حالت مجهول در انگلیسی: چه اتفاقی برای چیزها میافتد (مجهول حال ساده)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The passive voice shifts the focus from 'who did it' to 'what happened' to the object.
- Use 'am/is/are' + the past participle (V3) of the main verb. Example: 'The mail is delivered.'
- The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. Example: 'I eat apples' becomes 'Apples are eaten.'
- Use 'by' only if the person doing the action is actually important. Example: 'The book is written by J.K. Rowling.'
مرور کلی
Liked by 42 people یا Mentioned in a comment را میبینید. متوجه چیز عجیبی شدید؟ کسی که کار را انجام داده در آخر میآید. یا شاید اصلاً نامی از او نباشد! این همان حالت مجهول (Passive) است.I sent the text.این حالت معلوم (Active) است. اما اگر متن پیام مهمتر از فرستنده باشد چه؟
Present Simple Passive وارد عمل میشود. ما از این حالت برای توصیف کارهای روتین، حقایق یا فرآیندهایی استفاده میکنیم که در آنها خودِ کار مهمتر از انجامدهنده آن است.Your order is prepared)، از حالت مجهول استفاده کرده است. فرقی نمیکند آشپز مارکو باشد یا یک ربات؛ شما فقط غذایتان را میخواهید!این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
- 1معلوم: «مردم هر روز از تیکتاک استفاده میکنند.»
- 2مجهول:
تیکتاک هر روز استفاده میشود (
is used).
الگوی ساخت
am یا is یا are را انتخاب کنید. (The coffee is...)
is made...)
کی استفاده کنیم
- انجامدهنده ناشناس است: «دوچرخهام دزدیده شده!» (
is stolen). - انجامدهنده واضح است: «مجرم دستگیر شد» (
is arrested). - حقایق کلی: «انگلیسی در سراسر جهان صحبت میشود» (
is spoken). - فرآیندها: «انگورها چیده میشوند».
اشتباهات رایج
- فراموش کردن To Be: نگویید
The house built، بگوییدThe house is built. - استفاده از قسمت سوم اشتباه: نگویید
is singed، بگوییدis sung.
مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه
سؤالات رایج
2. Negative Contractions
| Full Form | Short Form |
|---|---|
|
is not
|
isn't
|
|
are not
|
aren't
|
|
am not
|
(no contraction)
|
Present Simple Passive Formation
| Subject | To Be | Past Participle (V3) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
am
|
invited
|
I am invited to the party.
|
|
You / We / They
|
are
|
invited
|
They are invited to the party.
|
|
He / She / It
|
is
|
invited
|
It is invited to the party.
|
|
Singular Noun (The car)
|
is
|
washed
|
The car is washed.
|
|
Plural Noun (The cars)
|
are
|
washed
|
The cars are washed.
|
Meanings
A grammatical construction where the subject of the sentence is the person or thing that receives the action, rather than the one performing it.
General Facts & Processes
Used to describe how things are made, where they come from, or general truths where the 'doer' is obvious or irrelevant.
“Paper is made from wood.”
“The museum is visited by thousands of people every day.”
Formal Instructions & Rules
Used to state rules or procedures in a formal or objective way.
“Smoking is not allowed in the building.”
“ID cards are required for entry.”
Unknown or Unimportant Agent
Used when we don't know who does the action, or it doesn't matter.
“The trash is collected on Tuesdays.”
“My car is serviced every six months.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Subj + am/is/are + V3
|
The room is cleaned.
|
|
Negative
|
Subj + am/is/are + not + V3
|
The room isn't cleaned.
|
|
Question
|
Am/Is/Are + Subj + V3?
|
Is the room cleaned?
|
|
Short Answer (+)
|
Yes, + Subj + am/is/are
|
Yes, it is.
|
|
Short Answer (-)
|
No, + Subj + am/is/are + not
|
No, it isn't.
|
|
Wh- Question
|
Wh- + am/is/are + Subj + V3?
|
When is the room cleaned?
|
طیف رسمیت
The premises are cleaned on a daily basis. (Workplace maintenance)
The office is cleaned every day. (Workplace maintenance)
The place gets cleaned daily. (Workplace maintenance)
The spot is done up every day. (Workplace maintenance)
Active vs. Passive Focus
Active
- The Cleaner Focus on WHO
Passive
- The Room Focus on WHAT
Sentence Flip
Should I use Passive?
Do I know who did it?
Is the object more important?
Common Passive Verbs
Manufacturing
- • made
- • produced
- • built
Communication
- • spoken
- • written
- • told
Services
- • cleaned
- • delivered
- • repaired
مثالها بر اساس سطح
English is spoken here.
The cars are made in Japan.
Is breakfast served at 8?
The trash is collected on Monday.
The website is updated every day.
Are these shoes made of leather?
The office isn't cleaned on Sundays.
Many movies are filmed in London.
The data is stored on a secure server.
The winner is chosen by a panel of judges.
How is this word pronounced?
The animals are fed twice a day.
The results are analyzed using statistical software.
It is estimated that 20% of energy is wasted.
The law is strictly enforced in this city.
The project is managed by the local council.
The proposal is widely regarded as a breakthrough.
Access is restricted to authorized personnel only.
The nuance is often lost in translation.
The budget is allocated based on performance.
The narrative is underpinned by a sense of loss.
It is often contended that progress is inevitable.
The system is designed to be self-correcting.
The distinction is frequently blurred in practice.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners often use 'is' when they should use 'was' for past events.
