主格助词 이/가
이/가 marks the grammatical subject and is essential for new information, questions, and embedded clauses.
- • Attach 이 after consonants, 가 after vowels
- • Marks grammatical subject, especially new informat...
이/가 marks the grammatical subject and is essential for new information, questions, and embedded clauses.
Use `께서` instead of `이/가` when the subject is someone deserving high social respect.
Use `-ㄴ/은/는 한` to set a continuous condition or limit for another action or state.
Use -대(요) to relay information you heard from others without saying the full quote.
Use -ㄹ/을 뻔했다 to dramatically express a near-miss, showing relief that a disaster was avoided or regret over a missed chance.
The -(이)야 particle lets you concede an obvious truth to powerfully set up a contrasting, usually negative, reality.
은/는 marks the topic and often signals contrast — it is not simply a subject marker.
Use -는 대로 for future sequences and -ㄴ/은 대로 to describe doing something exactly as it happened.
Use `관계없이` to show that a specific condition (age, time, cost) has absolutely no effect on the result.
Use -았/었더라면 to say 'If things had been different in the past,' followed by 'this would have happened.'
Use -기로는 to highlight a specific quality as the definitive metric for ranking or evaluating something.
Choose 이/가 for new info and emphasis; choose 은/는 for topics, contrast, and general statements.
Think of `을/를` as a target sticker you place on the thing receiving the action (pizza, movie, homework).
Use -ㄴ/은/는지 to wrap a question into a clause before verbs of knowing, asking, or wondering.
Use -ㄴ/은 이후(로) to mark a milestone and describe the state or changes that followed.
Swap `하다` with `시키다` to turn a neutral action into a command, assignment, or order.
Use -ㄴ/는다는 것이다 to turn a full sentence into a noun phrase representing a definition, fact, or summary.
Use `에서` for dynamic actions (eating, studying) and `에` for static existence or direction (being, going).
Match `았/었/였` to the verb stem's vowel harmony to correctly talk about finished past actions and states.
Use `에서는` to say "As for in [Location]..." when setting the scene or contrasting places.
Use -ㄴ/은/는 체하다 to describe 'pretending' or 'acting like' something to create a specific outward appearance.
Use -기에 in formal writing or literature to objectively state a reason or background context.
Mastering the choice between direct and indirect causation shows true C2-level control over social and physical nuances.
Use `에` to mark where you are or where you're going—it's your Korean 'GPS' particle.
Use (으)ㄹ 거예요 for general plans and predictions; it attaches to the verb stem based on the final consonant.
Use `에서부터` to highlight a specific starting location, emphasizing the origin or distance of a movement.
Use `-지 않을 수 없다` to emphasize that a situation or emotion is completely unavoidable and mandatory.
Use `-다시피` with perception verbs to politely acknowledge shared information and transition smoothly to your main point.
Use `-고도` to link a completed action with a surprising or contradictory result that follows it.
Use '-지 않다' to negate verbs formally or decisively by attaching it to the verb stem.
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