B1 · 中級 チャプター 18

Relaying Complex Messages and Rumors

6 トータルルール
63 例文
5 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of relaying information, gossip, and plans with native-level confidence.

  • Report past statements and future intentions accurately.
  • Transform direct questions and commands into natural indirect speech.
  • Utilize casual short-form reporting to sound like a local.
From direct quotes to social storytelling mastery.

学べること

Ready to become the ultimate Korean conversationalist? This chapter isn't just about repeating words; it's about mastering the art of relaying complex messages, rumors, and conversations with precision and natural flow! We're diving deep into six essential patterns that will make your Korean sound incredibly natural. You'll learn how to accurately report past statements with 다고 (Said that [verb]ed), and share future plans or predictions using ㄹ/을 거라고 (I heard they will...). Imagine confidently sharing gossip about what your favorite K-pop idol *said they'd do* next! Ever struggled to report a question? Not anymore! With 냐고/으냐고 묻다, you'll effortlessly turn direct questions into reported ones, just like saying '...asked if...' in English. Need to pass on an order? We'll tackle (으)라고 하다 for reporting commands ('He told me to...'), even navigating the tricky 주다/달다 distinctions. And for those group plans, -자고 하다 lets you report suggestions or proposals like 'She suggested we...' But the real game-changer for sounding native? The short reported speech form, -ㄴ/은/는대. This casual gem lets you quickly and smoothly relay information you heard from others, like 'I heard that...' without a mouthful of words. By the end of this chapter, you'll move beyond direct quotes to truly *converse* in Korean, making your conversations richer and more engaging. Get ready to sound more natural, more expressive, and totally in the know!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Accurately report what a friend said they did yesterday.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Relay a question or command heard from a third party.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome to your next big step in mastering Korean grammar B1! This chapter is your ticket to becoming a truly natural and engaging Korean speaker. We're moving beyond simple sentences and diving into the exciting world of relaying complex messages and sharing what others have said, asked, or even suggested.
This isn't just about memorizing rules; it's about adding nuance and flow to your conversations, making you sound incredibly authentic. At the CEFR B1 level, you're ready to tackle these sophisticated structures that are essential for everyday communication in Korea.
Imagine effortlessly sharing gossip about a K-pop idol's next move, recounting a friend's exciting travel plans, or relaying an important message from your boss – all with precision and ease. This guide will equip you with six powerful Korean grammar patterns that cover every scenario of indirect speech. You'll learn to report past statements, future predictions, questions, commands, and suggestions, making your dialogue richer and more dynamic.
By mastering these patterns, you'll significantly enhance your conversational abilities. No more direct quotes that sound clunky; instead, you'll seamlessly integrate reported speech, reflecting the natural rhythm of Korean conversations. Get ready to transform your Korean language skills and truly connect with native speakers on a deeper level!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces six crucial Korean grammar patterns for indirect speech, allowing you to rephrase what someone else said without directly quoting them.
First, for relaying statements, we use -다고 하다. This covers both verbs and adjectives. For present tense verbs, you attach -는다고 하다 (e.g., 먹다 becomes 먹는다고 하다), and for adjectives, -다고 하다 (e.g., 예쁘다 becomes 예쁘다고 하다). For past tense, it's -았/었다고 하다 (e.g., 갔다 becomes 갔다고 하다).
* 민수 씨가 어제 영화를 봤다고 했어요. (Minsu said he watched a movie yesterday.)
* 그 식당 음식이 맛있다고 해요. (They say the food at that restaurant is delicious.)
To report future plans or predictions, we use -ㄹ/을 거라고 하다. This combines the future tense ending with the reported speech marker.
* 친구가 내일 파티에 올 거라고 했어요. (My friend said they would come to the party tomorrow.)
* 비가 올 거라고 들었어요. (I heard it's going to rain.)
When you need to report a question, the pattern is -냐고/으냐고 묻다/하다. The verb 묻다 (to ask) is commonly used.
* 선생님이 숙제가 있냐고 물어봤어요. (The teacher asked if there was homework.)
* 친구가 어디 가냐고 했어요. (My friend asked where I was going.)
For reporting commands or requests, we use -(으)라고 하다. Remember the distinction for give me requests: -달라고 하다 when the speaker is asking for something for themselves, and -주라고 하다 when asking for something for someone else.
* 엄마가 방을 청소하라고 했어요. (Mom told me to clean my room.)
* 친구가 저에게 책을 달라고 했어요. (My friend asked me to give them the book.)
To report suggestions or proposals, similar to "let's," we use -자고 하다.
* 수미가 같이 밥 먹자고 했어요. (Sumi suggested we eat together.)
Finally, for a casual and natural flow, master the short reported speech form: -ㄴ/은/는대. This is a shortened version of -다고/라고/냐고/자고 하다 and is very common in informal conversations.
* 친구가 오늘 바쁘대. (My friend said they're busy today.) (Short for 바쁘다고 해.)
* 내일 영화 보러 가재. (They suggested we go watch a movie tomorrow.) (Short for 가자고 해.)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 친구가 어디 가다고 물어봤어요.
✓ Correct: 친구가 어디 가냐고 물어봤어요.
*Explanation:* When reporting a question, you must use the question form -냐고/으냐고 with 묻다/하다, not the statement form -다고.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 엄마가 숙제를 같이 하라고 했어요. (Meaning: Mom suggested we do homework together.)
✓ Correct: 엄마가 숙제를 같이 하자고 했어요.
*Explanation:* -(으)라고 하다 is for commands (do it!). If you want to report a suggestion ("let's do it!"), you need to use -자고 하다.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 사장님이 회의가 늦겠대. (Meaning: The boss said the meeting would be late.)
✓ Correct: 사장님이 회의가 늦을 거라고 했어요.
*Explanation:* The short reported speech form -ㄴ/은/는대 is highly informal. It's inappropriate to use it when speaking about or to superiors like your boss (사장님). Always use the full, polite forms in formal situations.

