B1 Past Tense 11 min read Medium

Past Duration: Pendant vs Depuis (Passé Composé/Imparfait)

Choose pendant for finished boxes of time and depuis for ongoing background states in your past stories.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'depuis' for actions still happening and 'pendant' for actions that are finished.

  • Depuis + present tense = action started in the past and continues now (e.g., J'habite ici depuis 2 ans).
  • Pendant + passé composé = action that happened for a specific, completed duration (e.g., J'ai dormi pendant 8 heures).
  • Pendant + futur = action that will happen for a specific duration (e.g., Je resterai pendant 3 jours).
Depuis: [Past] ➔ ➔ ➔ [Present] | Pendant: [Past] ➔ ➔ [Past]

Overview

Mastering the expression of past duration in French is a key differentiator for intermediate learners. While English often uses a single preposition like “for” or “since” for various temporal references, French demands precise distinctions. You must correctly choose between pendant, depuis, il y a, and en based on the aspect of the action—whether it’s a completed block of time, an ongoing state up to a certain past point, a point in time in the past, or the time taken to complete an action.

This choice is intrinsically linked to the verb tense you employ, primarily the passé composé (perfective aspect) or the imparfait (imperfective aspect). Understanding this grammatical interplay allows you to narrate events with native-like accuracy, moving beyond simple factual statements to convey nuanced temporal relationships.

Conjugation Table

Personne Conjugation Example
:-------- :----------------- :---------------
Je/J' ai parlé J'ai parlé
Tu as parlé Tu as parlé
Il/Elle/On a parlé Il a parlé
Nous avons parlé Nous avons parlé
Vous avez parlé Vous avez parlé
Ils/Elles ont parlé Ils ont parlé
Personne Conjugation Example
:-------- :----------------- :---------------
Je/J' parlais Je parlais
Tu parlais Tu parlais
Il/Elle/On parlait Il parlait
Nous parlions Nous parlions
Vous parliez Vous parliez
Ils/Elles parlaient Ils parlaient
Personne Conjugation Example (m/f)
:-------- :----------------- :---------------
Je/J' suis allé(e) Je suis allé
Tu es allé(e) Tu es allée
Il/Elle/On est allé(e) Elle est allée
Nous sommes allé(e)s Nous sommes allés
Vous êtes allé(e)(s) Vous êtes allées
Ils/Elles sont allé(e)s Ils sont allés
Personne Conjugation Example
:-------- :----------------- :---------------
Je/J' allais J'allais
Tu allais Tu allais
Il/Elle/On allait Il allait
Nous allions Nous allions
Vous alliez Vous alliez
Ils/Elles allaient Ils allaient

How This Grammar Works

French temporal expressions fundamentally distinguish between two verbal aspects: the perfective (viewing an action as a completed whole) and the imperfective (viewing an action as ongoing, habitual, or in progress). This core linguistic principle dictates which duration marker you choose and which past tense you pair it with.
Pendant (for / during) is used to express a completed duration of an action or event in the past. The action began and ended within the specified timeframe. It frames the duration as a single, bounded block of time.
This perfective view aligns perfectly with the passé composé, which describes completed, punctual actions. When you say J'ai travaillé pendant huit heures (I worked for eight hours), you are stating that the eight-hour period of work is entirely finished and contained within the past. The focus is on the totality of the duration.
Depuis (for / since) has a different function. When referring to the past, depuis with the imparfait describes an action or state that had been ongoing at a specific point in the past, typically until another event occurred. This highlights the process or state of the action leading up to that point, emphasizing its imperfective aspect.
For example, J'attendais depuis une heure quand il est arrivé (I had been waiting for an hour when he arrived). Here, the waiting was in progress, setting the scene for his arrival. The imparfait maintains this sense of continuity in the past.
Crucially, if an action began in the past and is still ongoing at the moment of speaking, depuis is used with the présent tense (J'étudie le français depuis deux ans - I have been studying French for two years). This distinction is vital: imparfait for past ongoing action, présent for present ongoing action, both initiated in the past.
Il y a (ago) precisely indicates when a completed action occurred relative to the present moment. It marks a definite point in the past and is always paired with the passé composé. J'ai vu ce film il y a une semaine (I saw this film a week ago) uses il y a to anchor the single event of seeing the film to a specific time point in the past.
It does not describe a duration but rather positions an event in time. Think of it as a past time marker, not a duration marker in the same sense as pendant or depuis.
Finally, en (in) specifies the time taken to complete an action. It emphasizes the efficiency or speed with which an action reached its completion and is therefore always used with the passé composé. J'ai lu le livre en trois jours (I read the book in three days) signifies that the entire act of reading the book was completed within that three-day span.
This highlights the process to completion within a timeframe, rather than the entire duration of the act itself.
These distinctions are not merely lexical; they reflect the inherent way French speakers conceptualize and categorize temporal events, demanding a careful consideration of verb aspect to convey meaning accurately.

