B1 Noun Gender 9 min read Difícil

Números Árabes 11-19: Dominando a Concordância de Gênero

Para 13-19, a unidade inverte o gênero e a dezena combina; use sempre o substantivo no singular acusativo.
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Pratique

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

For numbers 13-19, the first part of the number flips gender against the noun, while 'ten' matches it.

  • Number 11: Both parts match the noun gender (e.g., أحدَ عشرَ كوكباً).
  • Number 12: Both parts match the noun gender (e.g., اثنتا عشرةَ سنةً).
  • Numbers 13-19: The first part is opposite gender, the second part matches (e.g., ثلاثَ عشرةَ بنتًا).
11-12: [Noun Gender] = [Part 1] + [Part 2] | 13-19: [Noun Gender] ≠ [Part 1] + [Part 2]

Overview

Visão Geral
Os números compostos em árabe (11-19) são fascinantes. Eles mudam de gênero de uma forma que parece confusa no início, mas tem uma lógica clara...
Como essa gramática funciona
11 e 12 são os 'casais perfeitos': ambos os lados concordam com o substantivo. Do 13 ao 19, temos os 'irmãos rebeldes': a primeira parte é o oposto do gênero do nome, enquanto a segunda parte (o dez) concorda...
Padrão de Formação
  1. 1Verifique o gênero do substantivo.
  2. 211/12: Concordância total.
  3. 313-19: Unidade oposta, dezena igual.
  4. 4O substantivo fica sempre no singular e no acusativo...
[Rest of headings follow same pattern]

Gender Agreement for 13-19

Number Masculine Noun (e.g., Book) Feminine Noun (e.g., Pen/Story)
13
ثلاثَ عشرةَ كتابًا
ثلاثةَ عشرَ قصةً
14
أربعَ عشرةَ كتابًا
أربعةَ عشرَ قصةً
15
خمسَ عشرةَ كتابًا
خمسةَ عشرَ قصةً
16
ستَّ عشرةَ كتابًا
ستةَ عشرَ قصةً
17
سبعَ عشرةَ كتابًا
سبعةَ عشرَ قصةً
18
ثماني عشرةَ كتابًا
ثمانيةَ عشرَ قصةً
19
تسعَ عشرةَ كتابًا
تسعةَ عشرَ قصةً

Meanings

This rule governs the gender agreement between compound numerals (11-19) and the nouns they quantify.

1

Counting Objects

Used when specifying a quantity of items between 11 and 19.

“اشتريتُ أحدَ عشرَ كتابًا”

“في الفصلِ أربعَ عشرةَ طاولةً”

Reference Table

Reference table for Números Árabes 11-19: Dominando a Concordância de Gênero
Número Com Substantivo Masc. (ex: كتاباً) Com Substantivo Fem. (ex: رسالةً) Regra de Concordância
11
أحد عشر (Ahada 'ashara)
إحدى عشرة (Ihda 'ashrata)
Concordância Total
12
اثنا عشر (Ithna 'ashara)
اثنتا عشرة (Ithnata 'ashrata)
Concordância Total
13
ثلاثة عشر (Thalathata 'ashara)
ثلاث عشرة (Thalatha 'ashrata)
Unidade Oposta / Dezena Combina
15
خمسة عشر (Khamsata 'ashara)
خمس عشرة (Khamsa 'ashrata)
Unidade Oposta / Dezena Combina
19
تسعة عشر (Tis'ata 'ashara)
تسع عشرة (Tis'a 'ashrata)
Unidade Oposta / Dezena Combina

Espectro de formalidade

Formal
لديَّ ثلاثةَ عشرَ كتابًا.

لديَّ ثلاثةَ عشرَ كتابًا. (Possession)

Neutro
عندي ثلاثةَ عشرَ كتابًا.

عندي ثلاثةَ عشرَ كتابًا. (Possession)

Informal
معي ثلاثةَ عشرَ كتاب.

معي ثلاثةَ عشرَ كتاب. (Possession)

Gíria
عندي تلاتاشر كتاب.

عندي تلاتاشر كتاب. (Possession)

Números Compostos em Árabe (11-19)

Números Compostos

Os Casais Perfeitos (11-12)

  • Concordância Ambas as partes combinam com o gênero

Os Irmãos Rebeldes (13-19)

  • Divisão Unidade inverte, Dezena combina

Matriz de Concordância de Gênero

Com Substantivo Masc. (كتاباً)
أحد عشر 11
ثلاثة عشر 13
Com Substantivo Fem. (سيارةً)
إحدى عشرة 11
ثلاث عشرة 13

Como Montar o Número

1

O número é 11 ou 12?

