A2 · 初中級 チャプター 5

Comparing and Contrasting

7 トータルルール
74 例文
6 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of comparing everything from prices to coffee quality in Chinese.

  • State that two things are identical using the equality pattern.
  • Contrast items using 'than' and 'not as' structures.
  • Add specific measurements and intensity to your comparisons.
Better, faster, stronger: Compare like a pro!

学べること

Hey friend! Ever wanted to say "This coffee isn't as tasty as that one or This phone is much more expensive than that one"? Well, now's your chance! In this chapter, we're going to master all sorts of comparisons in Chinese. You'll learn how to express that two things are exactly the same as using {跟...一样}, and how to state

A is better than B
with {比}. Want to say something "doesn't measure up"? No worries, {没有} has got your back. We'll even cover how to use {更} to say something is even more of a certain quality, and how to add precision to your comparisons with phrases like {一点儿} or {多了}, or even specific quantities. You'll never get stuck comparing prices while shopping, choosing a restaurant, or describing your friends again. These skills are super useful in everyday Chinese conversations. Ready to level up your chats? Let's dive in!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to state two items are the same using 跟(gēn)...一样(yíyàng).
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to construct sentences comparing two objects using 比(bǐ).
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to express inferiority using 没有(méiyǒu).
  4. 4
    By the end you will be able to quantify differences using degree complements like 一点儿(yīdiǎnr).

チャプターガイド

Overview

Hey there, future Chinese master! Welcome to our Comparing and Contrasting chapter, a super exciting and essential part of your A2 Chinese grammar journey. Ever found yourself wanting to say something like, "This coffee isn't as tasty as that one or My phone is much newer than yours"?
Well, you're in the right place! Mastering comparisons is a game-changer for daily conversations and will significantly boost your fluency.
In this chapter, we're diving deep into how to express various types of comparisons in Chinese. You'll learn the key structures to say two things are exactly the same as using 跟...一样 (gēn... yīyàng), and how to declare
A is better than B
with the versatile 比 (bǐ).
We'll also tackle how to say something "doesn't measure up or is not as good as
using 没有 (méiyǒu). Plus, we’ll explore how to add emphasis with 更 (gèng) for
even more" and bring precision to your comparisons with phrases like 一点儿 (yīdiǎnr), 多了 (duōle), or even specific quantities. These Chinese comparisons are fundamental for everything from shopping and ordering food to describing people and places.
Get ready to level up your A2 Chinese communication skills!

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down the core structures you'll be using to compare and contrast in Chinese. First up, for expressing equality, we use 跟...一样 (gēn... yīyàng), meaning "as...
as or the same as". The structure is A 跟 B 一样 (+ Adjective). For example: 他的手机跟我的手机一样新。 (Tā de shǒujī gēn wǒ de shǒujī yīyàng xīn.
- His phone is as new as my phone.) Or, if they are exactly the same, you can just say: 他的手机跟我的手机一样。 (His phone is the same as my phone.)
Next, the mighty 比 (bǐ) is your go-to for saying
A is more... than B
. The basic structure is A 比 B + Adjective.
For instance: 北京比上海大。 (Běijīng bǐ Shànghǎi dà. - Beijing is bigger than Shanghai.) Notice we don't use adverbs like 很 (hěn) after 比. To show a greater degree, you can add 更 (gèng) before the adjective for even more: 这个菜比那个菜更好吃。 (Zhège cài bǐ nàge cài gèng hǎochī.
- This dish is even tastier than that dish.)
When something "doesn't measure up or is not as... as" something else, 没有 (méiyǒu) is your friend. The structure is A 没有 B + Adjective.
For example: 他没有我高。 (Tā méiyǒu wǒ gāo. - He is not as tall as me.) This is your primary way to negate comparisons in Chinese, rather than using 不比 (bù bǐ).
Finally, to add precision to your 比 (bǐ) comparisons, you can specify how much more. You can add 一点儿 (yīdiǎnr) (a little bit), 多了 (duōle) (much more), or specific quantities after the adjective. For example: 他比我高一点儿。 (Tā bǐ wǒ gāo yīdiǎnr.
- He is a little bit taller than me.) 这个手机比那个手机贵多了。 (Zhège shǒujī bǐ nàge shǒujī guì duōle. - This phone is much more expensive than that phone.) Or with a specific number: 他比我大两岁。 (Tā bǐ wǒ dà liǎng suì. - He is two years older than me.) These Chinese grammar structures are incredibly useful for everyday interactions!

