The Conditional Tense: Politeness & Hypotheticals (-ia)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The conditional tense describes actions that would happen under certain conditions, ending in -ia for most verbs.
- Add -ia, -ias, -ia, -íamos, -íeis, -iam to the full infinitive verb.
- It is used for politeness, such as 'Eu gostaria de um café' (I would like a coffee).
- It expresses hypothetical scenarios, like 'Eu viajaria se tivesse dinheiro' (I would travel if I had money).
Overview
The Conditional Tense, known in Portuguese as the Futuro do Pretérito (Future of the Past), is a crucial grammatical tool for expressing actions and states that are contingent upon a condition or are hypothetical. At its core, it allows you to articulate what "would" happen, "would like to" happen, or what "should" happen under specific, often unfulfilled, circumstances. This tense is indispensable for nuanced communication in Portuguese, bridging the gap between direct statements and polite suggestions, between reality and imagination.
Mastering the conditional signifies a significant step toward B1 fluency, enabling you to engage in more sophisticated conversations and understand the underlying politeness structures prevalent in the language.
How This Grammar Works
Futuro do Pretérito is a synthetic tense, meaning its endings are directly affixed to the verb stem, contrasting with analytical tenses that use separate auxiliary verbs.Eu quero água. While grammatically correct, it can be perceived as abrupt or demanding. By shifting to the conditional, Eu gostaria de água (literally, "I would like water"), you transform a direct statement into a polite request.Futuro do Pretérito doesn't just change the timing of an action; it alters the speaker's stance towards it, imbuing it with a sense of conditionality, desire, or suggestion.Formation Pattern
-ar, -er, -ir) before adding new suffixes, the Conditional employs the full infinitive form as its stem. You simply attach the specific conditional endings directly to this infinitive. This consistent pattern across all three conjugations (-ar, -er, -ir) makes it one of the most predictable tenses to learn, significantly reducing the cognitive load for learners at the B1 level.
-ar, -er, or -ir, the stem remains the full infinitive.
Eu (I) ➔ add -ia
Tu (You - informal) ➔ add -ias
Você/Ele/Ela (You/He/She - formal/singular) ➔ add -ia
Nós (We) ➔ add -íamos (Note the accent on the i)
Vós (You all - archaic/informal plural) ➔ add -íeis (Note the accent on the i)
Vocês/Eles/Elas (You all/They - formal/plural) ➔ add -iam
-ar verb, falar (to speak):
Eu falaria (I would speak)
Você falaria (You would speak)
Nós falaríamos (We would speak)
-er verb, comer (to eat):
Eu comeria (I would eat)
Ele comeria (He would eat)
Eles comeriam (They would eat)
-ir verb, partir (to leave/depart):
Eu partiria (I would leave)
Ela partiria (She would leave)
Elas partiriam (They would leave)
-ia, -ias, -íamos, etc.) remain entirely regular. You must memorize these stem changes, as they are fundamental.
Fazer (to do/make) ➔ Faria-
Eu faria (I would do/make)
Nós faríamos (We would do/make)
Dizer (to say/tell) ➔ Diria-
Eu diria (I would say/tell)
Você diria (You would say/tell)
Trazer (to bring) ➔ Traria-
Eu traria (I would bring)
Eles trariam (They would bring)
refazer (to redo) becomes refaria-, contradizer (to contradict) becomes contradizia-, and distrazer (to distress, less common) would technically follow distraria- if used in this context. Focus on the core three, as their derivatives are less frequently encountered in the conditional.
