Pronomes relativos em árabe: o qual, a qual (alladhi, allati)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Relative pronouns like 'alladhi' connect a noun to a description, acting as the bridge between a person or thing and their action.
- Use 'alladhi' (الذي) for masculine singular nouns: 'The man who eats' (الرجل الذي يأكل).
- Use 'allati' (التي) for feminine singular nouns: 'The woman who eats' (المرأة التي تأكل).
- The relative pronoun must match the gender of the noun it describes.
Overview
الذي (alladhi) para o masculino e التي (allati) para o feminino. Pense neles como a cola que mantém suas descrições unidas.How This Grammar Works
O aluno que estuda, a parte
que estuda é a oração relativa. Em árabe, isso seria الطالب الذي يدرس.
Formation Pattern
الـ.
When To Use It
A pessoa que sempre me apoia.
Common Mistakes
الذي ou التي com substantivos indefinidos. Lembre-se: se não houver الـ (o/a), não há الذي. Errado: كتاب الذي قرأته. Certo: الكتاب الذي قرأته.Contrast With Similar Patterns
من (man) pode significar quem, mas é geralmente usado de forma genérica. ما (ma) também significa o que, mas é usado para coisas não humanas.Quick FAQ
Devo usá-los para cada descrição? R: Apenas se o substantivo for definido. Q: Existem formas para o dual? R: Sim, اللذان e اللتان. Q: Posso usar الذي para um grupo de coisas? R: Para plurais não humanos, usamos o feminino singular التي.
Relative Pronoun Gender/Number Table
| Gender | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Masculine
|
الذي (alladhi)
|
اللذان (alladhani)
|
الذين (alladhina)
|
|
Feminine
|
التي (allati)
|
اللتان (allatani)
|
اللاتي/اللائي (allati/alla'i)
|
Meanings
These pronouns function as connectors that introduce a relative clause, providing more information about a preceding noun.
Person/Object Identifier
Used to specify a person or object by describing their action or state.
“الرجل الذي يتكلم (The man who is speaking)”
“السيارة التي اشتريتها (The car which I bought)”
Reference Table
| Pronome | Uso | Concordância | Exemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
|
`الذي`
|
O que / quem
|
Masculino Singular
|
`الولد الذي يلعب`
|
|
`التي`
|
A que / quem
|
Feminino Singular
|
`البنت التي تدرس`
|
|
`الذين`
|
Os que / quem
|
Masculino Plural (Humano)
|
`الطلاب الذين نجحوا`
|
|
`التي`
|
As que / quem
|
Plural Não-Humano
|
`الكتب التي قرأتها`
|
|
`اللاتي`
|
As que / quem
|
Feminino Plural (Humano)
|
`النساء اللاتي يعملن`
|
|
`اللذان`
|
Os dois que / quem
|
Masculino Dual
|
`الرجلان اللذان هنا`
|
Espectro de formalidade
الرجل الذي يتحدث هو معلمي. (Describing someone.)
الرجل الذي يتكلم هو مدرسي. (Describing someone.)
الزلمة اللي بيحكي هو أستاذي. (Describing someone.)
اللي بيحكي هو أستاذي. (Describing someone.)
Pronomes Relativos Árabes (Singular)
Masculino
- الذي alladhi (who/which)
Feminino
- التي allati (who/which)
Regras de Definido vs. Indefinido
Como escolher o pronome?
O substantivo é definido (tem 'Al-')?
O substantivo é masculino?
Categorias de Gênero e Número
Singular
- • الذي (M)
- • التي (F)
Plural (Humano)
- • الذين (M)
- • اللاتي (F)
Plural Não-Humano
- • Sempre التي
Exemplos por nível
الرجل الذي يقرأ
The man who reads
البنت التي تكتب
The girl who writes
الكتاب الذي اشتريته
The book which I bought
السيارة التي أريدها
The car which I want
الطلاب الذين يدرسون
The students who study
المدن التي زرتها
The cities which I visited
المعلم الذي ساعدني
The teacher who helped me
القصة التي قرأتها
The story which I read
الرجال الذين يعملون في الشركة
The men who work at the company
النساء اللاتي يكتبن
The women who are writing
المكان الذي ولدت فيه
The place where I was born
الأفكار التي ناقشناها
The ideas which we discussed
المهندسون الذين صمموا المبنى
The engineers who designed the building
النتائج التي توصلنا إليها
The results which we reached
القرار الذي اتخذته الإدارة
The decision which the management made
الظروف التي أدت إلى ذلك
The circumstances which led to that
العلماء الذين أثبتوا النظرية
The scientists who proved the theory
المبادئ التي يقوم عليها النظام
The principles upon which the system is based
الكاتب الذي أثر في جيله
The writer who influenced his generation
المشكلات التي تعاني منها البلاد
The problems from which the country suffers
الأسس التي استند إليها الباحث
The foundations upon which the researcher relied
القيم التي يتبناها المجتمع
The values which the society adopts
الرؤية التي صاغها القائد
The vision which the leader formulated
الآثار التي خلفتها الحرب
The effects which the war left behind
Fácil de confundir
Learners often use them to connect clauses instead of relative pronouns.
Learners confuse 'who' (man) with 'the one who' (alladhi).
Learners sometimes use personal pronouns as connectors.
