财政的 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Relates to government/public money management and fiscal policy.
- Formal adjective used in news, economics, and professional contexts.
- Distinguished from '财务' (private) and '金融' (banking/markets).
- Common in terms like 'fiscal year' and 'fiscal deficit'.
The term 财政的 (cáizhèng de) is a formal adjective primarily used to describe matters related to public finance, government revenue, and expenditure. While in English 'financial' can cover everything from a personal bank account to a global bank, in Chinese, cáizhèng specifically leans toward the 'fiscal' or 'state-level financial' side of the spectrum. It is most commonly encountered in news reports, government documents, and economic discussions regarding how a country or a large organization manages its budget.
- Government Context
- This word is the standard term for anything involving the national treasury. For example, if the government is discussing a new tax law or a budget deficit, they will use the word '财政'. It implies a level of macro-scale management that goes beyond simple 'money' (钱 - qián).
政府正在面临严重的财政的压力，需要削减开支。(The government is facing serious financial pressure and needs to cut spending.)
When you use this word, you are signaling a professional or academic tone. You wouldn't use cáizhèng de to talk about your personal pocket money or your roommate's spending habits. Instead, you use it to talk about the 'big picture.' It encompasses taxation, public spending, government debt, and the overall health of the state's coffers. Understanding this word is crucial for anyone reading Chinese newspapers like the People's Daily or watching CCTV news, as economic stability is a frequent topic of national discourse.
- Institutional Usage
- Large institutions, universities, and non-profits also use '财政' to describe their institutional budgets. It suggests a formal system of accounting and auditing rather than just casual spending.
这家研究机构的财政的状况非常稳健。(The financial status of this research institution is very stable.)
Historically, the characters '财' (wealth/money) and '政' (government/administration) combine to literally mean 'the administration of wealth.' This etymological root explains why the word is so tied to the management of funds by a governing body. In modern China, the Ministry of Finance is called the '财政部' (Cáizhèng bù), highlighting the word's official status. If you are preparing for the HSK 4 or 5 exams, or if you intend to work in a business environment in China, mastering the nuances of '财政' versus '金融' (banking/finance) is essential for professional communication.
Using 财政的 (cáizhèng de) correctly requires placing it before a noun to modify it, or as part of a predicate describing a state's economic condition. Because it is a formal term, the surrounding vocabulary should also be relatively formal. You will often see it paired with words like '危机' (crisis), '改革' (reform), '支持' (support), and '透明' (transparency).
- Adjectival Placement
- When modifying a noun, use '财政的' to indicate that the following noun is related to public funds. Example: '财政的独立性' (Financial independence of the state).
为了实现财政的平衡，政府提高了税率。(To achieve fiscal balance, the government raised tax rates.)
In complex sentences, '财政的' can be used to contrast public funding with private investment. For example, '这不是私人的投资，而是财政的拨款' (This is not private investment, but a fiscal appropriation/government grant). This distinction is vital in legal and economic writing to clarify the source of funds. Furthermore, when describing a country's health, you might say '财政的健康状况' (fiscal health status).
- Describing Crises
- Use it to describe economic downturns at the state level. '财政的崩溃' (Fiscal collapse) is a strong term used for extreme situations like hyperinflation or sovereign default.
许多专家担心，过度借贷会导致财政的不稳定。(Many experts worry that excessive borrowing will lead to fiscal instability.)
When discussing international relations, '财政的' often appears in the context of aid or sanctions. '财政的援助' (financial aid) specifically refers to money given by one government to another. In your own writing, try to use '财政的' when you want to sound authoritative and precise about money management at an organizational or governmental level. Avoid using it for personal bank accounts, where '财务的' (cáiwù de) or simply '钱' (qián) would be more appropriate.
You will encounter 财政的 (cáizhèng de) most frequently in formal media, academic settings, and professional workplaces. If you turn on the evening news (新闻联播 - Xīnwén Liánbō), you will almost certainly hear this word within the first ten minutes, especially during segments about the national economy, the annual 'Two Sessions' (两会), or international trade summits.