Conjugation Table
| Pronoun | Falar (Regular) |
Fazer (Irregular) |
Dizer (Irregular) |
Trazer (Irregular) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| :-------------- | :---------------- | :------------------ | :------------------ | :------------------- | ||
Eu |
falaria |
faria |
diria |
traria |
||
Tu |
falarias |
farias |
dirias |
trarias |
||
Você/Ele/Ela |
falaria |
faria |
diria |
traria |
||
Nós |
falaríamos |
faríamos |
diríamos |
traríamos |
||
Vós |
falaríeis |
faríeis |
diríeis |
traríeis |
||
Vocês/Eles/Elas |
falariam |
fariam |
diriam |
trariam |
When To Use It
if clauses (orações condicionais) to describe what would happen if a certain condition were met, but isn't. The conditional tense typically appears in the main clause, while the conditional clause (introduced by se, if) uses the Imperfect Subjunctive.Se eu ganhasse na loteria, eu viajaria o mundo.(If I won the lottery, I would travel the world.)Ele estudaria mais se tivesse mais tempo.(He would study more if he had more time.)Você aceitaria ajuda, se eu a oferecesse?(Would you accept help, if I offered it?)
Gostaria de um café, por favor.(I would like a coffee, please.) - Far more polite thanQuero um café.Poderia me ajudar com esta caixa?(Could you help me with this box?) - Softer thanPode me ajudar?Deveria considerar a nossa proposta.(You should consider our proposal.) - A polite suggestion, not a strong imperative.
O novo presidente enfrentaria grandes desafios econômicos.(The new president would face/is expected to face major economic challenges.)Os cientistas diriam que a pesquisa é promissora.(Scientists would say/are said to say that the research is promising.)A cantora estaria doente e cancelaria a turnê.(The singer would be/is reportedly sick and would cancel the tour.)
Ele disse que viria no dia seguinte.(He said he would come the next day.) - Original statement:Virei amanhã.(I will come tomorrow.)Eu prometi que telefonaria à noite.(I promised I would call in the evening.)Sabíamos que a situação melhoraria.(We knew that the situation would improve.)
dever):dever (to owe/should), the conditional deveria conveys advice or a gentle obligation, similar to "should" or "ought to" in English, but with a softer tone than a direct command.Você deveria estudar mais para o exame.(You should study more for the exam.)Nós deveríamos avisá-los sobre o problema.(We should inform them about the problem.)
Common Mistakes
Eu would gostar or Eu would ir. Remember, in Portuguese, "would" is embedded within the verb's ending as -ia (or its variations). The conditional form is a single word, such as gostaria or iria.if clauses (se clauses), a crucial mistake is pairing the conditional tense with an incorrect tense in the se clause. For unreal conditions (hypothetical situations that are contrary to fact or unlikely), the conditional tense (falaria) in the main clause must be accompanied by the Imperfect Subjunctive (falasse, tivesse, fosse) in the se clause. Incorrectly using the simple past (Se eu ganhei na loteria...) or present tense (Se eu ganho na loteria...) in the se clause fundamentally alters the meaning or results in ungrammatical sentences.- Correct:
Se eu tivesse dinheiro, viajaria.(If I had money, I would travel.) - Incorrect:
Se eu tinha dinheiro, viajaria.(Incorrect use of imperfect indicative.) - Incorrect:
Se eu tenho dinheiro, viajaria.(Incorrect pairing of tenses for a hypothetical scenario.)
Nós and Vós forms):i in Nós (-íamos) and Vós (-íeis) forms is not optional; it indicates the stressed syllable. Omitting it will lead to mispronunciation and potentially make the word sound like the imperfect indicative, which has a different stress pattern (falaríamos vs. falariamos, if the accent were removed). The stress shift can cause confusion, making the speaker sound less articulate.Eu fazia instead of Eu faria) or ir + infinitive in the imperfect (Eu ia fazer), using these colloquialisms in formal writing, business emails, or official speeches is inappropriate. This is a register mismatch that can undermine your credibility. Reserve the standard conditional tense for situations demanding formality and precision.-ia) and some forms of the Imperfect Indicative (e.g., -ia for -er and -ir verbs) share similar endings for Eu/Você/Ele/Ela, learners sometimes confuse the two. The key distinction lies in their function: the Conditional expresses hypotheticality, politeness, or future-in-the-past, whereas the Imperfect Indicative describes habitual or ongoing past actions.Eu lia muito quando era criança.(Imperfect Indicative: I used to read a lot when I was a child - habitual past action.)Eu leria aquele livro se tivesse tempo.(Conditional: I would read that book if I had time - hypothetical action.)
