B1 Verb Forms 8 min read Médio

Forma Verbal IV do Árabe: Fazendo as Coisas Acontecerem (Af'ala)

A Forma IV (أَفْعَلَ) é o padrão causativo usado para mostrar que alguém faz uma ação acontecer, como «أَرْسَلَ» (enviar) ou «أَغْلَقَ» (fechar).
Marcar como aprendido
Pratique

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Form IV (أَفْعَلَ) turns simple actions into causative ones, meaning 'to make someone do something' or 'to cause something to happen'.

  • Prefix the root with a Hamza: 'kataba' (wrote) becomes 'aktaba' (made someone write).
  • The present tense prefix 'yu-' replaces the standard 'ya-': 'yaktubu' becomes 'yuktibu'.
  • The verbal noun (masdar) follows the pattern 'if'al': 'iktab' (making someone write).
Root (K-T-B) + Form IV (أَفْعَلَ) = Causative (أَكْتَبَ - to make write)

Overview

Já se perguntou por que خَرَجَ significa ele saiu, mas أَخْرَجَ significa
ele expulsou alguém
? ...

Form IV Conjugation (Past/Present)

Pronoun Past (Af'ala) Present (Yuf'ilu)
Huwa
أَكْرَمَ
يُكْرِمُ
Hiya
أَكْرَمَتْ
تُكْرِمُ
Anta
أَكْرَمْتَ
تُكْرِمُ
Anti
أَكْرَمْتِ
تُكْرِمِينَ
Ana
أَكْرَمْتُ
أُكْرِمُ
Nahnu
أَكْرَمْنَا
نُكْرِمُ
Hum
أَكْرَمُوا
يُكْرِمُونَ
Antum
أَكْرَمْتُمْ
تُكْرِمُونَ

Meanings

Form IV is primarily used to express a causative meaning, where the subject causes the object to perform an action or enter a state.

1

Causative

Causing an action to occur.

“أَخْرَجَ المُدِيرُ المُلَفَّات (The manager brought out the files).”

“أَنْزَلَ الرَّجُلُ الحَقِيبَة (The man lowered the bag).”

2

Transitive Extension

Making an intransitive verb transitive.

“دَخَلَ (He entered) -> أَدْخَلَ (He inserted/let in).”

“جَلَسَ (He sat) -> أَجْلَسَ (He seated someone).”

3

Declarative/Attributive

Finding someone or something to be in a certain state.

“أَكْرَمْتُ الضَّيْف (I found the guest honorable/I honored the guest).”

“أَبْخَلْتُ الرَّجُل (I found the man stingy).”

Reference Table

Reference table for Forma Verbal IV do Árabe: Fazendo as Coisas Acontecerem (Af'ala)
Raiz Forma I (Sentido) Forma IV (Causativo) Masdar (Substantivo)
خ-ر-ج
خَرَجَ (Sair)
أَخْرَجَ (Tirar/Extrair)
إِخْرَاج
ج-ل-س
جَلَسَ (Sentar-se)
أَجْلَسَ (Fazer sentar)
إِجْلَاس
ر-س-ل
---
أَرْسَلَ (Enviar)
إِرْسَال
ع-ل-م
عَلِمَ (Saber)
أَعْلَمَ (Informar)
إِعْلَام
غ-ل-ق
غَلِقَ (Estar trancado)
أَغْلَقَ (Fechar)
إِغْلَاق
ق-و-م
قَامَ (Levantar)
أَقَامَ (Estabelecer/Residir)
إِقَامَة
ف-ط-ر
فَطَرَ (Rachar)
أَفْطَرَ (Quebrar o jejum)
إِفْطَار
ن-ه-ي
نَهَى (Proibir)
أَنْهَى (Finalizar)
إِنْهَاء

Espectro de formalidade

Formal
أَعْلَنَ الوَزِيرُ الخَبَر.