Formation Pattern

1
Each duration marker follows a specific grammatical structure, dictating its position and the verb tense it requires. Mastering these patterns is fundamental for correct usage.
2
1. Pendant (for / during)
3
Meaning: Expresses the total, completed duration of a past action or event. The action has a clear beginning and end within the past.
4
Tense: Almost exclusively with the passé composé.
5
Structure: Subject + Passé Composé + (pendant) + duration (Note: pendant can sometimes be omitted if the meaning is clear from context, but its inclusion is always correct and often preferred for clarity.)
6
Examples:
7
Elle a voyagé pendant deux semaines. (She traveled for two weeks. - The entire travel period is over.)
8
Nous avons attendu pendant une heure. (We waited for an hour. - The waiting is completed.)
9
J'ai vécu à Berlin pendant trois ans avant de revenir. (I lived in Berlin for three years before coming back. - The living period ended.)
10
2. Depuis (for / since)
11
Meaning (Past Context): Expresses an action or state that had been ongoing in the past up to another specific past event or point.
12
Tense: Exclusively with the imparfait for ongoing past actions/states.
13
Structure: Subject + Imparfait + depuis + (point in time OR duration)
14
Examples:
15
Il pleuvait depuis le matin quand nous sommes sortis. (It had been raining since the morning when we went out. - The rain was ongoing.)
16
Elle travaillait depuis des heures quand son chef l'a appelée. (She had been working for hours when her boss called her. - The work was in progress.)
17
Nous habitions là depuis dix ans quand la maison a brûlé. (We had been living there for ten years when the house burned down. - The living was ongoing.)
18
Important Note (for context): When depuis describes an action that started in the past and is still ongoing in the present, it is used with the présent tense:
19
J'apprends le français depuis trois ans. (I have been learning French for three years, and I'm still learning.)
20
3. Il y a (ago)
21
Meaning: Pinpoints how long ago a completed action occurred relative to the present moment. It indicates a starting point, not a duration.
22
Tense: Always with the passé composé.
23
Structure: Subject + Passé Composé + il y a + duration
24
Examples:
25
Ils sont partis il y a une heure. (They left an hour ago. - The departure is a completed event.)
26
J'ai rencontré Sophie il y a deux ans. (I met Sophie two years ago. - The meeting is a past, completed event.)
27
On a acheté cette voiture il y a six mois. (We bought this car six months ago. - The purchase is completed.)
28
4. En (in / within)
29
Meaning: Specifies the time taken to complete an action. It focuses on the duration of the process of achieving something.
30
Tense: Always with the passé composé.
31
Structure: Subject + Passé Composé + en + duration
32
Examples:
33
J'ai fini le projet en deux jours. (I finished the project in two days. - It took two days to complete.)
34
Elle a lu le livre en trois heures. (She read the book in three hours. - It took three hours to read the entire book.)
35
Nous avons parcouru la distance en vingt minutes. (We covered the distance in twenty minutes. - The traversal was completed in that time.)

When To Use It

Understanding the nuanced contexts for each duration marker is crucial for accurate expression. Think about the aspect and completeness of the action you wish to convey.
Use Pendant (Passé Composé) when:
  • You are describing a completed action that lasted for a specific, finite period in the past. The action's entire duration is over.
  • J'ai étudié le français pendant cinq ans à l'université. (The five years of studying are entirely in the past; I no longer study there.)
  • You want to specify the total length of a single past event or a series of events viewed as a block.
  • Elle a couru pendant une heure avant de s'arrêter. (The one hour of running is a finished segment of time.)
Use Depuis (Imparfait) when:
  • You are describing an action or state that had been in progress in the past and continued up to another specific past event or moment.
  • Il neigeait depuis le matin quand l'école a fermé. (It had been snowing since the morning, and the snowing was ongoing at the time of school closing.)
  • You are setting the scene or providing background information about an ongoing situation in the past.
  • J'attendais mon train depuis trente minutes quand j'ai vu mon ami. (I had been waiting for thirty minutes; the waiting was ongoing background for seeing my friend.)
Use Il y a (Passé Composé) when:
  • You want to state how long ago a specific, completed event took place, relative to the present.
  • Nous avons déménagé il y a six mois. (The act of moving happened six months ago.)
  • You are providing a precise timestamp for a past action, essentially answering “When did X happen?”
  • Le film est sorti il y a trois ans. (The release of the film was three years ago.)
Use En (Passé Composé) when:
  • You want to highlight the time required to complete an action or achieve a result. It emphasizes the process to finalization.
  • Elle a écrit son roman en un an. (It took her one year to finish writing her novel.)
  • You are emphasizing the duration within which something was accomplished.
  • J'ai préparé le dîner en vingt minutes. (The entire dinner preparation was completed within twenty minutes.)