Contrast With Similar Patterns
Eu fazia, Eu comia) used in place of the Conditional (Eu faria, Eu comeria). This is a common colloquial shortcut but is generally avoided in formal contexts and is less prevalent in European Portuguese.- Standard Conditional:
Eu compraria um carro novo se pudesse.(I would buy a new car if I could.) - Colloquial Brazilian (Imperfect Indicative):
Eu comprava um carro novo se pudesse.(Literally: I used to buy a new car if I could, but meaning: I would buy a new car if I could.)
Ir in the Imperfect + Infinitive (Colloquial Shortcut):ir (to go) conjugated in the Imperfect Indicative (ia, ias, íamos, etc.) followed by the infinitive of the main verb. This often translates to "was going to" or "would do."- Standard Conditional:
Eu faria o trabalho amanhã.(I would do the work tomorrow.) - Colloquial
ir+ infinitive:Eu ia fazer o trabalho amanhã.(I was going to do the work tomorrow / I would do the work tomorrow.)
- Future Simple (
Eu farei,Eu irei): Expresses actions that will certainly or very likely happen in the future, often without a explicit condition. Eu farei o jantar.(I will make dinner.)- Conditional (
Eu faria,Eu iria): Expresses actions that would happen under specific conditions, are hypothetical, or are polite requests. Eu faria o jantar se tivesse tempo.(I would make dinner if I had time.)
Futuro do Pretérito) is an indicative mood tense, despite its use in hypothetical scenarios. It frequently partners with the Imperfect Subjunctive in se clauses, but it is not a subjunctive tense itself. The subjunctive mood (que eu faça, se eu fizesse) primarily expresses desires, doubts, emotions, possibilities, or conditions that are uncertain or contrary to fact.- Imperfect Subjunctive (condition):
Se ele viesse, ficaríamos felizes.(If he came, we would be happy.) - Conditional (consequence):
Se ele viesse, ficaríamos felizes.
Real Conversations
The Conditional Tense manifests differently across various registers and communication channels. Observing its use in authentic contexts provides valuable insight for learners.
Formal Email/Business Communication (Portugal & Brazil):
In professional correspondence, the conditional is highly valued for its politeness and formality.
- Gostaria de agendar uma reunião para discutir os detalhes. (I would like to schedule a meeting to discuss the details.) - Far more appropriate than Quero agendar...
- Agradeceríamos se pudesse enviar os documentos até sexta-feira. (We would appreciate it if you could send the documents by Friday.)
- O senhor poderia confirmar a sua disponibilidade? (Could you confirm your availability?)
Journalism/News Reporting (Portugal & Brazil):
When reporting unconfirmed news or attributing statements, the conditional maintains a degree of professional detachment.
- O primeiro-ministro anunciaria novas medidas de austeridade. (The prime minister would announce/is expected to announce new austerity measures.)
- A investigação indicaria falhas graves na segurança. (The investigation would indicate/is said to indicate serious security flaws.)
Casual Conversation (Brazil - Informal):
Here, the informal shortcuts often dominate, though the formal conditional is still understood and used for emphasis on politeness.
- Eu ia te ligar, mas esqueci completamente! (I was going to call you, but I completely forgot!) - Using ia + infinitive.
- Se eu fosse você, não faria isso. (If I were you, I wouldn't do that.) - The standard conditional is common here for advice.
- A gente comprava uma pizza se não tivesse chovendo. (We would buy a pizza if it weren't raining.) - Using imperfect indicative as conditional.
Casual Conversation (Portugal - More frequent use of formal conditional):
European Portuguese speakers tend to use the grammatically correct conditional forms (falaria, comeria) more consistently in daily conversation than their Brazilian counterparts, even in informal settings.
