Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of relaying information and expressing complex regrets with precision and native-level flow.
- Report statements and commands accurately using correct tense shifts.
- Formulate polite indirect questions to sound more professional.
- Express hypothetical past regrets using the third conditional structure.
배울 내용
In this chapter, you're going to master Portuguese like a native speaker! No more worrying about how to tell someone what another person said, or how to express those deep regrets about past actions you wish you could change. We're diving deep into indirect speech. You'll learn how to accurately report statements like He said that... and correctly shift tenses, for instance, reporting
He said he was ill(not
he is ill). These advanced rules will equip you to speak politely, professionally, and precisely.
Imagine you're at a friendly gathering or a business meeting, and you need to relay someone else's words or ask a question very courteously, such as: He asked if we could go?(instead of a blunt
Can we go?). Or perhaps you're reflecting on a past decision and wish to say, If I had known, I never would have done that.This chapter will teach you how to perfectly convey true regret with phrases like
If... this would have happened.... By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to flawlessly report conversations, confidently ask indirect questions, and discuss past actions or inactions with the nuance and sophistication of a native Portuguese speaker. Your speech won't just be correct; it'll be natural and eloquent. Ready? Let's dive in!
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간접 화법 (그는 ~라고 말했다)과거의 대화를 전할 때는 시제를 한 단계 과거로 미루는 것이 핵심이에요!
Presente는Imperfeito로,Futuro는Condicional로 바꾸고 장소도Aqui에서 «Lá»로 바꿔주면 완벽해요. -
간접 의문문: Se와 의문사 사용하기포르투갈어에서
se나 의문사를 활용하면 훨씬 정중하고 세련된 느낌을 줄 수 있어요.se,onde,quem같은 단어들을 문장 사이의 다리라고 생각해보세요. -
간접 명령 (Discurso Indireto - Imperativo)누군가의 명령이나 부탁을 전달할 때는
para + infinitive또는que + subjunctive조합을 사용하면 완벽해요. -
간접 화법: 현재에서 불완전 과거로 (그는 ~라고 말했다)과거에 누군가 했던 말을 옮길 때는 현재 시제를 한 단계 과거인
Imperfeito로 바꾸고, 문장 사이에que나se를 넣어 연결하는 것이 핵심이에요. -
과거 시제 간접 화법 (Ele disse que...)When the main verb is in the past (disse, perguntou), move the reported verb one step back in time.
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과거 속의 미래: 누군가가 '할 것이라고' 말한 내용 전달하기 (Iria)과거에 했던 약속이나 계획을 보고할 때는 미래형 대신
iria,faria같은 조건법을 사용해서 시제를 맞춰주세요. -
가정법 과거완료 (내가 알았더라면...)과거의 후회나 가정을 말할 땐
tivesse와teria그리고 «과거분사»만 조합하면 완벽해요! -
가정법 과거완료: 과거의 후회 (Se eu tivesse...)과거의 일을 '만약 ~했더라면, ~했을 텐데'라고 가정할 때는
Se tivesse와teria(혹은 구어체tinha)를 세트로 기억하세요!
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: accurately report what someone said in a professional context.
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2
By the end you will be able to: express deep past regrets using conditional structures.
챕터 가이드
Overview
He said that... or She asked if.... This involves crucial tense shifting rules that distinguish a B2 speaker from an intermediate one.If I had known, I would have...– to convey deep reflection and hypothetical past scenarios.
How This Grammar Works
Eu estou cansado (I am tired), you'd report it as: Ele disse que estava cansado. (He said that he was tired.) The present estou becomes the imperfect estava.Você pode vir? (Can you come?) becomes: Ela perguntou se eu podia vir. (She asked if I could come.) And Onde você mora? (Where do you live?) becomes: Ele perguntou onde eu morava. (He asked where I lived.)Vá embora! (Go away!) can be reported as: Ele me pediu para ir embora. (He asked me to go away.)Eu vou viajar amanhã(I will travel tomorrow), you report it as: Ele disse que iria viajar no dia seguinte. (He said he would travel the next day.)
if clause) with the conditional perfect (for the main clause). This structure, Se eu tivesse... teria... (If I had...Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong:
Ele disse que *está* ocupado.
(He said that he *is* busy.)
Ele disse que *estava* ocupado.(He said that he *was* busy.)
- 1✗ Wrong:
Ela perguntou: *Você vem?*
(She asked: *Are you coming?*)
Ela perguntou *se eu viria*.(She asked *if I would come*.)
se (if) for yes/no questions, and the verb tense often shifts. The direct question mark is removed, and the sentence structure changes to that of a statement.- 1✗ Wrong:
Se eu *sabia*, eu *não faria* isso.
(If I *knew*, I *wouldn't do* that.)