- News & Media
- Journalists use '财政' to describe the state's budget. Headlines might read '国家财政的收入增加' (National fiscal revenue increases). It provides a sense of scale that words like '钱' cannot convey.
播音员说：‘今年政府将加大财政的投入，支持教育改革。’ (The announcer said: 'This year the government will increase fiscal investment to support education reform.')
Academic lectures in economics, political science, and public administration use '财政的' as a foundational term. Professors will discuss '财政的职能' (the functions of public finance), which include resource allocation, income distribution, and economic stabilization. In these contexts, the word is not just a descriptor but a technical term with specific theoretical implications. Similarly, in legal documents, '财政的' defines the scope of government power regarding money.
- Public Policy Debates
- When people debate whether the government should spend more on healthcare or the military, they are debating '财政的优先级' (fiscal priorities). This term elevates the discussion from a simple argument about money to a serious debate about governance.
在辩论中，代表们讨论了如何提高财政的透明度。(During the debate, delegates discussed how to improve fiscal transparency.)
Finally, you will see this word on official forms. If you are applying for a government grant or a tax refund in China, the paperwork will frequently use '财政' to refer to the funds in question. Even in casual conversation, if a person is discussing the economic state of their province or city, they might use '财政' to sound more informed and articulate. It is a word that commands respect and indicates a high level of Chinese proficiency.
The most frequent mistake learners make with 财政的 (cáizhèng de) is confusing it with other words that mean 'financial' or 'money-related,' specifically 财务 (cáiwù) and 金融 (jīnróng). While English often uses 'financial' for all three, Chinese is much more specific about the domain of the finance.
- Mistake: Using it for Personal Finance
- Learners often say '我的财政状况' (My fiscal situation). This sounds like you are a small country! For individuals or small businesses, use '财务' (cáiwù) or '经济' (jīngjì). Correct: '我的财务状况' (My financial situation).
❌ 我想请一个财政的顾问来帮我理财。(I want to hire a fiscal consultant to help me manage my money.)
✅ 我想请一个财务顾问来帮我理财。
Another common error is the over-use of '的' (de). In English, we say 'Financial Policy.' In Chinese, while you can say '财政的政策,' it is much more natural and common to say '财政政策.' Beginners often include '的' in every adjective-noun pair, but advanced learners know that technical terms often drop the '的' to form a more cohesive compound noun.
- Mistake: Confusing with '金融' (Jīnróng)
- '金融' refers to the financial system, banks, and stock markets. '财政' refers to government money. If you are talking about a bank's crisis, use '金融危机.' If you are talking about a government's debt crisis, use '财政危机.'
❌ 银行正在面临财政的风险。(The bank is facing fiscal risk.)
✅ 银行正在面临金融风险。
Lastly, remember that '财政' is almost exclusively an adjective or a noun. You cannot use it as a verb. You cannot '财政' a project; you can '拨款' (appropriate funds) or '资助' (subsidize) a project using '财政资金' (fiscal funds). Keeping these distinctions in mind will prevent your Chinese from sounding unnatural or confusing to native speakers.
To truly master 财政的 (cáizhèng de), you must understand how it compares to its close synonyms. Choosing the right word depends entirely on the domain of the money being discussed. Here is a breakdown of the most common alternatives and when to use them.
- 财政 (Cáizhèng) vs. 财务 (Cáiwù)
- 财政: Public, state, government-level. Think: National budget, taxes.
财务: Private, corporate, personal-level. Think: Company accounting, personal bills.
Example: A country has a 财政赤字 (fiscal deficit), but a company has a 财务报表 (financial statement). - 财政 (Cáizhèng) vs. 金融 (Jīnróng)
- 财政: Focuses on the collection and spending of money by the government.
金融: Focuses on the circulation of money, banking, and capital markets.
Example: 财政政策 (Fiscal policy - taxes/spending) vs. 货币政策 (Monetary policy - interest rates/banks).
政府的财政补贴帮助了许多金融机构渡过难关。(Government fiscal subsidies helped many financial institutions get through the crisis.)