- Eu gostaria de um chá, por favor. (I would like a tea, please.)
- Poderias emprestar-me a tua caneta? (Could you lend me your pen?) - The formal conditional is very natural here.
Progressive Practice
Consistent and varied practice is essential for internalizing the Conditional Tense and making its usage feel natural. Focus on exercises that build from recognition to active production.
- Sentence Transformation: Take simple declarative sentences in the present or future and rewrite them into conditional statements. For example, Eu compro um carro (I buy a car) becomes Eu compraria um carro se tivesse dinheiro (I would buy a car if I had money).
- Complete the Conditional Clause: Given a main clause in the conditional, provide an appropriate se clause using the Imperfect Subjunctive. Conversely, given a se clause, complete the sentence with a logical conditional main clause.
- Role-Playing Polite Interactions: Practice asking for things politely. Imagine scenarios like ordering food, asking for directions, or requesting a favor. Focus on using Gostaria de..., Poderia...?, Deveria...?.
- Reporting Unconfirmed News: Take a piece of unconfirmed news (e.g., from a gossip column or a rumor) and practice reporting it using the conditional to denote uncertainty: O ator estaria namorando a colega de trabalho.
- Listen and Identify: Pay close attention to Portuguese news broadcasts, interviews, or formal speeches. Try to identify instances of the Conditional Tense and note the context in which it's used. This helps develop an ear for its natural rhythm and function.
- Journaling/Writing Prompts: Write short paragraphs or journal entries exploring hypothetical situations: "If I could live anywhere, I would live in..." (Se eu pudesse viver em qualquer lugar, viveria em...) or "If I had more time, I would..." (Se eu tivesse mais tempo, faria...).
Quick FAQ
The grammatically standard Conditional Tense (gostaria, faria) is used significantly more frequently in daily spoken and written European Portuguese. In contrast, while understood, it is often replaced by colloquial alternatives (like the Imperfect Indicative or ir + infinitive in the imperfect) in informal Brazilian Portuguese.
Always use the formal Conditional in written communication (emails, official documents, academic papers), formal presentations, professional interactions, and any situation where politeness, respect, and grammatical precision are paramount. It demonstrates a higher level of linguistic proficiency.
fazer, dizer, and trazer?The three verbs fazer, dizer, and trazer are the primary irregulars in the Conditional Tense. Verbs derived from these, such as refazer (to redo) or contradizer (to contradict), will follow the same stem changes (e.g., refaria, contradizia). Beyond these, the Conditional Tense is remarkably regular, making it one of the most consistent tenses in Portuguese morphology.
No. While the Conditional endings share similarities with some Imperfect Indicative endings, the Conditional cannot express past habits. For "used to" actions, you must use the Imperfect Indicative (e.g., Eu jogava futebol - I used to play soccer). The Conditional's domain is strictly hypothetical, polite requests, future-in-the-past, or reported uncertainty.
Eu queria and Eu queria?Eu queria is the Imperfect Indicative of querer (to want) and can mean "I wanted" (a past desire) or, colloquially in Brazil, "I would like" (as a polite request). Eu gostaria is the Conditional of gostar (to like) and strictly means "I would like." While Eu queria is often used politely in Brazil, Eu gostaria is grammatically more precise for a conditional desire and is universally accepted as polite across both European and Brazilian Portuguese. Opt for Eu gostaria for clarity and universal politeness.
Conditional Conjugation (-ia endings)
| Pronoun | Falar | Comer | Partir |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Eu
|
falaria
|
comeria
|
partiria
|
|
Tu
|
falarias
|
comerias
|
partirias
|
|
Ele/Ela
|
falaria
|
comeria
|
partiria
|
|
Nós
|
falaríamos
|
comeríamos
|
partiríamos
|
|
Vós
|
falaríeis
|
comeríeis
|
partiríeis
|
|
Eles/Elas
|
falariam
|
comeriam
|
partiriam
|
Meanings
The conditional tense is used to express hypothetical actions, polite requests, or future actions relative to a past point in time.