Real Conversations

A

A

민수 씨가 내일 뭐 한대요? (What did Minsu say he's doing tomorrow?)
B

B

민수 씨가 내일 친구랑 영화 보러 갈 거라고 했어요. (Minsu said he's going to watch a movie with a friend tomorrow.)
A

A

어제 선생님이 뭐라고 물어보셨어요? (What did the teacher ask yesterday?)
B

B

선생님이 다음 주까지 숙제를 내라고 하셨어요. (The teacher told us to turn in the homework by next week.)
A

A

수미가 왜 이렇게 피곤해 보여? (Why does Sumi look so tired?)
B

B

어제 밤새 게임했대. (She said she played games all night last night.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I use Korean indirect speech for adjectives?

For adjectives, you generally use -다고 하다. For example, '예쁘다' (to be pretty) becomes '예쁘다고 하다' (said it was pretty). You attach -다고 하다 directly to the adjective stem.

Q

What's the difference between -라고 하다 and -달라고 하다 in Korean reported commands?

-라고 하다 is a general command, telling someone to do something. -달라고 하다 is a specific type of command used when the speaker is asking someone to *give something to them* or *do something for them*. For example, '돈을 내라고 했어요' (He told them to pay money) vs. '돈을 달라고 했어요' (He asked them to give *him* money).

Q

Can I use -ㄴ/은/는대 in formal situations?

No, -ㄴ/은/는대 is an informal, casual form of reported speech and should be avoided in formal settings or when speaking to superiors. Stick to the full, polite forms like -다고 하다 and -라고 하다 when formality is required.

Q

Are there different forms of indirect speech for different tenses in Korean?

Yes! The tense of the original statement is often reflected *before* the indirect speech ending. For example, '먹었다' (ate) becomes '먹었다고 하다' (said they ate), and '먹을 것이다' (will eat) becomes '먹을 거라고 하다' (said they would eat).

Cultural Context

In Korean culture, using indirect speech is incredibly common, especially to soften direct statements, avoid confrontation, or show politeness. Instead of directly stating an opinion, Koreans often say "They say it's good
(좋다고 해요) or
I heard it's good" (좋대요). The short forms like -ㄴ/은/는대 are prevalent in casual conversations among friends and family, making communication faster and more fluid.
Mastering these forms will make your Korean sound much more natural and integrated into everyday social interactions.

重要な例文 (8)

1

Jessica said she came to Korea yesterday.

ジェシカが昨日韓国に来たと言っていました。

〜したと言う (過去の間接話法)
2

I heard that movie was really interesting.

あの映画、本当に面白かったって聞いたよ。

〜したと言う (過去の間接話法)
3

민수가 내일 학교에 올 거라고 했어요.

ミンスが明日学校に来ると言っていました。

未来の報告：〜すると聞きました (ㄹ/을 거라고)
4

기상청에서 오늘 밤에 눈이 올 거라고 해요.

気象庁が今夜雪が降ると言っています。

未来の報告：〜すると聞きました (ㄹ/을 거라고)
5

My friend asked if the movie was interesting.