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 他比我很高。 (Tā bǐ wǒ hěn gāo.)
✓ Correct: 他比我高。 (Tā bǐ wǒ gāo.)
*Explanation:* When using 比 (bǐ) for comparison, you generally do not put an adverb of degree like 很 (hěn), 非常 (fēicháng), or 特别 (tèbié) directly before the adjective. The comparison itself implies the degree.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 我比你不好。 (Wǒ bǐ nǐ bù hǎo.)
✓ Correct: 我没有你好。 (Wǒ méiyǒu nǐ hǎo.)
*Explanation:* To say
A is not as... as B,
the correct structure is A 没有 (méiyǒu) B + Adjective. While 不比 (bù bǐ) exists, it usually means
not necessarily more... than
or "doesn't compare to
in a different nuance, and 没有 (méiyǒu) is the standard way for
not as... as."
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 他高比我一点儿。 (Tā gāo bǐ wǒ yīdiǎnr.)
✓ Correct: 他比我高一点儿。 (Tā bǐ wǒ gāo yīdiǎnr.)
*Explanation:* The degree adverb or quantity (like 一点儿, 多了, or a specific number) always comes *after* the adjective in a 比 (bǐ) comparison. The structure is A 比 B + Adjective + Degree/Quantity.

Real Conversations

A

A

你觉得北京的冬天冷吗？ (Nǐ juéde Běijīng de dōngtiān lěng ma? - Do you think Beijing's winter is cold?)
B

B

嗯，北京的冬天比上海冷多了。 (En, Běijīng de dōngtiān bǐ Shànghǎi lěng duōle. - Hmm, Beijing's winter is much colder than Shanghai's.)
A

A

你的新手机跟我的旧手机一样大吗？ (Nǐ de xīn shǒujī gēn wǒ de jiù shǒujī yīyàng dà ma? - Is your new phone as big as my old phone?)
B

B

不一样，我的新手机比你的旧手机小一点儿。 (Bù yīyàng, wǒ de xīn shǒujī bǐ nǐ de jiù shǒujī xiǎo yīdiǎnr. - No, my new phone is a little smaller than your old phone.)
A

A

我觉得这个饭店的菜没有上次那家好吃。 (Wǒ juéde zhège fàndiàn de cài méiyǒu shàngcì nà jiā hǎochī. - I think this restaurant's food isn't as tasty as the last one.)
B

B

是啊，上次那家更好吃。 (Shì a, shàngcì nà jiā gèng hǎochī. - Yeah, the last one was even tastier.)

Quick FAQ

Q

Can I use 不比 (bù bǐ) instead of 没有 (méiyǒu) to say not as... as?

While 不比 (bù bǐ) exists, it has a slightly different nuance, often meaning

not necessarily more than
or "doesn't compare to. For a straightforward A is not as [adjective] as B," 没有 (méiyǒu) is the standard and most natural choice in A2 Chinese.

Q

Where does 更 (gèng) go in a sentence with 比 (bǐ)?

更 (gèng) (meaning even more) always goes *before* the adjective in a 比 (bǐ) comparison. For example: A 比 B 更 + Adjective.

Q

What's the difference between using 一点儿 (yīdiǎnr) and 多了 (duōle) after an adjective in a 比 (bǐ) comparison?

