Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
To make people plural, add -uun for masculine or -aat for feminine to the singular noun.
- Masculine people: Add -uun (e.g., muhandis -> muhandisuun).
- Feminine people: Replace -ah with -aat (e.g., mu'allimah -> mu'allimaat).
- These endings only apply to specific human nouns, not objects.
Overview
الجموع السالمة - al-jumūʿ al-sālimah）的特殊形式。对于我们中文母语者来说，理解这一点非常重要，因为中文的复数形式通常只需要在名词后加“们”字（如：老师们、工程师们），而阿拉伯语则需要根据名词的性别和句中的语法功能进行变化。سالم - sālim）字面意思是“安全”或“完好”，这意味着原词的结构在变成复数时保持不变。这与“破碎复数”（جموع التكسير - jumūʿ al-taksīr）截然不同，后者会像拆解积木一样改变单词内部的元音。对于A1级别的初学者，掌握“完整复数”是构建词汇库的基石。它不仅是描述人群最可靠的方法，也是你进入阿拉伯语逻辑世界的第一步。虽然中文里没有“格”的概念，也不区分阴阳性，但阿拉伯语通过词尾的变化来表达这些信息。这听起来可能有点复杂，但别担心，这套规则非常规律，一旦你记住了口诀，就像在微信里发表情包一样自然！جمع المذكر السالم）和“阴性完整复数”（جمع المؤنث السالم）。ـُونَ (-ūna) 或 ـِينَ (-īna)。比如 مُدَرِّس (老师) 变成 مُدَرِّسُونَ (老师们)。这里有一个关键点：阿拉伯语有“格”的概念（即单词在句中做主语、宾语还是介词宾语）。中文没有格的变化，我们说“我看见老师们”和“老师们看见我”，词形完全不变。但在阿拉伯语里，如果“老师们”是主语，结尾是 ـُونَ；如果是宾语，结尾则变为 ـِينَ。这就像是给单词贴上了“身份标签”，告诉你它在句子里扮演什么角色。ـُونَ / ـِينَ | مُهَنْدِس -> مُهَنْدِسُونَ | 不适用 |ة 加 ـَات | 不适用 | مُعَلِّمَة -> مُعَلِّمَات |ة (tāʾ marbūṭah) 结尾，先把它“删掉”，然后加上 ـَات。例如 طَالِبَة (女学生) 变成 طَالِبَات (女学生们)。这就像是中文里的“去尾加后缀”，非常容易记忆。الْمُهَنْدِسُونَ مُجْتَهِدُونَ。注意，形容词 مُجْتَهِدُونَ 也必须跟着名词一起变成阳性复数，这叫做“性数一致”。在中文里，我们只需要说“工程师们很勤奋”，形容词不需要任何变化。但在阿拉伯语中，形容词必须“随大流”，这在初学时可能会让你觉得有点繁琐，但请记住：这正是阿拉伯语严谨美感的体现！- 1混淆阴阳性： 中文母语者常因为中文不区分性别，而给所有名词都加
ـُونَ。例如把“女学生们”说成طَالِبُونَ。这是因为中文里没有阴阳性干扰，导致我们潜意识里认为所有复数都是一样的。 - 2忽略格的变化： 很多同学在做宾语时依然使用
ـُونَ。例如“我看见了老师们”，正确是رَأَيْتُ مُدَرِّسِينَ，但初学者常说成رَأَيْتُ مُدَرِّسُونَ。这是因为中文没有格，我们很难理解为什么同一个词在不同位置要换“衣服”。 - 3对非人类使用完整复数： 有些同学会尝试把“桌子”或“汽车”也用完整复数形式。记住，完整复数是“人类专属”，非人类通常使用破碎复数，这是最常见的逻辑干扰。
- 1问：如果是男女混合的一群人，该用哪种复数？
- 1问：为什么有的词不加
ـُونَ而是改变内部结构？
- 1问：我一定要记住格的变化吗？
ـُونَ 和 ـَات 的基础形式即可，格的变化会随着你深入学习而变得像肌肉记忆一样自然。Sound Plural Formation
| Singular (M) | Plural (M) | Singular (F) | Plural (F) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
مُهَنْدِس
|
مُهَنْدِسُونَ
|
مُهَنْدِسَة
|
مُهَنْدِسَات
|
|
مُدَرِّس
|
مُدَرِّسُونَ
|
مُدَرِّسَة
|
مُدَرِّسَات
|
|
مُسْلِم
|
مُسْلِمُونَ
|
مُسْلِمَة
|
مُسْلِمَات
|
|
مُوَظَّف
|
مُوَظَّفُونَ
|
مُوَظَّفَة
|
مُوَظَّفَات
|
|
مُسَافِر
|
مُسَافِرُونَ
|
مُسَافِرَة
|
مُسَافِرَات
|
|
طَالِب
|
طَالِبُونَ
|
طَالِبَة
|
طَالِبَات
|
Meanings
The sound plural is a predictable way to pluralize human nouns without changing the internal root structure.