Other words you might consider include 经济 (jīngjì), which is a broader term meaning 'economy.' If you aren't sure if something is specifically 'fiscal,' using '经济' is usually a safe bet. For example, '经济的压力' (economic pressure) is more general than '财政的压力' (fiscal pressure). Additionally, 资金 (zījīn) refers specifically to 'funds' or 'capital.' If you are talking about the actual money available, '资金' is the more precise noun.
- Summary Table
-
Word Level Primary Use 财政 State Taxes, Public Spending 财务 Business/Personal Accounting, Bookkeeping 金融 Market Banks, Stocks, Loans 经济 Macro General Economic Health
In summary, choose '财政' when you want to emphasize the role of the state or a large public institution. It is a word of 'power' and 'governance.' Use '财务' for everyday business and '金融' for the world of Wall Street and banking. Mastering these distinctions will make your Chinese sound professional and precise.
نکته جالب
The character '财' contains the '贝' (bèi) radical, which represents a cowrie shell. In ancient China, shells were used as currency, so most words related to money still feature this radical.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'zh' as a soft 'z' (keep the tongue curled).
- Missing the rising tone on 'cái'.
- Pronouncing 'de' with a full tone instead of a neutral one.
- Confusing 'zhèng' with 'zhēn'.
- Applying English stress patterns to the word.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
这是政府的财政部。
This is the government's Ministry of Finance.
Simple noun phrase using '的'.
财政是非常重要的。
Finance is very important.
Subject-predicate sentence.
他不明白财政这个词。
He doesn't understand the word 'finance'.
Using '这个词' to define the topic.
财政和钱有关。
Finance is related to money.
Using '和...有关' to show relationship.
这是关于财政的书。
This is a book about finance.
Using '关于' to indicate the topic.
财政部在那儿。
The Ministry of Finance is over there.
Simple locational sentence.
政府需要财政支持。
The government needs financial support.
Noun-noun compound (dropping '的').
财政问题很大。
The financial problem is big.
Simple adjective-noun phrase.
政府的财政计划很有名。
The government's fiscal plan is very famous.
Possessive structure with '的'.
我们需要解决财政的困难。
We need to solve the financial difficulties.
Verb + Object structure.
他在财政部工作。
He works in the Ministry of Finance.
Prepositional phrase '在...工作'.
财政的透明度很重要。
Financial transparency is important.
Abstract noun modified by '财政的'.
每年的财政预算都不同。
Every year's fiscal budget is different.
Using '每年' to show frequency.
这个国家的财政状况很好。
This country's financial status is very good.
Topic-comment structure.
财政的支出正在增加。
Fiscal expenditure is increasing.
Progressive aspect with '正在'.
老师解释了财政的定义。
The teacher explained the definition of finance.
Past action with '了'.
为了平衡财政的预算，政府削减了开支。
In order to balance the fiscal budget, the government cut spending.
Purpose clause with '为了'.
财政的改革对经济发展有好处。
Fiscal reform is good for economic development.
Using '对...有好处' for benefit.
新的财政政策下周开始实施。
The new fiscal policy will start to be implemented next week.
Future action with '下周'.
财政的独立性是该机构的关键。
Financial independence is the key to this institution.
Using '是...的关键' for emphasis.
由于财政的压力，他们不得不推迟计划。
Due to financial pressure, they had to postpone the plan.
Causal link with '由于'.
政府通过提高税收来增加财政收入。
The government increases fiscal revenue by raising taxes.
Means/method using '通过...来'.
财政的拨款被用于建设新的学校。
The fiscal appropriation was used to build new schools.
Passive voice with '被'.
我们需要一份详细的财政报告。
We need a detailed financial report.
Using '一份' as a classifier for reports.
财政的赤字已经达到了历史最高水平。
The fiscal deficit has reached an all-time high.
Resultative complement '达到'.
国家正在优化财政的支出结构。
The state is optimizing the structure of fiscal expenditure.
Abstract verbal noun '优化'.
