مراقبت از چیزها: 'Look after'
look after نشون میده که تو مسئول نگهداری و مواظبت از یکی یا چیزی هستی. ازش استفاده کن تا بگی مراقب یه نفر یا یه وسیلهای: care, responsibility
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'look after' to describe being responsible for the well-being of people, animals, or objects over a period of time.
- Always keep 'look' and 'after' together; never put the object in between them (e.g., 'look after him').
- Conjugate the verb 'look' normally for tense (looked, looking, looks) while 'after' remains unchanged.
- Use it for both temporary tasks (babysitting) and permanent responsibilities (owning a house).
مرور کلی
phrasal verbs یکی از مهمترین قدمها برای رسیدن به سطح پیشرفته است. یکی از این افعال پرکاربرد که در مکالمات روزمره، محیط کار و حتی در محیطهای دوستانه بسیار به کار میرود، فعل look after است. این فعل به معنای «مراقبت کردن»، «نگهداری کردن» یا «مسئولیت چیزی یا کسی را بر عهده گرفتن» است.look after یک واحد معنایی یکپارچه است. نکتهای که باید به آن توجه کنید این است که در زبان فارسی، فعلها معمولاً در انتهای جمله قرار میگیرند (ساختار SOV)، اما در انگلیسی فعل و مفعول جایگاههای مشخصی دارند (ساختار SVO).look after استفاده کند و چرا نمیتواند اجزای آن را از هم جدا کند، بسیار حیاتی است. این فعل فقط به معنای نگاه کردن نیست؛ بلکه یک تعهد و مسئولیت را نشان میدهد. تصور کنید در یک مهمانی یا در محیط دانشگاه، کسی از شما میخواهد که مراقب وسایلش باشید؛ استفاده درست از این عبارت، تفاوت بین یک انگلیسیِ دستوپاشکسته و یک انگلیسیِ طبیعی و روان را مشخص میکند.look after یک «فعل عبارتی جداییناپذیر» یا inseparable phrasal verb است. این یعنی برخلاف برخی افعال عبارتی دیگر که میتوانید مفعول را بین فعل و حرف اضافه قرار دهید، در اینجا فعل look و حرف اضافه after همیشه باید کنار هم بمانند. اگر بخواهید مفعول را بین این دو قرار دهید، جمله شما از نظر دستوری کاملاً اشتباه میشود.after در این عبارت انگلیسی ایفا میکند، با این تفاوت که در فارسی «از» قبل از مفعول میآید، اما در انگلیسی after بخشی از خودِ فعل است که به مفعول متصل میشود. نکته جالب اینجاست که در فارسی، ما گاهی فعل را حذف میکنیم یا از فعلهای مرکب استفاده میکنیم، اما در انگلیسی، look به تنهایی به معنای «نگاه کردن» است و وقتی after به آن اضافه میشود، معنای آن به کلی تغییر میکند.look یک فعل پایه است که با تغییر حرف اضافه، معنای کاملاً متفاوتی پیدا میکند.I |look after |my little brother |look after یک واحد واحد است که به یک مفعول نیاز دارد. شما نمیتوانید بگویید I look my brother after؛ این دقیقاً همان جایی است که تداخل زبان مادری (L1 interference) رخ میدهد، چرا که در فارسی ما میگوییم «من از برادرم مراقبت میکنم» و ممکن است فکر کنیم میتوانیم ترتیب کلمات را به دلخواه تغییر دهیم.look تغییر میکند. حرف اضافه after همیشه ثابت باقی میماند. در جدول زیر نحوه صرف آن را مشاهده میکنید:She looks after her cat. |I am looking after the office. |They looked after my plants. |He will look after the kids. |look به looks تبدیل میشود، اما after هیچ تغییری نمیکند. این یک قانون کلی در انگلیسی است که حروف اضافه در افعال عبارتی، «صرف» نمیشوند.look after استفاده میکنید که همگی حول محور «مسئولیتپذیری» میچرخند:- 1مراقبت از کودکان و حیوانات خانگی: وقتی برای مدتی کوتاه یا بلند مسئولیتِ زنده بودن یا سلامت یک موجود را بر عهده دارید. مثلاً:
Can you look after my dog while I am at the university?
- 1مراقبت از اشیاء و اموال: وقتی کسی به شما اعتماد میکند تا وسیلهای را برایش نگه دارید. مثلاً در بازار یا تاکسی:
Please look after my bag; I will be back in a second.
- 1مراقبت از افراد بیمار یا سالمند: این کاربرد کمی رسمیتر است و نشاندهنده یک وظیفه انسانی است. مثلاً:
She looks after her elderly grandmother every day.