أَعْلَنَ الوَزِيرُ الخَبَر. (News reporting)

Neutro
أَعْلَنَ الرَّجُلُ الخَبَر.

أَعْلَنَ الرَّجُلُ الخَبَر. (News reporting)

Informal
قَالُوا الخَبَر.

قَالُوا الخَبَر. (News reporting)

Gíria
نَزَّلُوا الخَبَر.

نَزَّلُوا الخَبَر. (News reporting)

O Poder do Hamza

Mudança Causativa

Intransitivo (Forma I)

  • خَرَجَ Ele saiu
  • جَلَسَ Ele sentou

Causativo (Forma IV)

  • أَخْرَجَ Ele tirou
  • أَجْلَسَ Ele fez sentar

Comparando Padrões Causativos

Forma IV (أَفْعَلَ)
أَعْلَمَ Informar (uma vez)
أَرْسَلَ Enviar
Forma II (فَعَّلَ)
عَلَّمَ Ensinar (gradual)
نَزَّلَ Revelar aos poucos

Como Construir a Forma IV

1

É o tempo Passado?

YES
Adicione أَ na frente (أَفْعَلَ)
NO
Verifique o Presente
2

É o tempo Presente?

YES
Use o prefixo يُـ com Damma (يُفْعِلُ)
NO ↓

Verbos Comuns da Forma IV

🚗

Movimento

  • • أَخْرَجَ (Tirar)
  • • أَحْضَرَ (Trazer)
  • • أَوْقَفَ (Parar)
📱

Comunicação

  • • أَرْسَلَ (Enviar)
  • • أَعْلَمَ (Informar)
  • • أَعْلَنَ (Anunciar)
✅

Finalização

  • • أَغْلَقَ (Fechar)
  • • أَنْهَى (Terminar)
  • • أَتَمَّ (Completar)
Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

Exemplos por nível

1

أَكْتَبَ الوَلَد

He made the boy write.

2

أَجْلَسَ الضَّيْف

He seated the guest.

3

أَخْرَجَ القَلَم

He took out the pen.

4

أَنْزَلَ الكِتَاب

He put down the book.

1

يُكْرِمُ الرَّجُلُ ضَيْفَهُ

The man honors his guest.

2

أَرْسَلَ الرِّسَالَة

He sent the message.

3

يُدِيرُ الشَّرِكَة

He manages the company.

4

أَعْلَنَ الخَبَر

He announced the news.

1

أَدْخَلَ المُفْتَاحَ فِي القُفْل

He inserted the key into the lock.

2

يُحْسِنُ الطَّالِبُ القِرَاءَة

The student improves his reading.

3

أَضَاءَ الغُرْفَة

He lit up the room.

4

يُسْلِمُ نَفْسَهُ لِلَّه

He submits himself to God.

1

أَجْبَرَهُ عَلَى الرَّحِيل

He forced him to leave.

2

يُعْلِنُ الوَزِيرُ عَنِ القَرَار

The minister announces the decision.

3

أَنْقَذَ حَيَاتَهُ

He saved his life.

4

يُشْعِرُهُ بِالأَمَان

He makes him feel safe.

1

أَبْدَعَ الفَنَّانُ فِي رَسْمِهِ

The artist excelled in his painting.

2

يُقِيمُ العَدْلَ فِي البِلَاد

He establishes justice in the country.

3

أَثْبَتَ نَظَرِيَّتَهُ

He proved his theory.

4

يُعِيدُ النَّظَرَ فِي القَضِيَّة

He reconsiders the case.

1

أَجْهَضَ المُؤَامَرَة

He aborted the conspiracy.

2

يُسْتَهْوِي القَارِئَ بِأُسْلُوبِهِ

He captivates the reader with his style.

3

أَفْضَى بِسِرِّهِ إِلَيْهِ

He confided his secret to him.

4

يُعْقِبُ عَلَى كَلَامِهِ

He comments on his speech.

