B1 Noun Gender 9 min read 困难

阿拉伯语数字11-19：掌握阴阳性变换

记住 13-19 的“反转”秘籍：个位唱反调，十位“神同步”，名词永远用 «单数宾格»。
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

For numbers 13-19, the first part of the number flips gender against the noun, while 'ten' matches it.

  • Number 11: Both parts match the noun gender (e.g., أحدَ عشرَ كوكباً).
  • Number 12: Both parts match the noun gender (e.g., اثنتا عشرةَ سنةً).
  • Numbers 13-19: The first part is opposite gender, the second part matches (e.g., ثلاثَ عشرةَ بنتًا).
11-12: [Noun Gender] = [Part 1] + [Part 2] | 13-19: [Noun Gender] ≠ [Part 1] + [Part 2]

Overview

Arabic numbers between 11 and 19 present a nuanced aspect of the language's grammatical system, particularly concerning gender agreement. These are known as الأعداد المركبة (al-aʿdād al-murakkabah), or compound numbers, as they combine a unit digit (أحد/إحدى for 1, اثنا/اثنتا for 2, and ثلاثة through تسعة for 3-9) with the number عشرة (ʿashara, ten). Mastering this range is crucial for achieving B1 proficiency, as it underpins accurate quantitative expression in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA).
Unlike English, where the number form remains static regardless of the noun it modifies, Arabic compound numbers exhibit intricate gender shifts and structural constancy. The primary challenge lies in the gender agreement between the two parts of the number (unit and ten) and the noun being counted, referred to as the تمييز (tamyīz) or specifier. This تمييز must always be singular, indefinite, and in the accusative case (منصوب, manṣūb).
A notable feature of numbers 11-19 (excluding the اثنا/اثنتا component of 12) is their indeclinability (مبني على فتح الجزأين, mabnī ʿalā fatḥ al-juzʾayn), meaning both parts of the number typically end in فتح (fatḥa) regardless of their grammatical function in a sentence. This characteristic simplifies case marking for the numbers themselves, shifting the grammatical complexity to their internal agreement and the subsequent تمييز.
For example, when counting masculine items, you might say أحد عشر كتابًا (aḥada ʿashara kitāban – eleven books), but for feminine items, إحدى عشرة مجلةً (iḥdā ʿashrata majallatan – eleven magazines). Notice the consistent fatḥa on the number components and the fatḥatayn (tanwīn fatḥ) on the singular counted noun كتابًا and مجلةً. This intricate system reflects a deep structural logic in Arabic numeration, which, once understood, reveals a coherent pattern rather than arbitrary rules.