- 1مراقبت از خود: این یک اصطلاح بسیار رایج است:
You should look after yourself better.یعنی به فکر سلامت خودت باش.
look after میکنید، یعنی برای مدتی چشمتان به آن است و مراقب هستید که اتفاق بدی برایش نیفتد.- 1جدا کردن فعل و حرف اضافه: فارسیزبانان به دلیل ساختار منعطف فارسی، گاهی سعی میکنند مفعول را بین
lookوafterبگذارند (مثلاًLook your bag after). این اشتباه به این دلیل رخ میدهد که در فارسی ترتیب کلمات آزادتر است. همیشه به یاد داشته باشید:look afterیک زنجیره است که نباید شکسته شود.
- 1اشتباه گرفتن با
look for: در فارسی هر دو را «دنبال چیزی بودن» یا «مراقبت کردن» ترجمه میکنیم. اماlook forیعنی «جستجو کردن» (مثل گشتن به دنبال کلید) وlook afterیعنی «مراقبت کردن» (مثل نگه داشتن کلید). این تداخل معنایی باعث میشود دانشآموزان به اشتباه بگویندI am looking after my keysدر حالی که منظورشان این است که دارند کلیدهایشان را پیدا میکنند.
- 1استفاده از
look afterبرای «تعمیر کردن»: در فارسی ما میگوییم «به ماشین رسیدگی کن» و ممکن است فکر کنیم منظور «تعمیر کردن» است. اما در انگلیسیlook afterبه معنای تعمیر فنی نیست. اگر ماشین خراب است، باید ازfixیاrepairاستفاده کنید.look afterفقط برای مراقبت از سلامت یا امنیت است.
look after | مراقبت کردن | مسئولیت و نگهداری |look for | جستجو کردن | تلاش برای پیدا کردن |look at | نگاه کردن | تمرکز بصری |take care of | رسیدگی کردن | مترادفِ look after (کمی رسمیتر) |look at فقط یک عمل بصری است، در حالی که look after یک تعهد زمانی است. همچنین take care of جایگزین بسیار خوبی برای look after است، اما در محیطهای خیلی دوستانه، look after طبیعیتر به نظر میرسد.- 1آیا میتوانم به جای
look afterازtake care ofاستفاده کنم؟
take care of کمی رسمیتر است و در محیطهای کاری بیشتر شنیده میشود.- 1آیا
look afterبرای اشیاء بیجان هم استفاده میشود؟
Please look after my house while I am away).- 1چرا نباید بگویم
Look my brother after؟
look after یک فعل عبارتی جداییناپذیر است. در انگلیسی، وقتی فعل و حرف اضافه با هم معنای جدیدی میسازند، نباید مفعول را در میان آنها قرار داد. این یک قانون صلب در گرامر انگلیسی است.2. Negative Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
do not look after
|
don't look after
|
I don't look after cats.
|
|
does not look after
|
doesn't look after
|
He doesn't look after his car.
|
|
did not look after
|
didn't look after
|
We didn't look after the plants.
|
|
is not looking after
|
isn't looking after
|
She isn't looking after the baby.
|
Conjugating 'Look After'
| Tense | Subject | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
I / You / We / They
|
look after
|
I look after the dog.
|
|
Present Simple
|
He / She / It
|
looks after
|
She looks after the dog.
|
|
Past Simple
|
All subjects
|
looked after
|
We looked after the dog.
|
|
Present Continuous
|
I
|
am looking after
|
I am looking after the dog.
|
|
Present Continuous
|
He / She / It
|
is looking after
|
He is looking after the dog.
|
|
Present Perfect
|
I / You / We / They
|
have looked after
|
They have looked after the dog.
|
|
Future (Will)
|
All subjects
|
will look after
|
I will look after the dog.
|
|
Gerund
|
N/A
|
looking after
|
Looking after a dog is hard work.
|
Meanings
To take care of someone or something by ensuring they have what they need, remain safe, or stay in good condition.
Physical Care
Providing for the basic needs of a living being, like a child or a pet.
“She looks after her younger brother every afternoon.”
“Who is going to look after the dog while we are at work?”
Maintenance/Protection
Ensuring that property or objects do not get damaged or lost.
“Please look after my luggage for a minute while I buy a ticket.”
“You should look after your phone; it was very expensive.”
Responsibility/Management
Being in charge of a task, a department, or a business interest.
“My assistant looks after all my travel arrangements.”
“The finance department looks after the company's taxes.”