财政的补贴在一定程度上缓解了企业的压力。
Fiscal subsidies have eased the pressure on companies to some extent.
Qualification using '在一定程度上'.
加强财政的监督是防止腐败的重要手段。
Strengthening fiscal supervision is an important means to prevent corruption.
Gerund-like subject '加强...'.
该地区的财政自给能力较弱。
The fiscal self-sufficiency of this region is relatively weak.
Comparative adjective '较弱'.
财政的稳健运行对社会稳定至关重要。
The steady operation of public finance is crucial to social stability.
Formal emphasis '至关重要'.
这次会议重点讨论了财政的透明化问题。
The meeting focused on the issue of fiscal transparency.
Topic focus using '重点讨论'.
财政的激励措施吸引了更多的外资。
Fiscal incentive measures attracted more foreign investment.
Resultative '吸引了'.
财政的集权与分权一直是改革的核心议题。
Fiscal centralization and decentralization have always been core issues of reform.
Binary opposition '集权与分权'.
我们需要审慎评估财政政策的长期影响。
We need to carefully evaluate the long-term impact of fiscal policy.
Adverbial modifier '审慎'.
财政的脆弱性可能引发连锁反应，导致经济危机。
Fiscal vulnerability could trigger a chain reaction, leading to an economic crisis.
Modal verb '可能' indicating potentiality.
政府通过发行国债来弥补财政的缺口。
The government covers the fiscal gap by issuing national bonds.
Verb phrase '弥补...缺口'.
财政的可持续性取决于人口结构的变化。
Fiscal sustainability depends on changes in the demographic structure.
Dependency structure '取决于'.
该项政策旨在提高财政资金的使用效率。
The policy aims to improve the efficiency of the use of fiscal funds.
Formal purpose '旨在'.
财政的公平性在资源分配中起着决定性作用。
Fiscal fairness plays a decisive role in resource allocation.
Idiomatic '起着...作用'.
我们要警惕财政风险向金融体系的传导。
We must be alert to the transmission of fiscal risks to the financial system.
Verb '警惕' + complex object.
宏观调控需兼顾财政的扩张与紧缩。
Macro-control needs to balance fiscal expansion and contraction.
Highly formal '兼顾' (give consideration to both).
财政的自动稳定器在经济衰退期发挥了重要作用。
Fiscal automatic stabilizers played an important role during the economic recession.
Technical economic term '自动稳定器'.
地方政府的财政债务问题已引起高层的高度关注。
The fiscal debt problems of local governments have drawn high-level attention.
Complex subject with multiple modifiers.
深化财政体制改革是完善国家治理体系的必然要求。
Deepening the reform of the fiscal system is an inevitable requirement for improving the national governance system.
Formal '必然要求' (inevitable requirement).
财政的转移支付制度有助于缩小地区间的贫富差距。
The fiscal transfer payment system helps to narrow the gap between rich and poor regions.
Technical term '转移支付' (transfer payment).
在全球化背景下，财政的竞争日益加剧。
In the context of globalization, fiscal competition is intensifying day by day.
Temporal adverb '日益' (day by day).
该论文深入剖析了财政赤字对通货膨胀的影响机制。
The paper deeply analyzes the mechanism of the impact of fiscal deficits on inflation.
Academic verb '剖析' (to analyze deeply).
财政的纪律约束是确保宏观经济稳定的基石。
Fiscal discipline constraints are the cornerstone of ensuring macroeconomic stability.
Metaphorical use of '基石' (cornerstone).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— The Minister of Finance. The head of the government department.
财政部长发表了讲话。
— Financial autonomy. The ability to manage one's own funds.
这个省份拥有高度的财政自主权。
— Fiscal discipline. Strictness in managing public money.
我们必须加强财政纪律。
— Fiscal system. The structure of government finance.
中国的财政体系正在改革。
— Fiscal balance. When revenue equals expenditure.
实现财政平衡是我们的目标。
— Fiscal stimulus. Government spending to boost the economy.
政府推出了大规模的财政刺激方案。
— Fiscal regulations/system. The legal rules for finance.