Fácil de confundir

Arabic Verb Form IV: Making Things Happen (Af'ala) vs Form IV vs Form II

Both are causative.

Arabic Verb Form IV: Making Things Happen (Af'ala) vs Form I vs Form IV

Prefix confusion.

Arabic Verb Form IV: Making Things Happen (Af'ala) vs Present Tense Prefixes

Ya vs Yu.

Erros comuns

✗

yaktaba

✓

yuktibu

Using the wrong vowel prefix.
✗

kataba (causative)

✓

aktaba

Forgetting the Hamza.
✗

yaktib

✓

yuktib

Incorrect vowel in the middle.
✗

aktab

✓

aktaba

Missing the final vowel.
✗

ya'krama

✓

yukrimu

Using Form I prefix for Form IV.
✗

akrama (present)

✓

yukrimu

Using past for present.
✗

yuf'ala

✓

yuf'ilu

Incorrect vowel pattern.
✗

yuslimu (as Form I)

✓

yuslimu (as Form IV)

Confusing root meaning.
✗

akrama (as Form II)

✓

kassara

Confusing Form IV with Form II.
✗

yuktibun

✓

yuktibuna

Incorrect plural ending.
✗

yustahwa

✓

yustahwi

Weak verb conjugation error.
✗

afda

✓

afda

Hamza placement.
✗

yuf'il

✓

yuf'ilu

Mood error.

Padrões de frases

أَ___َ الرَّجُلُ ___

يُ___ُ المُدِيرُ ___

لَمْ يُ___ِ الرَّجُلُ ___

أَ___ْتُ ___

Real World Usage

News constant

أَعْلَنَ الوَزِيرُ عَنِ القَرَار

Business very common

يُدِيرُ المَوْظَفُ الشَّرِكَة

Texting occasional

أَرْسَلْتُ لَكَ الرِّسَالَة

Travel common

أَنْزَلَ السَّائِقُ الحَقِيبَة

Food Delivery common

أَوْصَلَ الطَّلَب

Social Media common

أَخْرَجَ الصُّورَة

Cadastre-se grátis para ver todos os exemplos
🎯

Ouça o som de 'U'

Se você ouvir um verbo no presente começando com som de 'U', quase certeza que é Forma IV: «يُرْسِلُ».
⚠️

O Alif que desaparece

O Alif inicial some no presente. Não tente dizer 'Yu-af-il', o natural é dizer direto: «يُفْعِلُ».
💬

Iftar e a Forma IV

A palavra «إِفْطَار» (Iftar) é o substantivo do verbo «أَفْطَرَ», que significa literalmente 'fazer-se quebrar o jejum'.

Smart Tips

Check if it's Form IV.

kataba → aktaba

Use 'yu-' for Form IV.

yaktibu → yuktibu

Use Form IV.

jalasa → ajlasa

Look for Form IV verbs.

qala → a'lana

Pronúncia

Ah-k-ra-ma

Hamza

The initial Hamza (أ) is a glottal stop. Pronounce it clearly.

Yu-k-ri-mu

Vowel length

The 'u' in 'yuf'ilu' is short.

Declarative

أَعْلَنَ الرَّجُلُ الخَبَر ↘

Falling intonation for statements.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Form IV is the 'A-F-A' (A-f'ala) form. Think of it as 'A' for 'Action' added to the start.

Associação visual

Imagine a director on a movie set. He is the 'A' (Af'ala) who makes the actors (the root) perform the action.

Rhyme

Form Four starts with an A, makes the action come to play.

Story

Ahmed (A) wanted his friend to write. He used Form IV to say 'A-ktaba' (He made him write). The friend wrote, and Ahmed was happy.

Word Web

أَكْرَمَأَرْسَلَأَدَارَأَعْلَنَأَنْزَلَأَخْرَجَ

Desafio

Write 3 sentences using Form IV verbs to describe things you made happen today.