Reference Table
| فاعل | شکل فعل | مفعول | موقعیت |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
look after
|
the dog
|
کارهای روزمره
|
|
She
|
looks after
|
her grandma
|
مراقبت از خانواده
|
|
We
|
are looking after
|
the house
|
کار موقتی
|
|
They
|
looked after
|
the luggage
|
اتفاق گذشته
|
|
You
|
should look after
|
yourself
|
نصیحت
|
|
The nanny
|
will look after
|
the twins
|
برنامهی آینده
|
طیف رسمیت
I am responsible for the oversight and well-being of the children. (childcare)
I am looking after the children today. (childcare)
I'm watching the kids. (childcare)
I'm on kid-duty. (childcare)
What can we 'Look After'?
People
- Children Babies, siblings
- Elderly Grandparents
Animals
- Pets Dogs, cats
- Livestock Cows, sheep
Property
- House Home, garden
- Possessions Luggage, phone
Abstract
- Business Finances, clients
- Self Health, well-being
Look After vs. Look For
Can I separate 'Look' and 'After'?
Is it the phrasal verb meaning 'to care for'?
Is the object a pronoun (him/her/it)?
مثالها بر اساس سطح
I look after my cat.
I take care of my cat.
She looks after her baby.
She takes care of her baby.
Do you look after your toys?
Do you take care of your toys?
They look after the garden.
They take care of the garden.
I looked after my brother yesterday.
I took care of my brother yesterday.
Can you look after my bag for a minute?
Can you watch my bag for a minute?
We are looking after our neighbor's house.
We are taking care of our neighbor's house.
He doesn't look after his health.
He doesn't take care of his health.
I've been looking after this department for three years.
I have been managing this department for three years.
It's hard to look after a large house by yourself.
It is difficult to maintain a large house alone.
Who is looking after the arrangements for the party?
Who is handling the party arrangements?
You need to look after your skin in the sun.
You need to protect your skin in the sun.
The government needs to look after the interests of small businesses.
The government must protect small business interests.
She has a reputation for looking after her employees well.
She is known for taking good care of her staff.
If you look after your tools, they will last a lifetime.
If you maintain your tools, they will last forever.
He was looking after his elderly parents while working full-time.
He was caring for his aged parents while also working.
The executor is responsible for looking after the estate until probate is granted.
The executor manages the property until legal processes are finished.
In this industry, you really have to look after number one.
In this field, you must prioritize your own interests.
The charity looks after the welfare of retired greyhounds.
The charity manages the well-being of former racing dogs.
The museum looks after some of the world's most precious artifacts.
The museum preserves very valuable historical items.
The state's failure to look after its most vulnerable citizens led to a crisis.
The government's inability to care for the poor caused a crisis.
One must look after the nuances of the contract before signing.
One must attend to the small details of the contract.
He has spent a lifetime looking after the legacy of his late father.
He dedicated his life to preserving his father's reputation.
The ecological balance is looked after by a complex web of predators.
Nature's balance is maintained by predators.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both start with 'look' and involve an object, but one is about care and the other is about searching.
Learners sometimes use 'look after' when they just mean 'observing' something.
They are very similar, but 'take care of' can be used for solving problems, while 'look after' cannot.
اشتباهات رایج
I look my dog after.
I look after my dog.
I look for my baby.
I look after my baby.
He look after the cat.
He looks after the cat.
I am look after the house.
I am looking after the house.
I will look after to you.
I will look after you.
She looked after her bag for a minute.
She looked after my bag for a minute.
Did you looked after the plants?
Did you look after the plants?
The project was looked after me.
The project was looked after by me.
I look after to my health.
I look after my health.
I'm looking after for a new job.
I'm looking for a new job.
He looks after number one's interests.
He looks after number one.
الگوهای جملهسازی
I need someone to look after my ___ while I am ___.
It is important to look after your ___ if you want it to ___.
Who is going to look after the ___ for the ___?
Having to look after ___ taught me a lot about ___.
Real World Usage
I am looking after a Golden Retriever this weekend.
I looked after the budget for the entire marketing department.
Can someone look after Grandma on Tuesday?
Could you look after my seat while I go to the restroom?
He looks after the lawn every Saturday.
The nurses look after the patients around the clock.
جداشون نکن!
I look after my cat.
بریتانیایی یا آمریکایی
I will look after the kids.یا
I will take care of the kids.
درخواستهای مودبانه
Could you please look after my bag?
Smart Tips
Use 'look after' to sound more like a leader. It implies you are in control of the outcome.