How This Grammar Works

Understanding Arabic compound numbers 11-19 necessitates differentiating between two distinct patterns: the concordant agreement of 11 and 12, and the contrarian agreement of 13-19. This fundamental division dictates the gender interaction between the number's components and the counted noun.
1. Numbers 11 and 12: Perfect Concordance
For the numbers 11 (أحد عشر / إحدى عشرة) and 12 (اثنا عشر / اثنتا عشرة), both components of the compound number (the unit part and the 'ten' part) agree in gender with the noun being counted. This creates a harmonious, direct agreement.
  • For Masculine Nouns:
  • 11: أحد عشر (aḥada ʿashara) – Both أحد and عشر are masculine. For instance, رأيتُ أحد عشر رجلاً (raʾaytu aḥada ʿashara rajulan – I saw eleven men). Here, أحد (one) is masculine, عشر (ten) is masculine, and رجلاً (man) is masculine.
  • 12: اثنا عشر (ithnā ʿashara) in the nominative case, or اثني عشر (ithnay ʿashara) in the accusative/genitive. Both اثنا/اثني and عشر are masculine. For example, حضر اثنا عشر طالبًا (ḥaḍara ithnā ʿashara ṭāliban – Twelve students attended). If in accusative, قرأتُ اثني عشر كتابًا (qaraʾtu ithnay ʿashara kitāban – I read twelve books).
  • For Feminine Nouns:
  • 11: إحدى عشرة (iḥdā ʿashrata) – Both إحدى and عشرة are feminine. For instance, قضيتُ إحدى عشرة ليلةً (qaḍaytu iḥdā ʿashrata laylatan – I spent eleven nights). إحدى (one) is feminine, عشرة (ten) is feminine, and ليلةً (night) is feminine.
  • 12: اثنتا عشرة (ithnatā ʿashrata) in the nominative, or اثنتي عشرة (ithnatay ʿashrata) in the accusative/genitive. Both اثنتا/اثنتي and عشرة are feminine. For example, اشترت اثنتا عشرة وردةً (ishtarat ithnatā ʿashrata wardatan – Twelve roses were bought). In accusative, شاهدتُ اثنتي عشرة نجمةً (shāhadtu ithnatay ʿashrata najmatan – I saw twelve stars).
2. Numbers 13-19: Contrarian Agreement
For the numbers 13 through 19, a different pattern emerges, often referred to as the gender flip or contrarian rule. Here, the first part of the number (the unit digit, ثلاثة through تسعة) takes the opposite gender of the noun being counted. Conversely, the second part (the 'ten' component, عشرة / عشر) agrees in gender with the noun.
  • For Masculine Nouns:
  • The unit part (3-9) is feminine, and the 'ten' part is masculine. For example, ثلاثة عشر رجلاً (thalāthata ʿashara rajulan – thirteen men). Here, ثلاثة (three) is feminine (with تَاء مربوطة, tāʾ marbūṭa), عشر (ten) is masculine, and رجلاً (man) is masculine.
  • Another example: قرأتُ خمسة عشر كتابًا (qaraʾtu khamsata ʿashara kitāban – I read fifteen books). خمسة (five) is feminine, عشر (ten) is masculine, كتابًا (book) is masculine.
  • For Feminine Nouns:
  • The unit part (3-9) is masculine, and the 'ten' part is feminine. For example, ثلاث عشرة امرأةً (thalāth ʿashrata imraʾatan – thirteen women). Here, ثلاث (three) is masculine (without tāʾ marbūṭa), عشرة (ten) is feminine, and امرأةً (woman) is feminine.
  • Another example: اشتريتُ أربع عشرة مجلةً (ishtaraytu arbaʿ ʿashrata majallatan – I bought fourteen magazines). أربع (four) is masculine, عشرة (ten) is feminine, مجلةً (magazine) is feminine.
3. The Counted Noun (التمييز, al-tamyīz)
Crucially, for all numbers from 11 to 99, the noun being counted (the تمييز) must always be:
  • Singular: Never plural. أحد عشر كتابًا, not أحد عشر كتبًا.
  • Indefinite: It does not take the definite article ال (al-).
  • Accusative Case (منصوب): Marked with a fatḥatayn (tanwīn fatḥ) ending (e.g., كتابًا, مجلةً). This grammatical function is known as تمييز العدد (tamyīz al-ʿadad – specifier of number).
This consistent treatment of the تمييز simplifies one aspect of counting, as you only need to recall the singular, accusative form of the noun. The complexity thus remains concentrated on the internal gender agreement within the compound number itself.