Notas culturais

Form IV is often replaced by Form II in speech.

Form IV is used in formal writing but less in daily slang.

Form IV is very common in formal media and news.

Form IV is a Proto-Semitic causative construction.

Iniciadores de conversa

“

مَاذَا أَعْلَنَ المُدِيرُ؟

“

هَلْ أَجْلَسْتَ الضَّيْف؟

“

مَنْ أَرْسَلَ هَذِهِ الرِّسَالَة؟

“

كَيْفَ تُدِيرُ وَقْتَكَ؟

Temas para diário

Write about a time you made someone feel happy.
Describe how you manage your daily tasks.
Write a short news report about an event.
Explain how you improve your Arabic.

Erros comuns

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Preencha a lacuna com o presente correto da Forma IV para (r-s-l).

أَنَا ___ الرِّسَالَةَ الآنَ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أُرْسِلُ
O presente da Forma IV para 'Eu' começa com 'U' (Damma). «أُرْسِلُ» significa 'Eu envio'.
Qual frase significa 'Eu terminei o projeto'?

Escolha a frase causativa correta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أَنْهَيْتُ المَشْرُوعَ.
«أَنْهَيْتُ» é o passado da Forma IV para 'Eu terminei'. A Forma I significaria 'Eu proibi'.
Encontre o erro no prefixo do presente.

هُوَ يَغْلِقُ البَابَ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: هُوَ يُغْلِقُ البَابَ.
O presente da Forma IV deve começar com Damma: «يُغْلِقُ» (Ele fecha).

Score: /3

Exercicios praticos

8 exercises
Fill in the correct present tense.

هُوَ ___ (أكرم) ضَيْفَهُ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: يُكْرِمُ
Form IV present uses 'yu-'.
Which is the correct past tense? Múltipla escolha

أَيُّهَا الصَّحِيح؟

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أَكْرَمَ
Af'ala pattern.
Correct the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

يَكْرِمُ الرَّجُلُ ضَيْفَهُ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: يُكْرِمُ
Form IV present prefix is 'yu'.
Change to causative. Sentence Transformation

جَلَسَ الرَّجُلُ -> ___ الرَّجُلُ الضَّيْف.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أَجْلَسَ
Form IV causative.
Match the verb to its meaning. Match Pairs

أَرْسَلَ - أَعْلَنَ - أَخْرَجَ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Sent - Announced - Took out
Correct definitions.
Conjugate for 'Ana'. Conjugation Drill

أَكْرَمَ -> ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أَكْرَمْتُ
Ana suffix is -tu.
Is this true? True False Rule

Form IV is always causative.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
It is the primary function.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

أَعْلَنَ / الوَزِيرُ / الخَبَر

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أَعْلَنَ الوَزِيرُ الخَبَر
VSO order.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Dê o Masdar de 'أَرْسَلَ'. Preencher as lacunas

تَمَّ ___ الطَّلَبِ بِنَجَاحٍ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: إِرْسَال
Identifique o verbo da Forma IV. Múltipla escolha

Qual destes é um verbo da Forma IV?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أَعْلَمَ
Corrija o passado para 'fazer alguém sentar'. Error Correction

جَلَسْتُ الضَّيْفَ فِي الصَّالُونِ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أَجْلَسْتُ الضَّيْفَ فِي الصَّالُونِ.
Coloque as palavras na ordem correta. Sentence Reorder

التَّطْبِيقَ / يُرِيدُ / أَنْ / هُوَ / يُغْلِقَ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: هُوَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُغْلِقَ التَّطْبِيقَ
Traduza para o árabe. Tradução

Eu enviei o arquivo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أَرْسَلْتُ المَلَفَّ.
Combine o verbo da Forma I com sua Forma IV. Match Pairs

Combine os verbos:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: خَرَجَ - أَخْرَجَ
Escolha o imperativo correto para 'Traga!'. Preencher as lacunas