Treat 'look after' as a single, long verb that cannot be broken. If you can't put a word inside 'care', don't put one inside 'look after'.
Always put the pronoun at the very end. Phrasal verbs like 'pick up' change order with pronouns, but 'look after' never does.
Place the adverb at the end of the sentence, not between 'look' and 'after'.
تلفظ
Stress Pattern
The primary stress is on the verb 'look', while 'after' is spoken more quickly and with less emphasis.
Linking
The 'k' in 'look' often links smoothly to the 'a' in 'after' in fast speech, sounding like 'loo-kafter'.
Falling Intonation
I'll look after it. ↘
Conveys a promise or a statement of fact.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of 'After' as 'Behind'. If you look after someone, you are 'watching their back' to keep them safe.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a mother duck walking in front and 'looking after' her ducklings who are following 'after' her in a line.
Rhyme
To keep it safe and keep it clean, look after things that must be seen.
Story
Once there was a boy who had a magic plant. He had to look after it every day. He looked after the water, he looked after the sunlight, and eventually, the plant looked after him by growing gold leaves.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Find three things in your room right now that you need to look after. Say out loud: 'I look after my [object] because [reason].'
نکات فرهنگی
In the UK, 'look after' is the standard way to talk about childcare. 'Babysitting' is the activity, but 'looking after' is the verb used most often in conversation.
Americans use 'look after' frequently, but 'take care of' is often the first choice in casual speech.
Using 'look after' in a CV or resume is seen as a positive trait, suggesting the candidate is reliable and capable of management without sounding overly aggressive.
The phrase dates back to Middle English. The word 'look' comes from Old English 'locian' (to see), and 'after' comes from 'æfter' (behind/following).
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
Who looks after your pets when you go on holiday?
What is the most difficult thing you have ever had to look after?
In your opinion, should the government look after everyone's health for free?
How do you look after your mental health during busy times?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
My sister _______ after my dog when I go on vacation.
My sister سوم شخص مفرد (she) هست، به فعل look حرف s اضافه میکنیم.Choose the best option:
look after یه فعل عبارتی جدا نشدنیه، پس مفعول (my keys) باید آخر جمله بیاد.Find and fix the mistake:
I am looking for the children in the garden so they stay safe.
looking for یعنی دنبال بچههای گمشده گشتن. looking after یعنی مراقبت کردن ازشون تا امن باشن.Score: /3
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesYesterday, I ___ my neighbor's cat.
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
She is look after the baby right now.
I take care of the garden every Sunday.
1. Look after, 2. Look for, 3. Look at
A: Can you help me? B: Sure, I can ___ your bags while you go.
Sentence: 'He looks his health after.'
after / will / your / who / dog / look / ?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesyour / who / looking / after / is / cat / ?
Ich muss mich um meine Pflanzen kümmern.
Match the following:
Which happened in the past?
You should look _____ yourself when you are sick.
She is looking her baby after.
will / I / after / your / look / luggage
They ______ after the office while I was on holiday.
Wer passt auf das Baby auf?
Match the pairs:
Score: /10
سوالات متداول (8)
No, 'after' is the only preposition needed. Adding 'to' is a common mistake. Just say `look after someone`.
Not at all! You can `look after` pets, plants, houses, cars, and even abstract things like a business or your health.
They are mostly the same. However, `take care of` can also mean 'to deal with a problem' or 'to kill someone' (in movies!), while `look after` is strictly about caring and maintenance.
It is neutral. You can use it with your friends, but it is also perfectly fine to use in a business meeting or a job interview.
No. Unlike some phrasal verbs, `look after` is inseparable. The object must always come after the word 'after'.
Similar, but `look after` is more active. If you 'watch' a baby, you might just be looking at them. If you `look after` a baby, you are responsible for their needs.
You can say `The dog is looked after by my sister`. Note that 'looked' and 'after' still stay together.
It is very common in both, but British English speakers use it slightly more frequently than Americans, who might prefer 'take care of'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Cuidar / Ocuparse de
English requires the particle 'after' to change the meaning of 'look'.
S'occuper de / Garder
The English structure is not reflexive and uses a phrasal verb.
Aufpassen auf / Sich kümmern um
German prepositions don't always map 1:1 with English particles.
世話をする (Sewa o suru)
Japanese uses a 'Noun + Verb' construction instead of a 'Verb + Particle' construction.
يعتني بـ (Ya'tani bi)
The direction of the prepositional logic differs.
照顾 (Zhàogù)
Chinese has no verb conjugation for tense, unlike 'look/looked/looking'.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
ویدیوهای مرتبط
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