YES
Ambas as partes combinam com o gênero do substantivo.
NO
Vá para a regra da divisão (13-19).
2

O substantivo é masculino?

YES
Unidade = Fem, Dezena = Masc
NO ↓

Os Três Componentes

🔢

Parte 1: Unidade

  • • 1-9
  • • Gênero oposto para 13-19
🔟

Parte 2: Dezena

  • • عشر ou عشرة
  • • Sempre combina com o substantivo
📝

Parte 3: Substantivo

  • • Singular
  • • Acusativo (-an)
Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

Exemplos por nível

1

عندي أحدَ عشرَ كتابًا

I have eleven books.

2

في الفصلِ اثنتا عشرةَ طالبةً

There are twelve female students in the class.

3

اشتريتُ ثلاثَ عشرةَ تفاحةً

I bought thirteen apples.

4

رأيتُ أربعَ عشرةَ سيارةً

I saw fourteen cars.

1

سافرتُ قبلَ خمسَ عشرةَ سنةً

I traveled fifteen years ago.

2

قرأتُ ستَّ عشرةَ قصةً

I read sixteen stories.

3

في الغرفةِ سبعَ عشرةَ طاولةً

There are seventeen tables in the room.

4

عندي ثماني عشرةَ دقيقةً

I have eighteen minutes.

1

وصلَ تسعَ عشرةَ طائرةً

Nineteen planes arrived.

2

رأيتُ أحدَ عشرَ رجلاً

I saw eleven men.

3

اشتريتُ اثني عشرَ قلمًا

I bought twelve pens.

4

أكلتُ ثلاثَ عشرةَ قطعةً

I ate thirteen pieces.

1

تتكونُ اللجنةُ من أربعَ عشرةَ عضوةً

The committee consists of fourteen members (female).

2

استغرقت الرحلةُ خمسَ عشرةَ ساعةً

The trip took fifteen hours.

3

هناك ستَّ عشرةَ مدينةً

There are sixteen cities.

4

سجلتُ سبعَ عشرةَ ملاحظةً

I recorded seventeen notes.

1

تضمُّ المكتبةُ ثماني عشرةَ مخطوطةً

The library houses eighteen manuscripts.

2

نحتاجُ تسعَ عشرةَ ورقةً

We need nineteen sheets of paper.

3

شاهدتُ أحدَ عشرَ فيلمًا

I watched eleven movies.

4

استقبلنا اثنتي عشرةَ ضيفةً

We received twelve guests (female).

1

تتطلبُ المهمةُ ثلاثَ عشرةَ خطوةً

The task requires thirteen steps.

2

تتضمنُ القائمةُ أربعَ عشرةَ مادةً

The list includes fourteen items.

3

قضيتُ خمسَ عشرةَ ليلةً

I spent fifteen nights.

4

تجاوزنا ستَّ عشرةَ عقبةً

We overcame sixteen obstacles.

Fácil de confundir

Arabic Numbers 11-19: Mastering the Gender Flip vs Numbers 3-10

Learners confuse the simple flip of 3-10 with the compound flip of 13-19.

Arabic Numbers 11-19: Mastering the Gender Flip vs Numbers 20-99

Learners try to apply the flip to 20-99.

Arabic Numbers 11-19: Mastering the Gender Flip vs Numbers 11-12

Learners try to flip 11 and 12 like 13-19.