Formation Pattern

1
Forming Arabic compound numbers 11-19 systematically involves identifying the gender of the noun, applying specific gender agreement rules for the number components, and then ensuring the تمييز is correctly structured. The consistency of the fatḥa ending on both parts of the number (except for 12's اثنا/اثني and اثنتا/اثنتي) simplifies their vocalization irrespective of their grammatical role (e.g., subject, object).
2
Step 1: Determine the Gender of the Counted Noun
3
Begin by identifying the gender of the singular form of the noun you wish to count. This is the foundational step that dictates the gender of the number components.
4
Masculine Nouns: قلم (qalam – pen), يوم (yawm – day), طبيب (ṭabīb – doctor).
5
Feminine Nouns: سيارة (sayyārah – car), ساعة (sāʿah – hour), غرفة (ghurfah – room). Remember that nouns ending in ة (tāʾ marbūṭa) are almost always feminine.
6
Step 2: Constructing Numbers 11 and 12
7
For these two numbers, both parts of the compound number agree with the gender of the noun. Number 12 is unique in that its unit part (اثنا/اثنتا) is declinable.
8
Number 11:
9
| Gender of Noun | Unit Part | 'Ten' Part | Full Number | Example (with تمييز singular accusative) |
10
|:---------------|:----------|:-----------|:------------|:-------------------------------------------|
11
| Masculine | أحد (aḥad) | عشر (ʿashar) | أحد عشر (aḥada ʿashara) | رأيتُ أحد عشرَ طالبًا (I saw eleven students) |
12
| Feminine | إحدى (iḥdā) | عشرة (ʿashrata) | إحدى عشرة (iḥdā ʿashrata) | اشتريتُ إحدى عشرةَ وردةً (I bought eleven roses) |
13
Number 12:
14
Number 12's unit part (اثنا/اثني for masculine, اثنتا/اثنتي for feminine) behaves like a dual noun, declining based on its grammatical case (nominative, accusative, or genitive). The 'ten' part, عشر/عشرة, remains fixed with a fatḥa.
15
| Case | Gender of Noun | Unit Part | 'Ten' Part | Full Number | Example (with تمييز) |
16
|:------------|:---------------|:----------|:-----------|:------------|:-----------------------------------------------------|
17
| Nominative | Masculine | اثنا (ithnā) | عشر (ʿashar) | اثنا عشر (ithnā ʿashara) | حضر اثنا عشرَ مدرسًا (Twelve male teachers attended) |
18
| Accusative/Genitive | Masculine | اثني (ithnay) | عشر (ʿashar) | اثني عشر (ithnay ʿashara) | قرأتُ اثني عشرَ كتابًا (I read twelve books) |
19
| Nominative | Feminine | اثنتا (ithnatā) | عشرة (ʿashrata) | اثنتا عشرة (ithnatā ʿashrata) | حضرت اثنتا عشرةَ معلمةً (Twelve female teachers attended) |
20
| Accusative/Genitive | Feminine | اثنتي (ithnatay) | عشرة (ʿashrata) | اثنتي عشرة (ithnatay ʿashrata) | شاهدتُ اثنتي عشرةَ نجمةً (I saw twelve stars) |
21
Step 3: Constructing Numbers 13 through 19
22
For this range, the first part (the unit digit 3-9) takes the opposite gender of the noun, while the second part (عشر/عشرة) agrees in gender with the noun. Both parts typically end in fatḥa as they are indeclinable.
23
Unit Part (3-9): Gender Opposition
24
| Unit Digit | Masculine Noun Requires | Feminine Noun Requires |
25
|:----------:|:-----------------------|:-----------------------|
26
| 3 | ثلاثة (thalāthata) (Feminine form) | ثلاث (thalāth) (Masculine form) |
27
| 4 | أربعة (arbaʿata) (Feminine form) | أربع (arbaʿ) (Masculine form) |
28
| 5 | خمسة (khamsata) (Feminine form) | خمس (khams) (Masculine form) |
29
| 6 | ستة (sittata) (Feminine form) | ست (sitt) (Masculine form) |
30
| 7 | سبعة (sabʿata) (Feminine form) | سبع (sabʿ) (Masculine form) |
31
| 8 | ثمانية (thamāniyata) (Feminine form) | ثماني (thamāni) / ثمانٍ (thamānin) (Masculine form) |
32
| 9 | تسعة (tisʿata) (Feminine form) | تسع (tisʿ) (Masculine form) |
33
*Note on 8 (ثمانية/ثماني):* The form ثمانٍ is used when it's masculine and the counted noun follows immediately without ال. If definite or with a preposition, it may be الثماني or ثماني.
34
'Ten' Part (عشر/عشرة): Gender Agreement
35
| Gender of Noun | 'Ten' Part |
36
|:---------------|:-----------|
37
| Masculine | عشر (ʿashara) |
38
| Feminine | عشرة (ʿashrata) |
39
Combining for 13-19 Examples:
40
15 Masculine students: خمسة عشرَ طالبًا (khamsata ʿashara ṭāliban). (خمسة is feminine, عشر is masculine, طالبًا is masculine).
41
17 Feminine students: سبع عشرةَ طالبةً (sabʿa ʿashrata ṭālibatan). (سبع is masculine, عشرة is feminine, طالبةً is feminine).
42
19 masculine books: تسعة عشرَ كتابًا (tisʿata ʿashara kitāban). (تسعة is feminine, عشر is masculine, كتابًا is masculine).
43
Step 4: Adding the تمييز (Specifier)
44
Always attach the singular, indefinite, accusative form of the counted noun. This تمييز is the final element in the number phrase, specifying what is being counted. E.g., دقيقةً (daqīqatan – a minute), شهرًا (shahran – a month).
45
This four-step process ensures correct formation, addressing both gender agreement and case marking. The indeclinability of most components (ending in fatḥa) simplifies memorization, as اثنا/اثني and اثنتا/اثنتي are the primary exceptions requiring case consideration.