Some words look like participles but are actually adjectives (e.g., 'The door is closed').
Mixing up Present Continuous and Present Passive.
اشتباهات رایج
The car made in Germany.
The car is made in Germany.
English speak here.
English is spoken here.
The apples is eaten.
The apples are eaten.
I am invite to the party.
I am invited to the party.
The letter is wrote.
The letter is written.
Is the work finish?
Is the work finished?
The house is builded.
The house is built.
The accident is happened.
The accident happened.
He is said that he is rich.
It is said that he is rich.
The dinner is being serve.
The dinner is being served.
The problem is solved by itself.
The problem is solved.
الگوهای جملهسازی
___ is made of ___.
___ are grown in ___.
It is said that ___.
___ is strictly prohibited in ___.
Real World Usage
The victim is taken to the hospital.
The sample is placed in a vacuum.
The mixture is stirred until smooth.
Made in Vietnam.
Passengers are requested to remain seated.
Obsessed with coffee. Based in NYC.
The Zombie Test
Don't Overdo It
Check the Participle
Politeness
Smart Tips
Look for the 'Be' verb + 'V3'. If both are there, it's passive.
Use the passive to avoid blaming someone directly.
Use the passive to keep the focus on the product, not the person cooking.
Always double-check the V3 form. It's the most common place for errors.
تلفظ
Linking 'is' and 'are'
In the passive, 'is' and 'are' often link to the following participle.
Reduced 'are'
The word 'are' is often reduced to a schwa sound /ə/ in natural speech.
Emphasis on the Participle
The book is WRITTEN, not read.
Emphasizing the specific action being done.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Remember 'B-P': Be + Participle. If there's no 'Be', it's not Passive!
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a factory conveyor belt. The products (objects) are moving along, and things are being done to them by invisible hands. The focus is on the product, not the workers.
Rhyme
When the doer is a mystery, use 'is' and 'are' with V3!
Story
A mysterious detective arrives at a crime scene. He doesn't say 'Someone stole the jewels.' He says 'The jewels are stolen.' He doesn't say 'Someone broke the window.' He says 'The window is broken.' He focuses on the clues, not the unknown thief.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Look around your room. Find 5 things and say how they are used or where they are made (e.g., 'My phone is made in China', 'The light is turned on').
نکات فرهنگی
The passive is very common in British English to sound polite and indirect, avoiding blaming someone directly.
In scientific and academic circles, the passive is the standard to show objectivity and focus on the experiment, not the scientist.
Laws and regulations almost exclusively use the passive to create a sense of universal application.
The English passive voice evolved from Old English, which used the verbs 'weorthan' (to become) and 'beon' (to be) with a past participle.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
Where is your phone made?
How is your favorite traditional dish prepared?
What rules are strictly enforced in your city?
How is the news reported in your country?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
The mail ___ (deliver) every morning at 9 AM.
Which sentence is in the Present Simple Passive?
Find and fix the mistake:
The books is written by a famous author.
Spanish ___ in Mexico.
We use the passive voice when the person doing the action is the most important part of the sentence.
A: Is the office open on Saturdays? B: No, the doors ___.
Choose the intransitive verb.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Score: /8
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesThe mail ___ (deliver) every morning at 9 AM.
Which sentence is in the Present Simple Passive?
Find and fix the mistake:
The books is written by a famous author.
Spanish ___ in Mexico.
We use the passive voice when the person doing the action is the most important part of the sentence.
A: Is the office open on Saturdays? B: No, the doors ___.
Choose the intransitive verb.
1. They grow rice. 2. They sell rice. 3. They cook rice.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesFresh bread ___ every morning at the bakery.
The news broadcast at 7 PM.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'This email is sent to all employees.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the subjects with the correct form:
The rules ___ strictly followed in this institution.
Many historical documents is kept in the museum.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'This song is loved by millions worldwide.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the active subject to the 'be' verb needed in passive:
Score: /12
سوالات متداول (8)
You can, but you shouldn't. Only use `by` if the person doing the action adds important information. 'The book is written by Steve' is good. 'The room is cleaned by a cleaner' is redundant.
Use `is made of` when you can still see the original material (e.g., 'The chair is made of wood'). Use `is made from` when the material has changed (e.g., 'Paper is made from wood').
No. Only 'transitive' verbs (verbs that take an object) can be passive. Verbs like `happen`, `sleep`, and `go` cannot be passive.
Not always, but it is more common in formal writing. In casual speech, we often use 'they' (e.g., 'They say it's going to rain') instead of the passive ('It is said...').
Because it can make writing sound wordy or evasive. However, in science and news, it is often the best choice for objectivity.
Just add `not` after the verb 'to be'. For example: 'The car is not washed.'
It is the third form of a verb (e.g., go-went-**gone**). For regular verbs, it ends in `-ed`.
It can be. If you mean 'Someone closes the door every day,' it's passive. If you are just describing the door right now, 'closed' is an adjective.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Ser + participio / Pasiva con 'se'
English rarely uses a reflexive structure for the passive.
Être + participe passé
French participles must agree in gender and number with the subject.
Werden + Partizip II
The auxiliary verb is 'become', not 'be'.
~reru / ~rareru
Japanese passive is a verb conjugation, not an auxiliary verb construction.
Al-Fi'l al-Majhul
Passive is indicated by vowel changes, not extra words.
被 (bèi) structure
The passive marker 'bèi' is optional and often implies a negative result.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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