我们要完善财政制度。
— Fiscal audit. Checking the government's books.
财政审计结果已经公布。
— Fiscal burden. The weight of spending or debt.
人口老龄化加重了财政负担。
— Source of fiscal funds. Where the money comes from.
该项目的财政来源主要靠税收。
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To open new sources of income and cut down on expenditure. Often used in fiscal discussions.
在财政困难时期，政府必须开源节流。
Formal/Idiomatic— To live within one's means; to base spending on income. A core principle of fiscal health.
财政预算应遵循量入为出的原则。
Formal— Enrich the country and strengthen the military. The ultimate goal of historical fiscal policy.
古代改革者追求富国强兵。
Literary— When the people are wealthy, the country is strong. Connects people's wealth to fiscal health.
只有民富国强，财政才能稳健。
Political— To stuff one's own pockets. Used when fiscal funds are stolen by officials.
他利用职务之便，中饱私囊。
Derogatory— To sit and eat until the mountain is hollow. Warning against spending fiscal reserves without income.
如果不开源，政府只会坐吃山空。
Colloquial/Warning— Careful calculation and strict budgeting. Used for managing fiscal accounts.
财政部必须精打细算每一分钱。
Commendatory— To throw away money like dirt. Criticizing wasteful fiscal spending.
政府不能在一项无用的工程上一掷千金。
Critical— Pulling down the jacket to hide the elbows. Used when the fiscal budget is extremely tight.
由于收入减少，该市财政已捉襟见肘。
Descriptive— Adding flowers to brocade. When fiscal aid is given to an already wealthy area.
给富裕地区补贴只是锦上添花。
Metaphoricalخانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of 'Cái' as 'Cash' and 'Zhèng' as 'Z-Government'. Cash-Government-De. Fiscal!
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a giant golden 'Cái' (财) character sitting on top of a government building (政). The '的' is the glue holding them together.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to use '财政的' in a sentence that also includes the word '政府' (government) and '预算' (budget).
ریشه کلمه
The term '财政' (Cáizhèng) was introduced to modern Chinese from Japanese (where it is 'Zaisei') during the late Qing Dynasty to translate Western concepts of public finance. '财' (cái) means wealth or money, and '政' (zhèng) means government or administration.
معنای اصلی: The administration of wealth, specifically by the state.
Sino-Tibetan (Chinese).بافت فرهنگی
Discussions about a country's '财政危机' can be sensitive in a political context. Use objective data if discussing this in China.
English speakers often use 'financial' for everything. In Chinese, you must separate 'fiscal' (government) from 'financial' (banks/personal).
Summary
The word '财政的' is your go-to term for 'fiscal' or 'state-level financial' matters. For example, '财政政策' (fiscal policy) is the standard way to describe government spending and tax rules.
- Relates to government/public money management and fiscal policy.
- Formal adjective used in news, economics, and professional contexts.
- Distinguished from '财务' (private) and '金融' (banking/markets).
- Common in terms like 'fiscal year' and 'fiscal deficit'.
محتوای مرتبط
این کلمه در زبانهای دیگر
واژههای بیشتر business
本事
A2Skill; ability; capability.
相应地
B1به همان نسبت / بر این اساس. برای نشان دادن اینکه اقدامی متناسب با تغییر قبلی انجام میشود استفاده میشود.
账号
A2شماره حساب یا شناسه کاربری که برای دسترسی به خدمات بانکی یا آنلاین استفاده میشود.
客户经理
A2مدیر حساب که مسئول مدیریت روابط با مشتریان است.
账户
B1A record of financial transactions for an individual or business, usually at a bank; or a user profile for a digital service.
会计
A2حسابدار فردی است که سوابق مالی را مدیریت میکند.
收购
B1خریدن یا تصاحب یک شرکت.
商业活动
A2Business activity.
广告费
A2هزینه تبلیغات. پولی که برای ترویج یک محصول یا خدمات پرداخت میشود.
调整
B1ما باید استراتژی بازاریابی خود را برای سه ماهه آینده تنظیم کنیم.