Masculine Sound Plural
Used for groups of men or mixed-gender groups.
“مُدَرِّسُونَ (Teachers)”
“مُهَنْدِسُونَ (Engineers)”
Feminine Sound Plural
Used for groups of women.
“مُدَرِّسَاتٌ (Teachers)”
“مُهَنْدِسَاتٌ (Engineers)”
Reference Table
| 单数（阳性） | 复数（阳性/混合） | 单数（阴性） | 复数（阴性） |
|---|---|---|---|
|
`mu'allim` (Teacher)
|
`mu'allimuun`
|
`mu'allima`
|
`mu'allimaat`
|
|
`muhandis` (Engineer)
|
`muhandisuun`
|
`muhandisa`
|
`muhandisaat`
|
|
`mudiir` (Manager)
|
`mudiiruun`
|
`mudiira`
|
`mudiiraat`
|
|
`sa'iid` (Happy)
|
`sa'iiduun`
|
`sa'iida`
|
`sa'iidaat`
|
|
`latwiif` (Kind)
|
`latwiifuun`
|
`latwiifa`
|
`latwiifaat`
|
|
`kaatib` (Writer)
|
`kaatibuun`
|
`kaatiba`
|
`kaatibaat`
|
|
`mudarrib` (Coach)
|
`mudarribuun`
|
`mudarriba`
|
`mudarribaat`
|
正式程度
المُدَرِّسُونَ حَاضِرُونَ (School)
المُدَرِّسُونَ هُنَا (School)
المُدَرِّسِينَ هُنَا (School)
المُدَرِّسِينَ وصلوا (School)
人类与非人类复数
人类（有智力）
- -uun / -aat 特殊后缀
非人类（无智力）
- 阴性单数 视为“她”
阳性与阴性规则复数对比
选择正确复数的流程图
是人吗？
至少有一位男性吗？
只有女性吗？
常见人类特质（复数）
职业
- • muhandisuun
- • mu'allimaat
- • mudiiruun
感受
- • mabsuutuun
- • sa'iidaat
- • mut'abuun
按水平分级的例句
المُدَرِّسُونَ فِي المَدْرَسَةِ
The teachers are in the school.
المُهَنْدِسَاتُ يَعْمَلْنَ
The engineers are working.
هُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ
They are Muslims.
هِيَ طَالِبَاتٌ
They are students.
رَأَيْتُ المُهَنْدِسِينَ
I saw the engineers.
تَحَدَّثْتُ مَعَ المُدَرِّسَاتِ
I spoke with the teachers.
هَلْ هُمْ مُسَافِرُونَ؟
Are they travelers?
هِيَ مُوَظَّفَاتٌ جَدِيدَاتٌ
They are new employees.
يُحِبُّ الطُّلَّابُ مُعَلِّمِيهِمْ
The students love their teachers.
تَعْمَلُ المُهَنْدِسَاتُ فِي المَشْرُوعِ
The engineers work on the project.
هَؤُلَاءِ هُمُ المُسَافِرُونَ
These are the travelers.
تَكَلَّمَتِ المُدِيرَاتُ مَعَ العُمَّالِ
The managers spoke with the workers.