友達が映画が面白いか（どうか）聞きました。

質問の報告：「〜かどうか尋ねた」(냐고/으냐고 묻다)
6

The teacher asked if I had done all my homework.

先生が宿題を全部やったか質問されました。

質問の報告：「〜かどうか尋ねた」(냐고/으냐고 묻다)
7

The doctor told me to quit smoking.

お医者さんがタバコをやめるようにとおっしゃいました。

命令の引用：「〜しろと言う」 ((으)라고 하다)
8

My friend told me to come early tomorrow.

友達が明日早く来てって言ってたよ。

命令の引用：「〜しろと言う」 ((으)라고 하다)

ヒントとコツ (4)

🎯

短縮形「대」を使いこなそう

日常会話では「~았/었다고 해」を縮めて «갔대» のように言うのが一番自然だよ。«그 사람이 벌써 갔대.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜したと言う (過去の間接話法)
💡

「伝言役」のニュアンス

これを使うと「あくまで聞いた話」という感じが出て、自分の責任を少し減らせます。 «내일은 날씨가 좋을 거라고 해요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 未来の報告：〜すると聞きました (ㄹ/을 거라고)
🎯

会話で使えるショートカット

日常会話では、으 や 느 を省略することが多いです。例えば 좋으냐고 は «좋냐고»、가느냐고 は «가냐고» と言うと、ぐっとネイティブっぽくなりますよ。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 質問の報告：「〜かどうか尋ねた」(냐고/으냐고 묻다)
🎯

「あげる」の使い分けに注意！

話し手が「自分にちょうだい」と言ったなら «달라고»、他の人に「あげて」と言ったなら «주라고» を使います。 «나한테 달라고 했어요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 命令の引用：「〜しろと言う」 ((으)라고 하다)

重要な語彙 (5)

전하다 (jeonhada) to convey/relay 소문 (somun) rumor 말씀하다 (malsseumhada) to speak (honorific) 물어보다 (mureoboda) to ask 제안하다 (jeanhada) to suggest

Real-World Preview

coffee

Office Gossip

Review Summary

  • Verb + -다고 하다
  • Verb + -ㄹ/을 거라고 하다
  • Verb + -냐고 묻다
  • Verb + -(으)라고 하다
  • Verb + -자고 하다
  • Verb + -ㄴ/은/는대

よくある間違い

You cannot use -다고 for questions. Use -냐고 for inquiries.

Wrong: 그가 집에 간다고 묻었어요.
正解: 그가 집에 가냐고 물었어요.

Reported commands drop the polite honorific suffix inside the quote.

Wrong: 선생님은 공부를 하세요라고 했어요.
正解: 선생님은 공부를 하라고 하셨어요.

In casual settings, -대 is much more natural than the full -다고 해요.

Wrong: 내일 비가 온다고 해요 (shortened to 내일 비가 온대요 is correct, but using long form in casual speech sounds stiff).
正解: 내일 비가 온대요.

このチャプターのルール (6)

1

〜したと言う (過去の間接話法)

B1
過去に起きたことを引用する時は、過去形に «다고» をプラス！「〜したって」「〜だったって」という意味になるよ。
Jessica said she came to Korea yesterday.
10 例文
2

未来の報告：〜すると聞きました (ㄹ/을 거라고)

B1
未来の予定や予想を伝えるときは «ㄹ/을 거라고» を使いましょう。 «말하다» や «생각하다» とセットで使うのが定番です。
민수가 내일 학교에 올 거라고 했어요.
10 例文
3

質問の報告：「〜かどうか尋ねた」(냐고/으냐고 묻다)

B1
誰かが言った質問を伝える魔法の言葉です。形容詞なら «-(으)냐고»、動詞なら «-느냐고» を使って「〜か（どうか）聞く」と表現します。
My friend asked if the movie was interesting.
10 例文
4

命令の引用：「〜しろと言う」 ((으)라고 하다)

B1
誰かに「〜して」と言われた内容を伝える魔法の言葉です。«(으)라고 하다» を使い、自分への要求なら «달라고» に変えるのがコツです。
The doctor told me to quit smoking.
12 例文
5

間接話法：勧誘「〜しよう」 (-자고 하다)

B1
誰かの「〜しよう！」という誘いを伝える時は «-자고 하다» を使いましょう。短縮形の «~재요» もよく使われますよ！
My friend suggested we have a drink tonight.
10 例文
6

伝聞の短縮形：～なんだって／～だそうです (-ㄴ/은/는대)

B1
人から聞いた話を「〜だって」と短く伝える魔法の言葉 «-대(요)» を使いこなしましょう。
내일 비가 온대요.
11 例文

Next Steps

You've successfully mastered the art of reporting! Use these new tools to keep your conversations lively and accurate. See you in the next chapter!