Erros comuns

✗

ثلاثة عشر طالبة

✓

ثلاثَ عشرةَ طالبةً

Failed to flip gender and used wrong noun case.
✗

ثلاث عشر طلاب

✓

ثلاثةَ عشرَ طالباً

Used plural noun instead of singular.
✗

أحد عشرة كتاب

✓

أحدَ عشرَ كتاباً

Incorrect gender for 11.
✗

اثنان عشرة بنت

✓

اثنتا عشرةَ بنتاً

Incorrect gender for 12.
✗

خمسة عشرة دقيقة

✓

خمسَ عشرةَ دقيقةً

Failed to flip gender for 15.
✗

ستة عشرة قصة

✓

ستَّ عشرةَ قصةً

Incorrect gender for 16.
✗

سبعة عشرة طاولة

✓

سبعَ عشرةَ طاولةً

Incorrect gender for 17.
✗

ثمانية عشرة دقيقة

✓

ثماني عشرةَ دقيقةً

Incorrect form of 8.
✗

تسعة عشرة طائرة

✓

تسعَ عشرةَ طائرةً

Incorrect gender for 19.
✗

أربعة عشرة غرفة

✓

أربعَ عشرةَ غرفةً

Incorrect gender for 14.
✗

ثلاثة عشرة مخطوطة

✓

ثلاثَ عشرةَ مخطوطةً

Incorrect gender for 13.
✗

أربعة عشرة ورقة

✓

أربعَ عشرةَ ورقةً

Incorrect gender for 14.
✗

خمسة عشرة ليلة

✓

خمسَ عشرةَ ليلةً

Incorrect gender for 15.

Padrões de frases

عندي ___ ___.

رأيتُ ___ ___ في الشارع.

استغرقت الرحلةُ ___ ___.

في المكتبةِ ___ ___.

Real World Usage

Hotel Check-in common

أريدُ أربعَ عشرةَ غرفةً.

Ordering Food common

أريدُ ثلاثَ عشرةَ قطعةً.

Social Media common

شاهدتُ أحدَ عشرَ فيلمًا.

Job Interview occasional

لديَّ خمسةَ عشرَ عامًا من الخبرة.

Travel common

انتظرتُ ستَّ عشرةَ دقيقةً.

Academic Writing common

تتكونُ الدراسةُ من سبعةَ عشرَ فصلاً.

Cadastre-se grátis para ver todos os exemplos
🎯

O Atalho do 'Inverte e Combina'

Para 13-19, visualize a unidade como rebelde. Se o substantivo for feminino, a primeira parte do número parece masculina (sem 'ta marbuta'): «ثلاث عشرة رسالةً».
⚠️

Apenas Singular!

Nunca use o plural depois de 11-19. Mesmo se você tiver 19 alunos, em árabe dizemos 'dezenove aluno': «تسعة عشر طالباً».
💬

Dialeto vs. Fusha

No dia a dia, como no Egito, as pessoas simplificam e usam uma forma só. Guarde essas regras complexas para quando for escrever: «اثنا عشر موظفاً».

Smart Tips

Identify the noun gender first, then pick the opposite gender for the first digit.

ثلاثة عشر كتاب → ثلاثة عشر كتابًا

Always use the singular accusative form for the noun.

ثلاثة عشر كتب → ثلاثة عشر كتابًا

Pause slightly before the noun to ensure you have the correct gender.

ثلاثة عشر كتاب → ثلاثة عشر كتابًا

Remember: 11-12 match, 13-19 flip.

ثلاث عشر كتاب → ثلاثة عشر كتابًا

Pronúncia

kitaban

Tanween

The noun after 11-19 always ends in a tanween fath (an sound).

THALA-tashra

Stress

The stress usually falls on the first part of the compound number.

Declarative

عندي ثلاثةَ عشرَ كتابًا ↘

Falling intonation for statements.

Memorize

Mnemônico

The first digit is a rebel; it always goes against the noun. The 'ten' is a loyal friend; it always matches the noun.

Associação visual

Imagine a seesaw. If the noun is on the left (heavy/masculine), the first number digit sits on the right (light/feminine) to balance it out.

Rhyme

Thirteen to nineteen, the first part must flip, the second part matches, don't let it slip!

Story

Imagine a classroom with 13 boys. The boys are masculine, so the 'three' must be feminine (ثلاثَ). The 'ten' stays masculine (عشر). You see them walking in a line: 'ثلاثَ عشرَ ولداً'.

Word Web

أحدَ عشرَاثنا عشرَثلاثَ عشرةَأربعَ عشرةَخمسَ عشرةَستَّ عشرةَ

Desafio

Look around your room and count 13-19 of any object you see, ensuring you flip the gender of the first digit.

Notas culturais

In spoken Levantine, the gender flip is often ignored, and a simplified form is used.

Egyptian dialect often uses 'خمستاشر' instead of 'خمسة عشر'.

Formal MSA rules are strictly followed in media and official documents.

These compound numbers evolved from ancient Semitic counting systems where gender concord was strictly enforced.

Iniciadores de conversa

“

كم كتاباً قرأتَ هذا الشهر؟

“

كم دقيقةً تحتاجُ للوصول؟

“

كم طالباً في صفِّك؟

“

كم سنةً تعيشُ هنا؟

Temas para diário

Describe your bookshelf using numbers 11-19.
Write about your daily routine and how many minutes you spend on tasks.
Imagine you are a teacher, describe your class size.
Write a story about a shopping trip where you bought many items.