يَجِبُ عَلَى المُهَنْدِسِينَ الِالتِزَامُ بِالقَوَانِينِ
Engineers must adhere to the laws.
تَمَّ تَكْرِيمُ المُدَرِّسَاتِ المِثَالِيَّاتِ
The ideal teachers were honored.
يُعْتَبَرُ هَؤُلَاءِ الرِّجَالُ مُسْلِمِينَ
These men are considered Muslims.
تَجْتَمِعُ المُوَظَّفَاتُ كُلَّ صَبَاحٍ
The employees meet every morning.
يَتَمَيَّزُ المُهَنْدِسُونَ بِالدِّقَّةِ
Engineers are characterized by precision.
تُسَاهِمُ المُدَرِّسَاتُ فِي بِنَاءِ المُجْتَمَعِ
Teachers contribute to building society.
لَمْ يَكُنِ المُسَافِرُونَ عَلَى عِلْمٍ بِالتَّأْخِيرِ
The travelers were not aware of the delay.
تُعَدُّ هَذِهِ المَهَارَاتُ ضَرُورِيَّةً لِلمُوَظَّفَاتِ
These skills are essential for the employees.
يُعَدُّ هَؤُلَاءِ المُهَنْدِسُونَ رُوَّاداً فِي مَجَالِهِمْ
These engineers are pioneers in their field.
تَتَطَلَّبُ المِهْنَةُ مِنَ المُدَرِّسَاتِ صَبْراً كَبِيراً
The profession requires great patience from teachers.
يُشَكِّلُ المُسَافِرُونَ نِسْبَةً كَبِيرَةً مِنَ السُّيَّاحِ
Travelers constitute a large percentage of tourists.
تَتَمَتَّعُ المُوَظَّفَاتُ بِحُقُوقٍ كَامِلَةٍ
The employees enjoy full rights.
容易混淆
Learners don't know which one to use.
Learners use -uun everywhere.
Learners keep the -ah.
常见错误
كِتَابُونَ
كُتُب
مُدَرِّسَةُونَ
مُدَرِّسَات
مُهَنْدِسَاتُونَ
مُهَنْدِسَات
مُسْلِمَاتُونَ
مُسْلِمَات
رَأَيْتُ المُهَنْدِسُونَ
رَأَيْتُ المُهَنْدِسِينَ
مُدَرِّسِينَ
مُدَرِّسُونَ
طَالِبَاتٌ
طَالِبَاتِ
مُوَظَّفِينَ
مُوَظَّفُونَ
مُسَافِرَاتِينَ
مُسَافِرَاتٍ
مُدِيرُونَ
مُدِيرِينَ
مُهَنْدِسِينَ
مُهَنْدِسُونَ
مُدَرِّسَاتِينَ
مُدَرِّسَاتٍ
مُسْلِمِينَ
مُسْلِمُونَ
句型
___ (plural) يَعْمَلُونَ فِي المَكْتَبِ.
رَأَيْتُ ___ (plural) فِي المَدْرَسَةِ.
___ (plural) هُنَا لِلدِّرَاسَةِ.
هَذِهِ هِيَ مَهَامُّ ___ (plural).
Real World Usage
المعلمون ينشرون دروساً
المهندسين وصلوا
نحن نبحث عن مهندسين
العمال يطلبون الطعام
المسافرون في المطار
الطالبات يدرسن
非人类陷阱
buyuut jamiiluun”，而是“buyuut jamiila”，因为房子不是人！删掉圆尾塔（ة）
mu'allima”变成“mu'allimaat”。混合人群规则
nahnu mabsuutuun”。Smart Tips
Add -uun for subjects.
Drop -ah and add -aat.
Use -iin for masculine plurals.
Stop! Don't use -uun.
发音
Suffix stress
The stress usually falls on the syllable before the suffix.
Statement
المُهَنْدِسُونَ يَعْمَلُونَ ↘
Falling intonation for facts.
记住它
记忆技巧
Uun is for the men, Aat is for the ladies.
视觉联想
Imagine a group of men wearing hats with 'UUN' on them, and a group of women wearing hats with 'AAT' on them.