Common Mistakes

Navigating past duration can be challenging. Here are some of the most frequent errors learners make and how to avoid them:
  • Confusing pendant and depuis for completed past actions: A common error is using depuis with passé composé to express a completed duration, which is incorrect for B1 level usage. You might hear J'ai étudié depuis deux heures hier when you mean J'ai étudié pendant deux heures hier. Remember, pendant + passé composé = completed duration in the past.
  • Incorrect tense with depuis for ongoing past actions: Learners often use passé composé instead of imparfait when expressing an action that was ongoing up to another past event. For instance, J'ai attendu depuis une heure quand il est arrivé is incorrect. The continuous nature demands imparfait: J'attendais depuis une heure quand il est arrivé. (I had been waiting for an hour...). Depuis with passé composé for an ongoing past action is generally unidiomatic and creates ambiguity.
  • Using il y a for duration instead of a point in time: While il y a translates to

Tense Usage with Duration

Preposition Tense Status Example
Depuis
Présent
Ongoing
Je travaille depuis 2h
Pendant
Passé Composé
Finished
J'ai travaillé pendant 2h
Pendant
Futur
Planned
Je travaillerai pendant 2h

Meanings

These prepositions define how long an action lasts. 'Depuis' links the past to the present, while 'pendant' marks a bounded duration.

1

Ongoing duration

Action started in the past and continues into the present.

“Il pleut depuis ce matin.”

“Je t'attends depuis une heure.”

2

Completed duration

A specific, finished period of time.

“J'ai voyagé pendant un mois.”

“Il a étudié pendant trois heures.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Past Duration: Pendant vs Depuis (Passé Composé/Imparfait)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
S + V(pres) + depuis + time
Je dors depuis 8h
Negative
S + ne + V(pres) + pas + depuis + time
Je ne dors pas depuis 8h
Question
Depuis quand + S + V(pres) ?
Depuis quand dors-tu ?
Past
S + V(pc) + pendant + time
J'ai dormi pendant 8h
Future
S + V(fut) + pendant + time
Je dormirai pendant 8h

Formality Spectrum

Formal
J'attends depuis une heure.

J'attends depuis une heure. (Waiting for a friend)

Neutral
J'attends depuis une heure.

J'attends depuis une heure. (Waiting for a friend)

Informal
Ça fait une heure que j'attends.

Ça fait une heure que j'attends. (Waiting for a friend)

Slang
Ça fait une plombe que j'attends.

Ça fait une plombe que j'attends. (Waiting for a friend)

Duration Logic

Duration

Ongoing

  • Depuis Since/For

Finished

  • Pendant For

Examples by Level

1

Je mange depuis 10 minutes.

I have been eating for 10 minutes.

2

J'ai dormi pendant 8 heures.

I slept for 8 hours.

3

Il travaille depuis lundi.

He has been working since Monday.

4

J'ai joué pendant une heure.

I played for an hour.

1

Nous habitons ici depuis deux ans.

We have lived here for two years.

2

Elle a étudié pendant tout l'après-midi.

She studied for the whole afternoon.

3

Je ne fume plus depuis un mois.

I haven't smoked for a month.

4

Il a voyagé pendant trois semaines.

He traveled for three weeks.

1

Depuis quand apprends-tu le français ?

How long have you been learning French?

2

J'ai attendu le bus pendant vingt minutes.

I waited for the bus for 20 minutes.

3

Elle est malade depuis mardi dernier.

She has been sick since last Tuesday.

4

Nous avons discuté pendant des heures.

We talked for hours.

1

Cela fait longtemps que je ne l'ai pas vu.

It's been a long time since I saw him.

2

Il a occupé ce poste pendant cinq ans.

He held this position for five years.

3

Je travaille sur ce projet depuis le début du mois.

I have been working on this project since the start of the month.

4

Le film a duré pendant deux heures.

The movie lasted for two hours.

1

Depuis lors, tout a changé.

Since then, everything has changed.

2

Il a régné pendant une décennie.

He reigned for a decade.

3

Depuis que je suis arrivé, il pleut.