Gender & Agreement

The phenomenon of gender agreement in Arabic numbers 11-19 is one of the most distinctive features of its numerical system, reflecting deep-seated linguistic principles. The seemingly complex rules for numbers 11-12 versus 13-19 are not arbitrary but stem from the historical evolution and inherent structure of number-noun relationships in Arabic and other Semitic languages.
The Linguistic Logic of Agreement:
At its core, Arabic grammar treats numbers and nouns as elements that must harmonize. However, this harmony is achieved through different mechanisms depending on the numerical value:
  • Numbers 1 and 2 (as standalone adjectives): Always agree in gender with the noun. كتاب واحد (kitāb wāḥid – one book, masc-masc), سيارة واحدة (sayyārah wāḥidah – one car, fem-fem). In compound form (11, 12), this direct agreement is maintained and extended to both parts of the number.
  • Numbers 3 to 10: Always disagree (gender opposition) with the noun. ثلاثة كتب (thalāthata kutub – three books, fem-masc plural), ثلاث سيارات (thalāth sayyārāt – three cars, masc-fem plural). The تَاء مربوطة (tāʾ marbūṭa, ة) is added to the masculine form of the number to make it feminine when counting masculine nouns, and removed from the feminine form to make it masculine when counting feminine nouns. This rule of opposition is critical, as it forms the basis for the unit digit in numbers 13-19.
  • The Number 10 (عشرة): When used alone, عشرة follows the rule of 3-10, meaning it opposes the gender of the noun. E.g., عشرة رجال (ʿashara rijāl – ten men, fem-masc plural), عشر نساء (ʿashr nisāʾ – ten women, masc-fem plural).
The Compound Effect (11-19):
When عشرة combines with the unit digits (1-9) to form compound numbers 11-19, its behavior changes. It transitions from an opposing force (when alone) to a concordant force when part of a compound. This shift is crucial for understanding the logic:
  • Numbers 11 & 12: The unit digits (1 and 2) intrinsically agree with the noun's gender. When combined with the 'ten' part, the 'ten' part *also* agrees. Thus, both components align with the noun's gender. This is seen in أحد عشر رجلاً (aḥada ʿashara rajulan) – masc unit, masc ten, masc noun. And إحدى عشرة امرأةً (iḥdā ʿashrata imraʾatan) – fem unit, fem ten, fem noun. The number acts as a single, fully gender-aligned entity.
  • Numbers 13-19: The unit digits (3-9) intrinsically oppose the noun's gender. When they join عشرة, عشرة retains its concordant role *with the noun*. Therefore, the first part (3-9) *opposes* the noun's gender, while the second part (عشر/عشرة) *agrees* with the noun's gender. This creates the