Hypothetical
Actions that depend on a condition.
“Eu iria à festa se pudesse.”
“Ela compraria o carro se fosse mais barato.”
Politeness
Softening requests or desires.
“Gostaria de um copo de água.”
“Poderia me ajudar, por favor?”
Future in the Past
An action that was future-oriented from a past perspective.
“Ele disse que viria hoje.”
“Eu sabia que você ganharia o jogo.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Infinitive + -ia
|
Eu comeria
|
|
Negative
|
Não + Conditional
|
Eu não comeria
|
|
Question
|
Conditional + Subject?
|
Comeria você?
|
|
Short Answer
|
Sim/Não + Verb
|
Sim, eu comeria
|
|
Irregular
|
Shortened stem + -ia
|
Eu faria
|
|
Conditional + Se
|
Conditional + Se + Imperfect Subj.
|
Eu iria se pudesse
|
Formality Spectrum
Eu gostaria de falar com o gerente. (Professional complaint)
Eu queria falar com o gerente. (Professional complaint)
Queria falar com o gerente. (Professional complaint)
Dá pra falar com o gerente? (Professional complaint)
Conditional Uses
Politeness
- Gostaria I would like
Hypothetical
- Viajaria I would travel
Reported
- Disse que viria Said he would come
Examples by Level
Eu gostaria de um café.
I would like a coffee.
Você gostaria de água?
Would you like water?
Eu gostaria de falar português.
I would like to speak Portuguese.
Poderia me ajudar?
Could you help me?
Eu viajaria para o Brasil.
I would travel to Brazil.
Nós comeríamos pizza hoje.
We would eat pizza today.
Ele não faria isso.
He wouldn't do that.
Você compraria este livro?
Would you buy this book?
Se eu tivesse tempo, eu estudaria mais.
If I had time, I would study more.
Ela disse que chegaria às oito.
She said she would arrive at eight.
Eu não iria se fosse você.
I wouldn't go if I were you.
Nós faríamos o projeto juntos.
We would do the project together.
Eu gostaria que você viesse.
I would like you to come.
Seria melhor se esperássemos.
It would be better if we waited.
Eles não aceitariam essa oferta.
They wouldn't accept this offer.
Poderia ser que ele não saiba.
It could be that he doesn't know.
Eu teria ido se soubesse.
I would have gone if I had known.
Quem diria que isso aconteceria?
Who would say this would happen?
Eu não faria tal coisa, mesmo que pudesse.
I wouldn't do such a thing, even if I could.
Seria um erro ignorar os fatos.
It would be a mistake to ignore the facts.
Deveria ter sido mais cuidadoso.
I should have been more careful.
Se me pedissem, eu não recusaria.
If they asked me, I wouldn't refuse.
Não haveria solução sem cooperação.
There would be no solution without cooperation.
Eu preferiria não comentar.
I would prefer not to comment.
Easily Confused
Learners mix up 'will' (future) and 'would' (conditional).
Learners use conditional in the 'if' clause.
Brazilians use 'queria' for 'gostaria'.
Common Mistakes
Eu quero um café
Eu gostaria de um café
Eu vou gostar
Eu gostaria
Gostaria eu
Eu gostaria
Eu gostaria café
Eu gostaria de café
Se eu teria dinheiro, eu viajaria
Se eu tivesse dinheiro, eu viajaria
Eu faria isso se eu poderia
Eu faria isso se eu pudesse
Nós falaríamos
Nós falaríamos
Ele disse que virá
Ele disse que viria
Eu iria se eu teria tempo
Eu iria se eu tivesse tempo
Eu faria isso se eu puderia
Eu faria isso se eu pudesse
Se eu teria sabido
Se eu tivesse sabido
Eu diria que ele seria ido
Eu diria que ele teria ido
Eu preferiria de não falar
Eu preferiria não falar
Seria que ele não soubesse
Poderia ser que ele não soubesse
Sentence Patterns
Eu ___ de ___.