Se eu *tivesse sabido*, eu *não teria feito* isso.(If I *had known*, I *wouldn't have done* that.)
if clause (tivesse sabido) and the conditional perfect in the result clause (teria feito).Real Conversations
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Quick FAQ
How do you report a past statement in Portuguese when the original statement was in the present?
You generally shift the present tense to the imperfect tense. For example, Eu estou feliz becomes
Ele disse que estava feliz.
What is the Portuguese third conditional used for?
The Portuguese third conditional (Se eu tivesse... teria...) is used to express hypothetical situations in the past and their unrealized consequences, often conveying regret or what *would have happened* if things had been different.
When do I use iria in reported speech?
You use iria (the conditional form of ir) to express the
future in the past,reporting what someone said they *would do* from a past perspective. For example,
Ela disse que iria viajar.
Are there alternatives to dizer que for reported speech in Portuguese?
Yes, verbs like contar que (to tell that), afirmar que (to affirm that), mencionar que (to mention that), or explicar que (to explain that) can also be used, depending on the nuance you want to convey.
Cultural Context
주요 예문 (8)
O Pedro disse que não ia à festa porque estava doente.
페드로는 아파서 파티에 가지 않겠다고 말했어요.
간접 화법 (그는 ~라고 말했다)O Tiago disse que não podia ir à festa.
Tiago said he couldn't go to the party.
과거 시제 간접 화법 (Ele disse que...)Ela perguntou se eu já tinha visto o novo episódio.
She asked if I had already seen the new episode.
과거 시제 간접 화법 (Ele disse que...)Se você tivesse me avisado, eu não teria vindo.
네가 나한테 미리 알려줬더라면, 나는 안 왔을 거야.
가정법 과거완료: 과거의 후회 (Se eu tivesse...)Se a gente tivesse saído antes, não tinha pego esse trânsito.
우리가 좀 더 일찍 나왔더라면, 차가 이렇게 막히지 않았을 텐데.
가정법 과거완료: 과거의 후회 (Se eu tivesse...)팁과 요령 (4)
'Que' 생략의 비밀
Ele diz que vai vir hoje.
'Que'의 함정
Eu perguntei onde ela estava.
"Para" 지름길 활용하기
Ele pediu para falar.
접착제 'Que'를 잊지 마세요
Ele disse que estava doente.
핵심 어휘 (6)
Real-World Preview
Office Update
Review Summary
- Verbo + que + oração
- Se + pretérito mais-que-perfeito subjuntivo + futuro do pretérito composto
자주 하는 실수
When the reporting verb is in the past, the reported verb must shift back.
Indirect questions need the correct interrogative particle.
The 'if' clause in the third conditional must use the subjunctive.
이 챕터의 규칙 (8)
Next Steps
You've tackled some of the hardest grammar in Portuguese! Keep practicing these structures in your daily conversations.
Listen to a Portuguese podcast and try to summarize what the host said using indirect speech.
빠른 연습 (10)
Ele disse: 'Eu como'. -> Ele disse que ___.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 과거 시제 간접 화법 (Ele disse que...)
Se você ___ (estudar) mais, teria passado na prova.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 가정법 과거완료: 과거의 후회 (Se eu tivesse...)
Se você teria me ligado, eu teria atendido.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 가정법 과거완료 (내가 알았더라면...)
'내가 갔더라면, 봤을 텐데'라는 뜻의 문장은?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 가정법 과거완료: 과거의 후회 (Se eu tivesse...)
Find and fix the mistake:
O João disse ontem que viria hoje, mas ele disse isso semana passada.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 간접 화법 (그는 ~라고 말했다)
Você sabe que horas são.
Você sabe...?)이라면 문장 끝에 물음표를 붙여야 합니다.frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 간접 의문문: Se와 의문사 사용하기
올바른 간접 화법을 선택하세요:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 간접 화법 (그는 ~라고 말했다)
가장 좋은 옵션을 선택하세요:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 간접 의문문: Se와 의문사 사용하기
Se eu tivesse acordado cedo, eu não perdi o ônibus.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 가정법 과거완료: 과거의 후회 (Se eu tivesse...)
Eu não sei ___ ele mora.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 간접 의문문: Se와 의문사 사용하기
Score: /10
자주 묻는 질문 (6)
Ele diz que está feliz는 현재 상태를 그대로 전하는 것이죠.
I want to know if...라고 말하면 훨씬 정중해지죠.
se를 쓰고, 확실한 사실에는 que를 써요. Não sei se ele vem.(올지 모르겠어)처럼요.
Pedir를 써야 해요: Ele me pediu para sair.
Ele pediu que ficasse.만약 동사원형 방법을 쓴다면 'para'를 대신 사용하세요:
Ele pediu para ficar.