Gender Agreement for 13-19

Number Masculine Noun (e.g., Book) Feminine Noun (e.g., Pen/Story)
13
ثلاثَ عشرةَ كتابًا
ثلاثةَ عشرَ قصةً
14
أربعَ عشرةَ كتابًا
أربعةَ عشرَ قصةً
15
خمسَ عشرةَ كتابًا
خمسةَ عشرَ قصةً
16
ستَّ عشرةَ كتابًا
ستةَ عشرَ قصةً
17
سبعَ عشرةَ كتابًا
سبعةَ عشرَ قصةً
18
ثماني عشرةَ كتابًا
ثمانيةَ عشرَ قصةً
19
تسعَ عشرةَ كتابًا
تسعةَ عشرَ قصةً

Meanings

This rule governs the gender agreement between compound numerals (11-19) and the nouns they quantify.

1

Counting Objects

Used when specifying a quantity of items between 11 and 19.

“اشتريتُ أحدَ عشرَ كتابًا”

“في الفصلِ أربعَ عشرةَ طاولةً”

Reference Table

Reference table for 阿拉伯语数字11-19：掌握阴阳性变换
数字 修饰阳性名词 (如 كتاباً) 修饰阴性名词 (如 رسالةً) 性别规则
11
أحد عشر (Ahada 'ashara)
إحدى عشرة (Ihda 'ashrata)
完全一致
12
اثنا عشر (Ithna 'ashara)
اثنتا عشرة (Ithnata 'ashrata)
完全一致
13
ثلاثة عشر (Thalathata 'ashara)
ثلاث عشرة (Thalatha 'ashrata)
个位反转 / 十位一致
15
خمسة عشر (Khamsata 'ashara)
خمس عشرة (Khamsa 'ashrata)
个位反转 / 十位一致
19
تسعة عشر (Tis'ata 'ashara)
تسع عشرة (Tis'a 'ashrata)
个位反转 / 十位一致

正式程度

正式
لديَّ ثلاثةَ عشرَ كتابًا.

لديَّ ثلاثةَ عشرَ كتابًا. (Possession)

中性
عندي ثلاثةَ عشرَ كتابًا.

عندي ثلاثةَ عشرَ كتابًا. (Possession)

非正式
معي ثلاثةَ عشرَ كتاب.

معي ثلاثةَ عشرَ كتاب. (Possession)

俚语
عندي تلاتاشر كتاب.

عندي تلاتاشر كتاب. (Possession)

阿拉伯语复合数字 (11-19)

复合数字

完美搭档 (11-12)

  • 性别一致 两部分均匹配名词性别

叛逆兄妹 (13-19)

  • 性别反转 个位相反，十位一致

性别一致性矩阵

修饰阳性名词 (كتاباً)
أحد عشر 11
ثلاثة عشر 13
修饰阴性名词 (سيارةً)
إحدى عشرة 11
ثلاث عشرة 13

如何构建数字

1

数字是11还是12？

YES
两部分都与名词性别一致。
NO
进入反转规则 (13-19)。
2

名词是阳性吗？

YES
个位 = 阴性, 十位 = 阳性
NO ↓

三大组成部分

🔢

第一部分：个位

  • • 1-9
  • • 13-19中性别相反
🔟

第二部分：十位

  • • عشر 或 عشرة
  • • 总是匹配名词性别
📝

第三部分：名词

  • • 单数
  • • 宾格 (-an)
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按水平分级的例句

1

عندي أحدَ عشرَ كتابًا

I have eleven books.

2

في الفصلِ اثنتا عشرةَ طالبةً

There are twelve female students in the class.

3

اشتريتُ ثلاثَ عشرةَ تفاحةً

I bought thirteen apples.

4

رأيتُ أربعَ عشرةَ سيارةً

I saw fourteen cars.