___ الكِتَابَ مَعَكَ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أَحْضِرْ
Qual destes é o Particípio Ativo (O Remetente)? Múltipla escolha

A pessoa que envia é um:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: مُرْسِل
Corrija a vogal no prefixo do presente. Error Correction

يَخْرِجُ الرَّجُلُ القُمَامَةَ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: يُخْرِجُ الرَّجُلُ القُمَامَةَ.
Traduza 'Estabelecer o projeto'. Tradução

___ المَشْرُوعِ أَمْرٌ صَعْبٌ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: إِقَامَة

Score: /10

Perguntas frequentes (8)

It is the causative form, meaning it makes an action happen.

Look for the Hamza (أ) at the start of the past tense.

Yes, it is very common in formal writing and news.

It is less common; people often use Form II or other verbs.

It is 'yu-' (يُـ).

No, check your dictionary.

Form IV is direct causation; Form II is intensive.

Using the wrong present tense prefix.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

Cadastre-se grátis para praticar

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Causative 'hacer'

Arabic is synthetic; Spanish is analytic.

French moderate

Causative 'faire'

Arabic is synthetic; French is analytic.

German partial

Causative verbs

Arabic applies this to almost any root.

Japanese moderate

Causative suffix -seru

Arabic is prefix-based; Japanese is suffix-based.

Arabic high

Form IV

N/A

Chinese low

使 (shǐ)

Arabic is synthetic; Chinese is analytic.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Forma VI: Verbos de "Fazer Junto" e "Fingir" (t-ā)
Next
Verbos Ocos: A letra do meio que desaparece (Qāla, Rāḥa)

Vídeos relacionados

وثائقي رحلة المسلمين العشرة الى قلب الارض وحافتها .. وثائقيات احداث وحقائق 16:44

وثائقي رحلة المسلمين العشرة الى قلب الارض وحافتها .. وثائقيات احداث وحقائق
"لو مديت ايدك عليا مش هتطلع من هنا حي" دياب يهدد الظابط لما جيه يقبض عليه يوم فرحه! 11:00

"لو مديت ايدك عليا مش هتطلع من هنا حي" دياب يهدد الظابط لما جيه يقبض عليه يوم فرحه!
HACCP شرح مبسط وملخص لنظام 02:06

HACCP شرح مبسط وملخص لنظام
Verbos em Árabe - Forma 4 (Af'ala) YouTube

Verbos em Árabe - Forma 4 (Af'ala)

Árabe com Cris
Aulas de Árabe - Padrões Verbais YouTube

Aulas de Árabe - Padrões Verbais

Aprenda Árabe

Related Grammar Rules

A2

Verbos ocos em árabe: A letra central que desaparece (قال)

Overview Você já tentou mandar uma mensagem para um amigo em árabe dizendo "eu dormi" e percebeu que metade do seu verbo...
A2

Passado Árabe (2ª pessoa): 'Você fez' (-ta, -ti)

### Overview No português, quando queremos dizer "você escreveu", usamos o pronome "você" seguido do verbo conjugado. É...
A2

Verbos Plurais em Árabe: Vocês e Eles (ـون / ـن)

### Overview No árabe, os verbos não são palavras estáticas; eles são dinâmicos e mudam de forma para concordar com o s...
A2

Eu escrevo vs. Nós escrevemos (Presente 1ª Pessoa)

Visão Geral Já notou que em inglês ou português dizer "Eu estou indo" leva várias palavras, mas em árabe você pode fazer...
A2

Eu e Nós no Passado: O Pretérito Árabe (Al-Māḍī)

### Overview Fala, pessoal! Vamos mergulhar no `al-fiʿl al-māḍī` (o verbo no passado). Em português, quando queremos di...
Was this helpful?

Comentários (0)

Faça Login para Comentar
Nenhum comentário ainda. Seja o primeiro a compartilhar suas ideias!