Since I arrived, it has been raining.

4

Elle a vécu en exil pendant vingt ans.

She lived in exile for twenty years.

1

Depuis toujours, cette tradition existe.

This tradition has existed forever.

2

Il a été emprisonné pendant de longues années.

He was imprisoned for long years.

3

Depuis peu, les prix ont augmenté.

Recently, prices have increased.

4

Elle a gardé le silence pendant tout le trajet.

She remained silent during the whole trip.

Easily Confused

Past Duration: Pendant vs Depuis (Passé Composé/Imparfait) vs Depuis vs Il y a

Learners mix up duration (depuis) with time ago (il y a).

Past Duration: Pendant vs Depuis (Passé Composé/Imparfait) vs Pendant vs Pour

Both mean 'for' in English.

Past Duration: Pendant vs Depuis (Passé Composé/Imparfait) vs Depuis vs Pendant (Present Tense)

Using pendant with present.

Common Mistakes

J'habite ici pendant 2 ans.

J'habite ici depuis 2 ans.

Ongoing action requires depuis.

J'ai travaillé ici depuis 2020.

Je travaille ici depuis 2020.

Depuis needs present tense.

Il pleut pendant 3 heures.

Il pleut depuis 3 heures.

Still raining.

Je t'attends pendant une heure.

Je t'attends depuis une heure.

Still waiting.

Depuis quand tu es ici ?

Depuis combien de temps es-tu ici ?

Depuis quand is for a point in time, not duration.

J'ai dormi depuis 8 heures.

J'ai dormi pendant 8 heures.

Action is finished.

Il a mangé depuis 10 minutes.

Il a mangé pendant 10 minutes.

Finished action.

Je ne l'ai pas vu pendant 3 jours.

Je ne l'ai pas vu depuis 3 jours.

Negative duration often uses depuis.

Pendant que je suis ici, je travaille.

Tant que je suis ici, je travaille.

Pendant que is for 'while', not duration.

Ça fait 2 ans que j'ai habité ici.

Ça fait 2 ans que j'habite ici.

Tense consistency.

Depuis que je suis arrivé, j'ai travaillé.

Depuis que je suis arrivé, je travaille.

Ongoing state.

Il a régné depuis 10 ans.

Il a régné pendant 10 ans.

Historical past.

Elle est partie depuis une heure.

Elle est partie il y a une heure.

Depuis is for duration, il y a for time ago.

Sentence Patterns

Je ___ depuis ___.

J'ai ___ pendant ___.

Depuis quand ___ ?

Je ne ___ pas depuis ___.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

J'attends depuis 10 min !

Job Interview very common

Je travaille ici depuis 5 ans.

Travel common

J'ai voyagé pendant 2 semaines.

Social Media common

Je suis fan depuis toujours.

Food Delivery occasional

J'attends ma commande depuis 1h.

Medical common

J'ai mal depuis hier.

💡

The Present Tense Rule

If you see 'depuis', check if the verb is in the present tense. It almost always is.
⚠️

Avoid 'Pendant' + Present

This is the most common error. If you are still doing it, 'pendant' is wrong.
🎯

Negative Sentences

In negative sentences, 'depuis' means 'haven't done it for'. It's very useful.
💬

Regional Variations

In Canada, 'ça fait... que' is very common and sounds more natural than 'depuis' in casual speech.

Smart Tips

Always use 'depuis' + present tense.

J'ai travaillé ici pour 2 ans. Je travaille ici depuis 2 ans.

Use 'pendant' for the duration of the events.

Je suis à Paris depuis 3 jours (and I left). J'ai été à Paris pendant 3 jours.

Use 'Depuis combien de temps' for ongoing.

Depuis quand tu es ici ? Depuis combien de temps es-tu ici ?

Use 'pendant' for the duration of the trip.

Je pars pour 2 semaines. Je pars pendant 2 semaines.

Pronunciation

/pɑ̃dɑ̃tœ̃/

Liaison

Pendant un... (Pendant-t-un).

Rising for questions

Depuis combien de temps ? ↗

Inquiry

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Depuis = 'De' (from) + 'puis' (then). It starts in the past and pulls to now.

Visual Association

Imagine a long rope. 'Depuis' is a rope still held in your hand. 'Pendant' is a rope cut and lying on the floor.

Rhyme

Si ça continue, depuis est élu. Si c'est fini, pendant est choisi.

Story

Marie is waiting for a bus. She has been waiting 'depuis' 10 minutes. Finally, the bus arrives. She sits on the bus 'pendant' 30 minutes until she reaches home. Now she is home, so she is no longer waiting.