1

سافرتُ قبلَ خمسَ عشرةَ سنةً

I traveled fifteen years ago.

2

قرأتُ ستَّ عشرةَ قصةً

I read sixteen stories.

3

في الغرفةِ سبعَ عشرةَ طاولةً

There are seventeen tables in the room.

4

عندي ثماني عشرةَ دقيقةً

I have eighteen minutes.

1

وصلَ تسعَ عشرةَ طائرةً

Nineteen planes arrived.

2

رأيتُ أحدَ عشرَ رجلاً

I saw eleven men.

3

اشتريتُ اثني عشرَ قلمًا

I bought twelve pens.

4

أكلتُ ثلاثَ عشرةَ قطعةً

I ate thirteen pieces.

1

تتكونُ اللجنةُ من أربعَ عشرةَ عضوةً

The committee consists of fourteen members (female).

2

استغرقت الرحلةُ خمسَ عشرةَ ساعةً

The trip took fifteen hours.

3

هناك ستَّ عشرةَ مدينةً

There are sixteen cities.

4

سجلتُ سبعَ عشرةَ ملاحظةً

I recorded seventeen notes.

1

تضمُّ المكتبةُ ثماني عشرةَ مخطوطةً

The library houses eighteen manuscripts.

2

نحتاجُ تسعَ عشرةَ ورقةً

We need nineteen sheets of paper.

3

شاهدتُ أحدَ عشرَ فيلمًا

I watched eleven movies.

4

استقبلنا اثنتي عشرةَ ضيفةً

We received twelve guests (female).

1

تتطلبُ المهمةُ ثلاثَ عشرةَ خطوةً

The task requires thirteen steps.

2

تتضمنُ القائمةُ أربعَ عشرةَ مادةً

The list includes fourteen items.

3

قضيتُ خمسَ عشرةَ ليلةً

I spent fifteen nights.

4

تجاوزنا ستَّ عشرةَ عقبةً

We overcame sixteen obstacles.

容易混淆

Arabic Numbers 11-19: Mastering the Gender Flip 对比 Numbers 3-10

Learners confuse the simple flip of 3-10 with the compound flip of 13-19.

Arabic Numbers 11-19: Mastering the Gender Flip 对比 Numbers 20-99

Learners try to apply the flip to 20-99.

Arabic Numbers 11-19: Mastering the Gender Flip 对比 Numbers 11-12

Learners try to flip 11 and 12 like 13-19.

常见错误

✗

ثلاثة عشر طالبة

✓

ثلاثَ عشرةَ طالبةً

Failed to flip gender and used wrong noun case.
✗

ثلاث عشر طلاب

✓

ثلاثةَ عشرَ طالباً

Used plural noun instead of singular.
✗

أحد عشرة كتاب

✓

أحدَ عشرَ كتاباً

Incorrect gender for 11.
✗

اثنان عشرة بنت

✓

اثنتا عشرةَ بنتاً

Incorrect gender for 12.
✗

خمسة عشرة دقيقة

✓

خمسَ عشرةَ دقيقةً

Failed to flip gender for 15.
✗

ستة عشرة قصة

✓

ستَّ عشرةَ قصةً

Incorrect gender for 16.
✗

سبعة عشرة طاولة

✓

سبعَ عشرةَ طاولةً

Incorrect gender for 17.
✗

ثمانية عشرة دقيقة

✓

ثماني عشرةَ دقيقةً

Incorrect form of 8.
✗

تسعة عشرة طائرة

✓

تسعَ عشرةَ طائرةً

Incorrect gender for 19.
✗

أربعة عشرة غرفة

✓

أربعَ عشرةَ غرفةً

Incorrect gender for 14.
✗

ثلاثة عشرة مخطوطة

✓

ثلاثَ عشرةَ مخطوطةً

Incorrect gender for 13.
✗

أربعة عشرة ورقة

✓

أربعَ عشرةَ ورقةً

Incorrect gender for 14.
✗

خمسة عشرة ليلة

✓

خمسَ عشرةَ ليلةً

Incorrect gender for 15.