Rhyme
For the men add -uun, for the women add -aat, pluralizing people is just like that!
Story
Ahmed is an engineer (muhandis). He joins his friends, so they become muhandisuun. Sarah is an engineer (muhandisah). She joins her friends, so they become muhandisaat.
Word Web
挑战
Write down 5 professions you know and turn them into both masculine and feminine plurals.
文化笔记
In spoken Levantine, the -iin ending is often used for both nominative and accusative.
Egyptian Arabic often uses -iin for all plural cases.
Gulf dialects maintain the formal distinction more strictly in formal settings.
The sound plural is a classic Semitic morphological feature.
对话开场白
مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ المُهَنْدِسُونَ؟
هَلْ تُحِبُّ العَمَلَ مَعَ المُدَرِّسَاتِ؟
مَا هِيَ مَهَامُّ المُوَظَّفِينَ؟
كَيْفَ يَتَعَامَلُ المُهَنْدِسُونَ مَعَ المَشَاكِلِ؟
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
الأَصْدِقاءُ ___ جِدّاً.
Choose the correct sentence:
Find and fix the mistake:
المُعَلِّمونَ لَطيفة.
Latwiifuun”是男性复数。Score: /3
练习题
8 exercisesالمُهَنْدِسُون ___ (يَعْمَلُ).
مُدَرِّسَة -> ?
Find and fix the mistake:
رَأَيْتُ المُهَنْدِسُونَ.
المُسْلِمُ يُصَلِّي.
كِتَابُونَ is a valid plural.
A: مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ؟ B: هُمْ ___.
المُدَرِّسَاتُ / فِي / المَدْرَسَةِ
مُوَظَّف -> ?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesالبَناتُ ___.
The managers are busy.
The cars (sayyaraat) are new (jadiida). Why is 'new' singular?
Match these pairs:
المُعَلِّمونَ / سَعيدونَ / .
Ahmad and Layla are kind (latwiifaat).
الكاتِباتُ ___.
Select the human plural:
We are engineers.
المُوَظَّفونَ مُتْعَبة.
Score: /10
常见问题 (8)
The -iin ending is used for accusative and genitive cases.
No, -uun is strictly for masculine or mixed groups.
Use broken plurals instead of sound plurals.
Yes, it is the standard feminine plural marker.
Yes, you must drop the -ah before adding -aat.
Some human nouns use broken plurals, but sound plurals are very consistent.
Look at the meaning of the word; professions and roles are usually human.
Yes, it is very common in all forms of communication.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Pluralization with -s/-es
Arabic has specific plurals for people.
Pluralization with -s
Arabic morphology is more complex.
Various plural markers
Arabic sound plurals are gender-specific.
Pluralization is optional
Arabic is strictly plural-marked.
Pluralization is optional
Arabic morphology is mandatory.
Pluralization with -s
Arabic sound plurals are gender-specific.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Related Grammar Rules
“内部手术”式复数：Fi'āl (Rijāl, Jibāl)
### Overview 在阿拉伯语学习中，你可能会感到困惑：为什么有的词变复数只是加个后缀，而有的词却像被“动了手术”一样，内部结构...
阿拉伯语复数：Mafā’il 模式（场所与事物）
### Overview 在阿拉伯语学习的初期，我们最先接触到的就是名词的单数与复数。在中文里，我们表达复数非常简单，通常只需要在名...
阿拉伯语阳性名词：默认性别 (al-Mudhakkar)
### Overview 在学习阿拉伯语的初期，你一定会遇到一个核心概念：语法性别（Grammatical Gender）。简单来说，阿拉伯语里的每一...
阿拉伯语名词：阳性与阴性（ة 的魔法）
Overview 你有没有在开罗点过一杯“小杯咖啡”却被别人用奇怪的眼神看着？你可能不小心把你的饮料性别搞错了。欢迎来到充满戏剧性...
阿拉伯语鼻音化：末尾的“N”音 (Tanween)
### Overview 你好！欢迎来到阿拉伯语学习的世界。今天我们要探讨的是阿拉伯语中最基础、也最独特的语法点之一：`Tanween`（音...