Eu ___ se ___.
Você ___ se ___?
Ele disse que ___.
Real World Usage
Eu gostaria de um hambúrguer.
Eu gostaria de saber mais sobre a empresa.
Você iria à praia?
Poderia me indicar um hotel?
Eu viajaria para lá agora mesmo!
Ele disse que me ligaria.
The 'IA' Trick
No Conditional after 'Se'
Politeness
Regional Variation
Smart Tips
Use 'Eu gostaria de' instead of 'Eu quero'.
Use the conditional for hypothetical plans.
Use the conditional for what someone said they would do.
Use 'Poderia' to soften the request.
Pronunciation
Stress
The stress is on the 'i' of the ending, except for 'nós' and 'vós' where it is on the 'í'.
Polite Request
Gostaria de um café? ↗
Rising intonation at the end makes it sound more polite.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'IA' as 'Imagine Action'.
Visual Association
Imagine a person standing in front of a mirror, dreaming of a different life. Every time they say 'I would', they add an 'IA' to the end of their verb.
Rhyme
For the conditional, don't be shy, just add the ending -ia to the infinitive, my!
Story
Maria wanted to travel. She said, 'Eu viajaria (I would travel) se tivesse dinheiro.' Her friend said, 'Eu te ajudaria (I would help you) se pudesse.' They both dreamed of the future.
Word Web
Challenge
Write 3 sentences about what you would do if you won the lottery.
Cultural Notes
Brazilians often use the imperfect indicative ('queria') instead of the conditional ('gostaria') to sound less formal and more friendly.
In Portugal, the conditional is used more strictly according to grammatical rules in formal settings.
Using the conditional is the standard way to show respect to customers.
The Portuguese conditional evolved from the Latin infinitive plus the imperfect of 'habere' (to have).
Conversation Starters
O que você faria se ganhasse na loteria?
Você gostaria de morar em outro país?
O que você diria para o seu 'eu' de dez anos atrás?
Você aceitaria um emprego no exterior?
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
Eu (comer) ___ um bolo agora.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.
faria / eu / isso / se / pudesse
Nós ___.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
A: Você quer ir? B: Eu ___ se pudesse.
The conditional is used for facts.
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercisesEu (comer) ___ um bolo agora.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.
faria / eu / isso / se / pudesse
Nós ___.
Fazer -> ?
A: Você quer ir? B: Eu ___ se pudesse.
The conditional is used for facts.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesIsso ___ (ser) ótimo!
Match the pronoun to the Conditional ending.
ajudar / você / me / poderia / ?
Translate: 'I would say'
Select the correct context.
Nós viajariamos amanhã.
Você ___ (trazer) sobremesa?
You are at a fancy restaurant.
Se eu tivesse tempo, eu ___ (estudar) mais.
Translate using 'ser'.
Which sentence expresses a past prediction?
Eles comeriam se tivessem fome? (Note: 'tivessem' is plural)
Score: /12
FAQ (8)
No, use the future tense for facts. The conditional is for 'what if'.
It is the standard way to be polite in Portuguese.
In casual Brazilian Portuguese, yes. 'Gostaria' is more formal.
Only three: dizer, fazer, and trazer.
No, never. Use the imperfect subjunctive.
It's when you talk about a future event from a past perspective.
Stress the 'í'.
It is used more formally and strictly than in Brazil.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Condicional
The accent placement is consistent in Spanish.
Conditionnel
French uses different endings (-ais, -ait).
Konjunktiv II
German uses an auxiliary verb instead of a suffix.
Conditional (-tara / -ba)
Japanese does not have a 'would' tense equivalent.
Conditional particles
Arabic relies on particles rather than conjugation.
Conditional markers
Chinese verbs do not conjugate.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Continue With
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