句型

عندي ___ ___.

رأيتُ ___ ___ في الشارع.

استغرقت الرحلةُ ___ ___.

في المكتبةِ ___ ___.

Real World Usage

Hotel Check-in common

أريدُ أربعَ عشرةَ غرفةً.

Ordering Food common

أريدُ ثلاثَ عشرةَ قطعةً.

Social Media common

شاهدتُ أحدَ عشرَ فيلمًا.

Job Interview occasional

لديَّ خمسةَ عشرَ عامًا من الخبرة.

Travel common

انتظرتُ ستَّ عشرةَ دقيقةً.

Academic Writing common

تتكونُ الدراسةُ من سبعةَ عشرَ فصلاً.

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🎯

“反转”小窍门

对于13-19，把个位数看成叛逆的孩子。如果你看到阴性名词，个位数就别加 ta marbuta，比如 «عندي خمس عشرة صورة قديمة»。
⚠️

单数万岁！

千万别在11-19后面用复数名词。即使有19个学生，也要说成“19个学生（单数）”，如 «في الصف تسعة عشر طالباً»。
💬

方言 vs 标准语

在埃及或黎凡特方言里，大家常偷懒用一个形式，比如 «عندي إتناشر كتاب في البيت»。但在正式写作中，必须遵守复杂的性别规则！

Smart Tips

Identify the noun gender first, then pick the opposite gender for the first digit.

ثلاثة عشر كتاب → ثلاثة عشر كتابًا

Always use the singular accusative form for the noun.

ثلاثة عشر كتب → ثلاثة عشر كتابًا

Pause slightly before the noun to ensure you have the correct gender.

ثلاثة عشر كتاب → ثلاثة عشر كتابًا

Remember: 11-12 match, 13-19 flip.

ثلاث عشر كتاب → ثلاثة عشر كتابًا

发音

kitaban

Tanween

The noun after 11-19 always ends in a tanween fath (an sound).

THALA-tashra

Stress

The stress usually falls on the first part of the compound number.

Declarative

عندي ثلاثةَ عشرَ كتابًا ↘

Falling intonation for statements.

记住它

记忆技巧

The first digit is a rebel; it always goes against the noun. The 'ten' is a loyal friend; it always matches the noun.

视觉联想

Imagine a seesaw. If the noun is on the left (heavy/masculine), the first number digit sits on the right (light/feminine) to balance it out.

Rhyme

Thirteen to nineteen, the first part must flip, the second part matches, don't let it slip!

Story

Imagine a classroom with 13 boys. The boys are masculine, so the 'three' must be feminine (ثلاثَ). The 'ten' stays masculine (عشر). You see them walking in a line: 'ثلاثَ عشرَ ولداً'.

Word Web

أحدَ عشرَاثنا عشرَثلاثَ عشرةَأربعَ عشرةَخمسَ عشرةَستَّ عشرةَ

挑战

Look around your room and count 13-19 of any object you see, ensuring you flip the gender of the first digit.

文化笔记

In spoken Levantine, the gender flip is often ignored, and a simplified form is used.

Egyptian dialect often uses 'خمستاشر' instead of 'خمسة عشر'.

Formal MSA rules are strictly followed in media and official documents.

These compound numbers evolved from ancient Semitic counting systems where gender concord was strictly enforced.