一点儿 (yīdiǎnr) means a little bit, indicating a small difference. 多了 (duōle) means much more, indicating a significant difference. Choose based on the degree of difference you want to express.

Q

Can 一样 (yīyàng) be used without 跟 (gēn)?

Yes, 一样 (yīyàng) can be used alone to say the same in general, or when the comparison is implied. However, to explicitly state

A is the same as B,
you'll need the 跟...一样 structure.

Cultural Context

Chinese speakers often use these comparison structures directly in daily life, whether it's discussing weather, comparing prices in a market, or sharing opinions about food. The use of 比 and 没有 is very common and straightforward. Unlike some languages where direct comparisons might be seen as impolite, in Chinese, they are a standard and efficient way to convey information and personal preferences.
Mastering these Chinese grammar patterns will make your conversations much more natural and expressive.

ヒントとコツ (4)

⚠️

「とても」禁止ルール

形容詞の前に «很» や «非常» を置いてはいけません。一番間違いやすいポイントです！ «他比我高。» と言えば十分伝わります。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Bǐ (比) を使った比較の表現
⚠️

「とても」の罠に注意！

比較の文では «很» (とても) や «非常» (非常に) は使いません。例えば «他比我忙。» だけで「彼は私より忙しい」という意味になります。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「比 (bǐ)」を使った比較（AはBより〜だ）
⚠️

「とても」の罠に注意！

«比» を使う時は «很» や «非常» はお休みです。比較文自体に「より〜だ」という意味が含まれているからです。もっと強調したいなら語尾に «多了» を使いましょう。«这个比那个贵多了。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 精密な比較：「どれくらい」違うか伝える (比 + 差の程度)
⚠️

「不」は使わないで！

比較の否定で «A不B 形容詞» とは言えません。必ず «没有» を使いましょう。 «我不你高» は間違いです。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「没有 (méiyǒu)」を使った比較 (〜ほど〜ない)

重要な語彙 (7)

手机(shǒujī) cell phone 贵(guì) expensive 便宜(piányi) cheap 高(gāo) tall/high 快(kuài) fast 舒服(shūfu) comfortable 咖啡(kāfēi) coffee

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

Buying a New Phone

Review Summary

  • A + 跟 + B + 一样 (+ Adj)
  • A + 比 + B + Adj
  • A + 没有 + B (+ 那么) + Adj
  • A + 比 + B + 更 + Adj
  • A + 比 + B + Adj + 一点儿/多了

よくある間違い

You cannot use '很' (hěn) in a comparison sentence because '比' (bǐ) already establishes the comparison degree. Adding '很' is redundant and grammatically incorrect.

Wrong: 他比我很漂亮。 (Tā bǐ wǒ hěn piàoliang.)
正解: 他比我漂亮。 (Tā bǐ wǒ piàoliang.)

While '不比' exists, it usually means 'A is not more than B (but could be equal)'. To say 'A is not as tall as B', '没有' (méiyǒu) is the standard and most natural pattern.

Wrong: 我不比他高。 (Wǒ bù bǐ tā gāo.)
正解: 我没有他高。 (Wǒ méiyǒu tā gāo.)

You cannot use precision modifiers like '一点儿' (yīdiǎnr) with '一样' (yíyàng) because '一样' means they are exactly the same, leaving no room for a 'little bit' of difference.

Wrong: 这个跟那个一样大一点儿。 (Zhège gēn nàge yíyàng dà yīdiǎnr.)
正解: 这个比那个大一点儿。 (Zhège bǐ nàge dà yīdiǎnr.)