Listen to a K-drama and identify one reported statement.

Continue to: Respecting the Subject: Honorific Verb Forms

クイック練習 (10)

未来の計画を正しく報告している文を選んでください。

正しい文章はどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 선생님이 시험이 쉬울 거라고 했어요.
形容詞「쉬우다/쉽다」の未来の予想を報告するには «쉬울 거라고» を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 未来の報告：〜すると聞きました (ㄹ/을 거라고)

「彼は家に帰ったと言いました」を正しく報告しているのはどれ？

正しい韓国語を選んでね：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 집에 갔다고 했어요.
«간다고» は現在、«가라고» は命令、«갔다고» が過去の報告だよ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜したと言う (過去の間接話法)

間違っている部分を見つけて直しましょう。

친구가 피자를 먹거라고 했어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 친구가 피자를 먹을 거라고 했어요.
「먹다」のようにパッチムがある動詞には «을 거라고» を付けるのがルールです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 未来の報告：〜すると聞きました (ㄹ/을 거라고)

次の文章の間違いを見つけて直してください。

수진 씨가 이 책을 읽느냐고 물었어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 수진 씨가 이 책을 읽었냐고 물었어요.
읽느냐고 も現在形として間違いではありませんが、特定の本について聞く時は「読んだか（過去）」と聞くのが一般的です。文脈に合わせて過去形にするのが自然です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 質問の報告：「〜かどうか尋ねた」(냐고/으냐고 묻다)

「パンを食べて（빵을 먹어）」の報告文の間違いを直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

엄마가 빵을 먹라고 했어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 엄마가 빵을 먹으라고 했어요.
「먹다」はパッチムがあるので「-으라고」にする必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 命令の引用：「〜しろと言う」 ((으)라고 하다)

次の質問を報告する文を完成させてください："지금 바빠요?" (今忙しいですか？)

친구가 저에게 지금 ______ 물었어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 바쁘냐고
바쁘다 は形容詞で、母音で終わるので -냐고 を付けます。바쁘다고 は宣言、바쁘라고 は命令になってしまいます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 質問の報告：「〜かどうか尋ねた」(냐고/으냐고 묻다)

未来の伝聞形を使って、空欄を埋めてみましょう。

지수가 내일 파티에 (오다) ___ 했어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 올 거라고
「明日」(내일) の予定を報告しているので、未来形の «올 거라고» が正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 未来の報告：〜すると聞きました (ㄹ/을 거라고)

正しい伝聞の形を空欄に入れてください。

친구가 내일 ___ (오다). (友達が明日来るんだって。)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 온대
現在形の動作動詞で母音語幹（오다）の場合、-ㄴ대 を付けます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 伝聞の短縮形：～なんだって／～だそうです (-ㄴ/은/는대)

「映画が面白いって聞いたよ」という正しい文を選んでください。

文法的に正しいものを選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 영화가 재미있대.
재미있다（面白い）は形容詞扱いなので、シンプルに -대 を付けます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 伝聞の短縮形：～なんだって／～だそうです (-ㄴ/은/는대)

「泣かないで（울지 마）」を正しく伝えている文はどれ？

正しい文を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 울지 말라고 했어요.
禁止の命令は「-지 말라고 하다」という形になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 命令の引用：「〜しろと言う」 ((으)라고 하다)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

「았/었다고」は過去のこと（食べたと言った）を引用し、「ㄴ/는다고」は現在のこと（食べていると言った）を引用するよ。«먹었다고» vs «먹는다고» の違いだね。
もちろんだよ！現在は形容詞に「ㄴ/는」を付けないけど、過去形なら動詞と同じで «좋았다» → «좋았다고» になるんだ。
話し言葉でよく使われる少し柔らかい表現です。丁寧にするなら最後に「요」を付けて «거라고요» と言えばOKです。
はい！名詞には «일 거라고» を付けます。 «선물일 거라고 생각해요» (プレゼントだと思います)のように使います。
他の人がした質問を、第三者に伝えるための表現です。「『大丈夫？』って言ってたよ」を「彼女は私が大丈夫か（どうか）聞いた」という形に変えるイメージですね。例えば «괜찮으냐고 물었어요» のように使います。
形容詞の語幹によります。子音で終わるなら -으냐고 («좋으냐고»)、母音で終わるなら -냐고 («예쁘냐고») を使います。
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