Erros comuns

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

Incorrect

Correto

Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Preencha a lacuna com a forma correta de 15 para 'dias' (يوم - masculino).

سافرت لمدة ___ يوماً.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: خمسة عشر
Como 'يوم' é masculino, a unidade (5) deve ser feminina (خمسة) e a dezena masculina (عشر).
Qual frase usa o número 13 corretamente com 'meninas' (بنت - feminino)? Múltipla escolha

Escolha a frase correta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: رأيت ثلاث عشرة بنتاً.
Para substantivos femininos, a unidade (3) é masculina (ثلاث) e a dezena é feminina (عشرة).
Corrija o número 11 para 'cidades' (مدينة - feminino). Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

زرت أحد عشر مدينة.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: زرت إحدى عشرة مدينة.
O 11 deve concordar totalmente com o substantivo feminino 'مدينة', então ambas as partes devem ser femininas: إحدى عشرة.

Score: /3

Exercicios praticos

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

عندي ___ عشرَ كتابًا.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ثلاث
Book is masculine, so 3 must be feminine.
Choose the correct form. Múltipla escolha

رأيتُ ___ عشرةَ قصةً.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أربعة
Story is feminine, so 4 must be masculine.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

عندي خمسة عشرة دقيقة.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: خمس عشرة دقيقة
Minute is feminine, so 5 must be masculine.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

كتابًا / عشرَ / ثلاثة / عندي

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: عندي ثلاثة عشر كتابًا
Standard word order.
Translate to Arabic. Tradução

I have 16 pens.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: عندي ستة عشر قلمًا
Pen is masculine, so 6 must be feminine.
Match the number to the noun. Match Pairs

Match 13-19 with correct gender.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ثلاثة عشر كتابًا
Correct gender matching.
Conjugate the number. Conjugation Drill

17 + Book (masc)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: سبعة عشر كتابًا
Book is masculine.
True or False? True False Rule

Numbers 11-12 flip gender.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
11-12 match gender.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Preencha com 14 para 'horas' (ساعة - feminino). Preencher as lacunas

عملت لمدة ___ ساعة.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أربع عشرة
Escolha a forma correta de 12 para 'homens' (رجل - masculino). Múltipla escolha

جاء ___ رجل.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: اثنا عشر
Corrija o erro nesta frase sobre 19 seguidores. Error Correction

عندي تسع عشر متابعاً.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: عندي تسعة عشر متابعاً.
Reordene as palavras para dizer 'Eu tenho 16 mensagens'. Sentence Reorder

رسالةً / عندي / ست / عشرة

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: عندي ست عشرة رسالةً
Traduza 'Quinze livros' para o árabe. Tradução

Quinze livros

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: خمسة عشر كتاباً
Combine o número com o substantivo correto. Match Pairs

Combine os pares:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Match all correctly based on gender rules.
Qual a forma correta para 17 'alunas' (طالبة - feminino)? Múltipla escolha

Selecione a correta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: سبع عشرة طالبةً
Preencha com 18 para 'graus' (درجة - feminino). Preencher as lacunas

درجة الحرارة هي ___ درجة.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ثماني عشرة
Corrija a forma do substantivo para '15 carros'. Error Correction

خمس عشرة سيارات.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: خمس عشرة سيارةً
Traduza 'Onze jogadores' (masculino). Tradução

Onze jogadores

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: أحد عشر لاعباً

Score: /10

Perguntas frequentes (8)

They are considered 'fixed' compound numbers where both parts agree with the noun.

Yes, after 11-19, the noun is always singular and accusative.

It is grammatically incorrect in MSA.

Yes, but often in a simplified form.

No, the rule is consistent for all numbers 13-19.

Usually by the ta-marbuta ending.

Yes, it is required.

No, it is intuitive for them.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

Cadastre-se grátis para praticar

In Other Languages

Spanish low

trece libros

Arabic uses a compound structure and gender flip, Spanish does not.

French low

treize livres

Arabic's gender flip is unique to Semitic languages.

German low

dreizehn Bücher

Arabic's complex agreement is absent in German.

Japanese none

juusan satsu

Arabic is gender-based, Japanese is counter-based.

Chinese none

shisan ben

Arabic's gender flip is entirely absent.

Hebrew high

shlosha asar

The underlying logic is identical.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Números árabes 3-10: A regra do gênero invertido

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