このチャプターのルール (7)

1

Bǐ (比) を使った比較の表現

A2
比較の基本は「A 比 B 形容詞」の形です。 «很» は使わずに、 «比» 、 «没有» 、 «更» などのキーワードを使い分けましょう。
哥哥比弟弟高。
10 例文
2

「比 (bǐ)」を使った比較（AはBより〜だ）

A2
「A 比 B ＋ 形容詞」の形を覚えるだけで、身の回りのものを簡単に比べられます。«比» でつなぎ、«更» で強調、«得多» で大きな差を表現しましょう。
Older brother is taller than younger brother.
12 例文
3

精密な比較：「どれくらい」違うか伝える (比 + 差の程度)

A2
差を具体的に伝えたい時は、形容詞のあとに «一点儿» や «多了»、具体的な数字を置くだけでOKです！
今天比昨天热一点儿。
12 例文
4

「没有 (méiyǒu)」を使った比較 (〜ほど〜ない)

A2
「AはBに及ばない」と言いたい時は «没有» を使いましょう。 «那么» や «这么» をセットにすると表現が豊かになります。
这个APP没有那个好用。
10 例文
5

比較の否定：〜ほど〜ない (没有 méiyǒu)

A2
何かが特定の基準に届かないときは «没有» を使いましょう。«那么» や «这么» とセットで使うのがネイティブ流です。
我的手机没有你的新。
10 例文
6

比較（同じ）：〜と同じくらい (跟...一样)

A2
二つのものが「同じ」だと言いたい時は «跟...一样» という魔法のフレーズを使いましょう！
他的手机跟我的一样。
10 例文
7

中国語の比較：「さらに〜」と言う方法 (`更`)

A2
形容詞の前に «更» を置くだけで、今の状態をさらにアップグレードした「もっと〜」という表現が作れます。
{这台电脑更快。|Zhè tái diànnǎo gèng kuài.}
10 例文

Next Steps

You've just unlocked a huge part of functional Chinese! Being able to compare things makes you a much more effective communicator. Keep practicing those '比' sentences!

Go to a grocery store and compare the prices of two fruits aloud in Chinese.

Write 5 sentences comparing your best friend to yourself.

Continue to: Linking Ideas and Journeys

クイック練習 (3)

「私の車はあなたのと同じです」という正しい文を選んでください。

正しい文法はどれ？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我的车跟你的车一样。|wǒ de chē gēn nǐ de chē yīyàng.}
このパターンでは shì や hěn は必要ありません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 比較（同じ）：〜と同じくらい (跟...一样)

「彼は私と同じくらい忙しい」と言うために、空欄を埋めてみましょう。

{他|tā} ___ {我|wǒ} {一样|yīyàng} {忙|máng}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {和|hé}
比較する二つのものを繋ぐには «和» や «跟» を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 比較（同じ）：〜と同じくらい (跟...一样)

この文の間違いを見つけて直しましょう: {他比我一样高。|tā bǐ wǒ yīyàng gāo.}

Find and fix the mistake:

{他|tā} {比|bǐ} {我|wǒ} {一样|yīyàng} {高|gāo}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {他跟我一样高。|tā gēn wǒ yīyàng gāo.}
「同じ」であることを表すには «比» ではなく «跟» を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 比較（同じ）：〜と同じくらい (跟...一样)

Score: /3

よくある質問 (6)

はい、でも «喜欢» や «讨厌» のような感情を表す動詞だけです。動作を比べるなら «跑得快» のような補語を使います。 «我比他喜欢听音乐。»
いいえ、 「〜ほど〜ない」なら «没有» 、「同じ」なら «跟...一样» を使います。 «比» は「〜より〜だ」という時に使います。 «咖啡没有茶好喝。»
はい！その場合は «得» を使います。例えば «他跑得比我快» (彼は私より走るのが速い) と言います。
«比» 自体に「〜より〜だ」という比較の度合いが含まれているので、«很» を入れると意味が重複してしまうからです。
基本的には使いません。«太» は絶対的な強調（高すぎる！など）に使いますが、比較には «多了» を使いましょう。«这个比那个好多了。»
「多了」はよりカジュアルで話し言葉に多く、「得多」は書き言葉でも使われる少しカッチリした表現です。«他比我高得多。»
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