Word Web

DepuisPendantTempsDuréePasséPrésent

Challenge

Write 3 sentences about your day: one thing you are still doing (depuis) and two things you finished (pendant).

Cultural Notes

French speakers are very precise about tense. Using the wrong one sounds like you don't know if you're still doing the task.

Commonly use 'ça fait... que' for duration.

Similar usage to standard French, but 'depuis' is often used in more contexts.

Depuis comes from 'de' + 'puis' (since then). Pendant is the present participle of 'pendre' (to hang), meaning 'during'.

Conversation Starters

Depuis combien de temps habites-tu ici ?

Qu'as-tu fait pendant le week-end ?

Depuis quand étudies-tu le français ?

Pendant combien de temps as-tu voyagé l'année dernière ?

Journal Prompts

Describe your current job or studies.
Write about your last vacation.
What are your goals for the next year?
How has your life changed in the last 5 years?

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Fill with depuis or pendant.

J'habite ici ___ 2 ans.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: depuis
Ongoing action.
Choose the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: J'ai dormi pendant 8h.
Finished action.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Je travaille ici pendant 3 ans.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je travaille ici depuis 3 ans.
Ongoing action.
Change to negative. Sentence Transformation

Je travaille ici depuis 2 ans.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je ne travaille pas ici depuis 2 ans.
Standard negative.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

Pendant can be used with the present tense.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Pendant is for finished actions.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Depuis quand es-tu ici ? B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je suis ici depuis 2h.
Ongoing.
Order the words. Sentence Building

depuis / j'attends / 10 minutes

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: J'attends depuis 10 minutes.
Correct order.
Match the sentence to the tense. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: PC / Présent
Correct tense usage.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises
Fill with depuis or pendant.

J'habite ici ___ 2 ans.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: depuis
Ongoing action.
Choose the correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: J'ai dormi pendant 8h.
Finished action.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Je travaille ici pendant 3 ans.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je travaille ici depuis 3 ans.
Ongoing action.
Change to negative. Sentence Transformation

Je travaille ici depuis 2 ans.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je ne travaille pas ici depuis 2 ans.
Standard negative.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

Pendant can be used with the present tense.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Pendant is for finished actions.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Depuis quand es-tu ici ? B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je suis ici depuis 2h.
Ongoing.
Order the words. Sentence Building

depuis / j'attends / 10 minutes

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: J'attends depuis 10 minutes.
Correct order.
Match the sentence to the tense. Match Pairs

Match: J'ai mangé pendant 1h / Je mange depuis 1h

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: PC / Présent
Correct tense usage.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Fill in the blank. Fill in the Blank

Il est arrivé à la fête ___ dix minutes.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: il y a
Reorder the words to form a correct sentence. Sentence Reorder

fini / en / j'ai / le projet / deux / jours

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: J'ai fini le projet en deux jours
Translate to French. Translation

I had been sleeping for two hours when the phone rang.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je dormais depuis deux heures quand le téléphone a sonné.
Which one shows the time taken to finish something? Multiple Choice

Pick the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Elle a couru le marathon en quatre heures.
Correct the mistake. Error Correction

Nous sommes mariés depuis 2010. (Talking about a past marriage that ended)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nous avons été mariés pendant dix ans.
Match the marker to its function. Match Pairs

Match the pairs:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Pendant:Finished duration,Depuis:Had been happening,Il y a:Time ago,En:Time taken to complete
Fill in the blank. Fill in the Blank

Je cherche mes clés ___ une demi-heure !

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: depuis
Choose the formal option. Multiple Choice

Which sentence sounds more literary?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il a plu durant tout le mois d'août.
Fill in the blank. Fill in the Blank

J'ai appris cette chanson ___ seulement une heure.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: en
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

il y a / j'ai / mangé / une heure

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: J'ai mangé il y a une heure

Score: /10

FAQ (8)

No, 'pendant' is strictly for completed or bounded time.

Use 'pendant' for a planned duration.

Yes, it is a temporal preposition.

Because the action is still happening now.

Yes, 'durant' is a formal synonym.

Use 'pour' for future intent.

Use 'Depuis combien de temps...'.

Mostly, but Quebec uses 'ça fait... que'.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

desde / durante

Spanish allows more flexibility with tenses.

German high

seit / während

German uses dative case with 'seit'.

English low

for / since

French forces a tense change based on the preposition.

Japanese moderate

kara / aida

Japanese word order is SOV.

Arabic moderate

mundhu / khilala

Arabic has a complex root system.

Chinese low

cong / yizhi

Chinese verbs do not conjugate.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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