher asked if I had done all my homework.

گزارش سؤالات: '...پرسید که آیا...' (냐고/으냐고 묻다)
5

The doctor told me to quit smoking.

دکتر بهم گفت سیگار رو ترک کنم.

گزارش دستورات: "به کسی بگو که..." ((으)라고 하다)
6

My friend told me to come early tomorrow.

دوستم گفت فردا زود بیام.

گزارش دستورات: "به کسی بگو که..." ((으)라고 하다)
7

My friend suggested we have a drink tonight.

دوستم پیشنهاد داد امشب یه نوشیدنی بزنیم.

نقل‌قول غیرمستقیم: «بیا...» (-jago hada)
8

My boyfriend said let's break up.

دوست‌پسرم گفت بیا کات کنیم.

نقل‌قول غیرمستقیم: «بیا...» (-jago hada)

نکات و ترفندها (4)

🎯

میان‌بر باحال 'Dae'

توی چت‌های روزمره، به جای جمله‌های طولانی، معمولاً «았/었다고 해» رو کوتاه می‌کنن و می‌گن «았/었대». مثلاً اگه بخوای بگی شنیدی رفیقت رفته سفر: «제주도에 갔대».
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گفت که [فعل] - نقل قول غیرمستقیم گذشته
💡

نقش واسطه بودن

استفاده از این ساختار نشون میده تو فقط پیام‌رسانی و مسئولیتی در قبال انجام شدنش نداری! مثلاً: «민수가 올 거라고 했어요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گزارش آینده: شنیدم که آن‌ها ... خواهند (ㄹ/을 거라고)
💡

Verb vs Adjective

Remember: Verbs get '느냐고', Adjectives just get '냐고'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گزارش سؤالات: '...پرسید که آیا...' (냐고/으냐고 묻다)
🎯

قانون طلایی دادن!

همیشه ببین کی قراره اون چیز رو بگیره. اگه طرف گفته 'به من بده!'، حتماً بگو «달라고». اگه گفته 'به اون بده!'، بگو «주라고».
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گزارش دستورات: "به کسی بگو که..." ((으)라고 하다)

واژگان کلیدی (5)

전하다 (jeonhada) to convey/relay 소문 (somun) rumor 말씀하다 (malsseumhada) to speak (honorific) 물어보다 (mureoboda) to ask 제안하다 (jeanhada) to suggest

Real-World Preview

coffee

Office Gossip

Review Summary

  • Verb + -다고 하다
  • Verb + -ㄹ/을 거라고 하다
  • Verb + -냐고 묻다
  • Verb + -(으)라고 하다
  • Verb + -자고 하다
  • Verb + -ㄴ/은/는대

اشتباهات رایج

You cannot use -다고 for questions. Use -냐고 for inquiries.

Wrong: 그가 집에 간다고 묻었어요.
صحیح: 그가 집에 가냐고 물었어요.

Reported commands drop the polite honorific suffix inside the quote.

Wrong: 선생님은 공부를 하세요라고 했어요.
صحیح: 선생님은 공부를 하라고 하셨어요.

In casual settings, -대 is much more natural than the full -다고 해요.

Wrong: 내일 비가 온다고 해요 (shortened to 내일 비가 온대요 is correct, but using long form in casual speech sounds stiff).
صحیح: 내일 비가 온대요.

قواعد این فصل (6)

Next Steps

You've successfully mastered the art of reporting! Use these new tools to keep your conversations lively and accurate. See you in the next chapter!

Listen to a K-drama and identify one reported statement.

تمرین سریع (10)

جای خالی رو با فرم درست فعل '가다' (رفتن) پر کن.

선생님이 교실로 ___-라고 하셨어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
فعل 가다 به صدا‌دار ختم شده، پس فقط -라고 می‌گیره.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گزارش دستورات: "به کسی بگو که..." ((으)라고 하다)

اشتباه رو در نقل‌قول جمله 'نانت رو بخور' (빵을 먹어) پیدا و اصلاح کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

엄마가 빵을 먹라고 했어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 엄마가 빵을 먹으라고 했어요.
فعل 먹다 به بی‌صدا ختم شده، پس حتماً به 으 نیاز داره.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گزارش دستورات: "به کسی بگو که..." ((으)라고 하다)

جای خالی رو با فرم درست نقل‌قول پر کن.

친구가 내일 ___ (오다). (دوستم میگه که فردا میاد.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 온대
برای فعل‌های حرکتی در زمان حال که به حرف صدادار ختم میشن (مثل 오다)، از -ㄴ대 استفاده می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: نقل قول کوتاه: شنیدم که... (-ㄴ/은/는대)

کدوم جمله داره درست نقل‌قول می‌کنه: 'گریه نکن' (울지 마)؟

جمله درست رو انتخاب کن:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 울지 말라고 했어요.
برای دستورات منفی همیشه از فرم -지 말라고 استفاده می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گزارش دستورات: "به کسی بگو که..." ((으)라고 하다)

کدوم جمله به درستی میگه «شنیدم فیلمه جالبه»؟

جمله درست رو انتخاب کن:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 영화가 재미있대.
کلمه 재미있다 (جالب بودن) مثل صفت عمل می‌کنه، پس فقط -대 بهش اضافه میشه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: نقل قول کوتاه: شنیدم که... (-ㄴ/은/는대)

Fill in the blank.

선생님이 숙제를 ___ 물으셨어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 했느냐고
Honorific reporting.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گزارش سؤالات: '...پرسید که آیا...' (냐고/으냐고 묻다)

Which is the most formal?

Choose the formal version.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 그가 가느냐고 물었습니다
Formal ending -습니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گزارش سؤالات: '...پرسید که آیا...' (냐고/으냐고 묻다)

Correct the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

그가 어디 가냐고 말했다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 그가 어디 가냐고 물었다
Reported questions use '묻다'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گزارش سؤالات: '...پرسید که آیا...' (냐고/으냐고 묻다)

Fill in the blank with the correct form.

그가 밥을 ___ 물었어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 먹느냐고
Verb stem + 느냐고.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گزارش سؤالات: '...پرسید که آیا...' (냐고/으냐고 묻다)

اشتباه گرامری رو پیدا و اصلاح کن.

그 사람은 학생래.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 그 사람은 학생이래.
برای اسم‌هایی که به حرف بی‌صدا ختم میشن (مثل 학생)، باید از -이래 استفاده کرد.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: نقل قول کوتاه: شنیدم که... (-ㄴ/은/는대)

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

خیلی سادست! «았/었다고» برای وقتیه که یه اتفاقی در گذشته تموم شده (گفت که خورد)، اما «ㄴ/ن다고» برای حال حاضر یا کارهای همیشگیه (می‌گه که داره می‌خوره).
آره حتماً! برعکس زمان حال که صفت‌ها قانون خودشون رو دارن، توی زمان گذشته صفت و فعل دقیقاً مثل هم عمل می‌کنن: «좋았다» می‌شه «좋았다고».
این مدل محاوره‌ای و رایج «ㄹ 것이라고» هست. اگه بخوای مودبانه بشه تهش 요 بذار: «거라고요».
آره! برای اسم‌ها از «일 거라고» استفاده کن. مثلاً: «선물일 거라고 생각해요» یعنی فکر می‌کنم هدیه باشه.
Yes, '물어봤어요' is a very common, slightly more casual way to say 'asked'.
In written Korean, yes. In spoken Korean, it is often dropped.