对话开场白

“

كم كتاباً قرأتَ هذا الشهر؟

“

كم دقيقةً تحتاجُ للوصول؟

“

كم طالباً في صفِّك؟

“

كم سنةً تعيشُ هنا؟

日记主题

Describe your bookshelf using numbers 11-19.
Write about your daily routine and how many minutes you spend on tasks.
Imagine you are a teacher, describe your class size.
Write a story about a shopping trip where you bought many items.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

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Test Yourself

用数字15的正确形式填空，修饰“天”（يوم - 阳性）。

سافرت لمدة ___ يوماً.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: خمسة عشر
因为 'يوم' 是阳性，所以个位(5)必须是阴性 (خمسة)，十位必须是阳性 (عشر)。
哪句话正确使用了数字13来修饰“女孩”（بنت - 阴性）？ 多项选择

选择正确的句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: رأيت ثلاث عشرة بنتاً.
对于阴性名词，个位(3)用阳性 (ثلاث)，十位用阴性 (عشرة)。
纠正修饰“城市”（مدينة - 阴性）的数字11。 Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

زرت أحد عشر مدينة.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: زرت إحدى عشرة مدينة.
11必须与阴性名词 'مدينة' 完全一致，所以两部分都必须是阴性：إحدى عشرة。

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

عندي ___ عشرَ كتابًا.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ثلاث
Book is masculine, so 3 must be feminine.
Choose the correct form. 多项选择

رأيتُ ___ عشرةَ قصةً.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أربعة
Story is feminine, so 4 must be masculine.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

عندي خمسة عشرة دقيقة.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: خمس عشرة دقيقة
Minute is feminine, so 5 must be masculine.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

كتابًا / عشرَ / ثلاثة / عندي

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: عندي ثلاثة عشر كتابًا
Standard word order.
Translate to Arabic. 翻译

I have 16 pens.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: عندي ستة عشر قلمًا
Pen is masculine, so 6 must be feminine.
Match the number to the noun. Match Pairs

Match 13-19 with correct gender.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ثلاثة عشر كتابًا
Correct gender matching.
Conjugate the number. Conjugation Drill

17 + Book (masc)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: سبعة عشر كتابًا
Book is masculine.
True or False? True False Rule

Numbers 11-12 flip gender.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
11-12 match gender.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
用数字14填空，修饰“小时”（ساعة - 阴性）。 填空

عملت لمدة ___ ساعة.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أربع عشرة
为“男人”（رجل - 阳性）选择正确的12的形式。 多项选择

جاء ___ رجل.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: اثنا عشر
纠正这句关于19个粉丝的句子。 Error Correction

عندي تسع عشر متابعاً.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: عندي تسعة عشر متابعاً.
重新排列单词，表达“我有16条信息”。 Sentence Reorder

رسالةً / عندي / ست / عشرة

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: عندي ست عشرة رسالةً
将“十五本书”翻译成阿拉伯语。 翻译

十五本书

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: خمسة عشر كتاباً
将数字与正确的名词匹配。 Match Pairs

匹配以下项：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Match all correctly based on gender rules.
17个“学生”（طالبة - 阴性）的正确形式是什么？ 多项选择

选择正确的一项：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: سبع عشرة طالبةً
用18填空，修饰“度”（درجة - 阴性）。 填空

درجة الحرارة هي ___ درجة.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ثماني عشرة
纠正“15辆车”的名词形式。 Error Correction

خمس عشرة سيارات.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: خمس عشرة سيارةً
翻译“十一名球员”（阳性）。 翻译

十一名球员

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أحد عشر لاعباً

Score: /10

常见问题 (8)

They are considered 'fixed' compound numbers where both parts agree with the noun.

Yes, after 11-19, the noun is always singular and accusative.

It is grammatically incorrect in MSA.

Yes, but often in a simplified form.

No, the rule is consistent for all numbers 13-19.

Usually by the ta-marbuta ending.

Yes, it is required.

No, it is intuitive for them.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish low

trece libros

Arabic uses a compound structure and gender flip, Spanish does not.

French low

treize livres

Arabic's gender flip is unique to Semitic languages.

German low

dreizehn Bücher

Arabic's complex agreement is absent in German.

Japanese none

juusan satsu

Arabic is gender-based, Japanese is counter-based.

Chinese none

shisan ben

Arabic's gender flip is entirely absent.

Hebrew high

shlosha asar

The underlying logic is identical.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
阿拉伯语数字3-10：性别反转规则

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