Erros comuns
الرجل التي يقرأ
الرجل الذي يقرأ
البنت الذي تكتب
البنت التي تكتب
الرجل يقرأ
الرجل الذي يقرأ
الذي الرجل يقرأ
الرجل الذي يقرأ
الطلاب التي يدرسون
الطلاب الذين يدرسون
السيارات الذي اشتريتها
السيارات التي اشتريتها
البيت الذي هي تسكن فيه
البيت الذي تسكن فيه
الرجلان التي يكتبان
الرجلان اللذان يكتبان
النساء الذين يكتبن
النساء اللاتي يكتبن
الذي الكتاب قرأته
الكتاب الذي قرأته
الذي هو يكتب
الذي يكتب
التي هي تعمل
التي تعمل
الذين هم يدرسون
الذين يدرسون
اللاتي هن يكتبن
اللاتي يكتبن
Padrões de frases
الرجل ___ يقرأ هو أخي.
البنت ___ تكتب هي صديقتي.
الطلاب ___ يدرسون هم أذكياء.
السيارات ___ اشتريتها جميلة.
Real World Usage
الصورة التي نشرتها جميلة جداً.
الخبر اللي سمعته صحيح؟
المشروع الذي أدرته كان ناجحاً.
الفندق الذي حجزته قريب من المطار.
الطلب الذي اخترته وصل.
النتائج التي حصلنا عليها دقيقة.
A chave 'Al-'
Plurais Não-Humanos
O Pronome 'Retornante'
Smart Tips
Check for the 'ta marbuta' (ة) at the end of the noun.
Remember the 'feminine singular' rule for non-human plurals.
Always use the full 'alladhi' or 'allati' forms.
It is okay to use 'illi' in casual conversation.
Pronúncia
Vowel Length
The 'i' sound in 'alladhi' and 'allati' is long.
Shadda
The 'l' sound has a shadda, so hold it slightly longer.
Statement
الرجل الذي يقرأ ↘
Falling intonation at the end of a sentence.
Question
هل الرجل الذي يقرأ هنا؟ ↗
Rising intonation for questions.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Alladhi is for the guy, Allati is for the lady.
Associação visual
Imagine a bridge (the pronoun) connecting a person (the noun) to their house (the action). The bridge is labeled 'Alladhi' for men and 'Allati' for women.
Rhyme
For the boy, use Alladhi, for the girl, Allati.
Story
Ahmed (masculine) is the boy who (alladhi) runs. Sara (feminine) is the girl who (allati) jumps. They are both running toward the park.
Word Web
Desafio
Write 5 sentences today describing people or things around you using 'alladhi' or 'allati'.
Notas culturais
In Levantine Arabic, 'alladhi' and 'allati' are often replaced by 'illi' (اللي) for all genders and numbers.
Similar to Levantine, 'illi' is the standard connector in spoken Egyptian Arabic.
In formal writing and news, the full forms 'alladhi', 'allati', etc., are strictly required.
Relative pronouns in Arabic evolved from demonstrative particles used to point to a specific entity that is then described.
Iniciadores de conversa
من هو الشخص الذي تحبه؟
ما هو الكتاب الذي تقرأه الآن؟
هل تعرف الطالب الذي يدرس العربية؟
ما هي المدينة التي ولدت فيها؟
Temas para diário
Erros comuns
Test Yourself
الكتاب ___ قرأته مفيد جداً.
Selecione o uso correto do pronome relativo:
Find and fix the mistake:
الرجل التي يسكن هنا أستاذي.
Score: /3
Exercicios praticos
8 exercisesالرجل ___ يقرأ هو أخي.
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
الطلاب التي يدرسون.
الذي / يقرأ / الرجل / هو
The car which I bought.
Match: الرجل, البنت, الطلاب
الرجل الذي يقرأ -> ?
A: من هو المعلم؟ B: هو المعلم ___ يدرس العربية.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesالسيارة ___ اشتريتها سريعة.
الذي - الولد - هذا - نجح - هو
The girl who is playing.
الكتب ___ قرأتها جميلة.
Match these pairs:
صديق الذي أحبه.
المتابعون ___ يعلقون.
Qual frase tem o 'pronome retornante' (ele)?
The app that I use.
التي - أحبها - المدينة - هذه
Score: /10
Perguntas frequentes (8)
'Illi' is the common spoken form used in almost all dialects. 'Alladhi' is the formal standard form.
No, the relative pronoun remains the same regardless of the tense of the verb in the clause.
No, you must use the plural form 'alladhina' for masculine groups.
Non-human plurals are treated as feminine singular, so use 'allati'.
In some very specific contexts, but generally, it is required for clarity.
At the A1-A2 level, no. In advanced grammar, some forms change, but 'alladhi' and 'allati' are generally stable.
Usually, nouns ending in 'ta marbuta' (ة) are feminine. Most others are masculine.
Yes, you can use 'alladhi' or 'allati' depending on the gender of the place name.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
que / quien
Arabic relative pronouns must agree in gender and number.
qui / que
Arabic pronouns are gendered; French relative pronouns are not.
der / die / das
German pronouns change based on case; Arabic pronouns at A1 level do not.
no / clause + noun
Arabic uses a connector; Japanese uses word order.
de (的)
Arabic is highly inflected for gender and number.
who / which / that
English pronouns are not gendered.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Continue With
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