Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the Japanese passive voice to express your experiences and shift the focus of your sentences.
- Form passive verbs for all conjugation groups.
- Identify the difference between direct and indirect passive usage.
- Express personal feelings and reactions to events using the suffering passive.
배울 내용
Ready to truly level up your Japanese and express yourself with more nuance? This chapter is all about the **Passive Voice**, a super useful tool for changing your sentence's focus! You know how sometimes you want to talk about *what happened to you* or *how something affected you*, rather than who did the action? That's exactly what you'll master here.
First, we'll dive into the mechanics: how to form the passive for both U-verbs and Ru-verbs, even those tricky irregulars like Suru and Kuru (they become Sareru and Korareru!). You'll see how these forms let you talk about being given a present respectfully, or even subtly hint at annoyance when something inconvenient happens.
Then, we'll connect these forms to real-life situations. You'll learn to use に to pinpoint *who* performed the action that affected you, shifting the spotlight to your experience. We'll differentiate between the **Direct Passive**, where you're simply describing being acted upon (like
I was praised by my teacher), and the powerful **Indirect Passive** – often called the 'Suffering' Passive – which is perfect for complaining (just a little!) when someone else's actions negatively impacted your day (e.g.,
My little brother ate my snackbecomes
My snack was eaten by my little brother, and it bothered me!). By the end of this chapter, you won't just understand passive forms; you'll confidently use them to talk about events from your perspective, express subtle feelings, and make your Japanese sound much more natural and expressive. Get ready to put yourself at the center of the action!
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일본어 수동태: U-동사 (Ukemi-kei)동사 끝을 '아' 발음으로 바꾸고
reru를 붙여보세요. 내가 원하지 않은 일로 영향을 받았을 때 아주 유용한 «수동형» 완성이에요! -
일본어 수동태: ru-동사 (~られる)수동형 «~られる»는 행동을 하는 사람이 아니라, 그 행동을 «받는 사람»의 입장에서 이야기할 때 사용해요.
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일본어 수동형: 불규칙 동사 (Suru & Kuru)불규칙 동사 する는 «される»로, くる는 «こられる»로 변신해요! 주로 내가 피해를 입어 «속상할 때» 쓰거나 상대방을 높여주는 «존경»의 의미로 사용한답니다.
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일본어 수동태: 타인에게 영향을 받기 (に)일본어 수동형은 내가 어떤 일을 '당했는지'를 강조하며, 행위자는 «に»로 표시해서 그 영향력을 나타내요.
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일본어 직접 수동: 동작을 받는 입장 (直接受身)내가 행동의 주인공이 되어 '받거나 당한 일'을 말하는 도구예요. «に»로 행위자를 표시하고 «~れる·られる»로 마무리하세요.
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피해의 수동태 (간접 수동)상대방의 행동 때문에 내가 '피해'를 입었을 때 쓰는 표현이에요. «피해 수동», «곤란한 상황», «나쁜 영향»을 기억하세요!
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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By the end you will be able to: Form the passive voice for any verb and distinguish between standard and 'suffering' passive usage.
챕터 가이드
Overview
suffering or inconvenience that often accompanies these actions.How This Grammar Works
I was praised by the teacher.This is the Japanese Direct Passive: Being Acted Upon (直接受身). However, Japanese also has the Indirect Passive: The 'Suffering' Passive, which is used when the action, even if not directly harmful, causes some inconvenience or negative feeling. For instance, 弟にお菓子を食べられた (Otōto ni okashi o taberareta) literally means
My snack was eaten by my younger brother,but it carries the strong implication of "My snack was eaten by my younger brother, and I'm annoyed!" This nuance is what makes the passive voice so powerful for expressing personal experiences.
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: «友達に会われる» (Tomodachi ni awareru)
to be met. Instead, it's almost exclusively used in the suffering passive, implying someone unexpectedly meeting you in an inconvenient way. For simply meeting a friend, use the active form.- 1✗ Wrong: «先生は私に日本語を教られた» (Sensei wa watashi ni Nihongo o oshirareru)
suffering passive where the teaching itself is perceived as a burden or inconvenience. To express being taught by a teacher in a neutral or positive way, you would typically use the causative-passive form with もらう (morau), meaning to receive the favor of being taught.
Real Conversations
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Quick FAQ
When should I use the Japanese passive voice in B1 Japanese?
You should use the passive voice when you want to emphasize what happened to you or how an action affected you, rather than who performed the action. It's also crucial for expressing the suffering passive when an action causes you inconvenience or annoyance.
How do I form the passive for verbs ending in -eru in Japanese grammar?
For ru-verbs (verbs ending in -eru, like 食べる taberu), you change the final 'ru' to 'rareru'. So, 食べる (taberu) becomes 食べられる (taberareru).
What's the difference between direct and indirect passive in Japanese?
The Direct Passive simply states that an action was done to the subject (e.g., I was praised). The Indirect Passive, or 'Suffering' Passive, implies that the action, while done to the subject, caused some form of inconvenience, annoyance, or negative feeling (e.g., "My snack was eaten by my brother, and I'm upset!").
How do I indicate who performed the action in a Japanese passive sentence?
You use the particle に (ni) after the noun that represents the performer of the action. For example, 先生に褒められた (Sensei ni homerareta) means
I was praised by the teacher.
Cultural Context
suffering passive, to express polite complaints or to subtly convey their feelings without being overly direct. This reflects a cultural preference for indirect communication and maintaining harmony. You'll hear it often when discussing minor inconveniences caused by others.주요 예문 (2)
팁과 요령 (4)
'Wa'의 함정
조사 'に'를 찾아보세요
~られる로 끝나는 문장에서 누가 그 행동을 했는지 궁금하다면 に 앞의 사람을 보세요. 수동형에서 행동의 주체는 항상 に로 표시하거든요. «弟に食べられた。»마법의 'R' 사운드를 기억하세요!
'u'가 'wa'로 변하는 규칙
言う나 買う처럼 'u'로 끝나는 동사는 'a'가 아닌 'wa'로 바뀌니 주의하세요! «言われる»라고 해야 자연스러워요.핵심 어휘 (5)
Real-World Preview
The Office Praise
Review Summary
- U-verb -> ~areru
- Subject + Target + ni + Object + ga + Passive
자주 하는 실수
The particle 'ni' is required to mark the agent in passive sentences, not 'o'.
In indirect passive, the subject is the victim, and the agent uses 'ni'.
The passive suffix is added directly to the verb stem, not as a separate word.
이 챕터의 규칙 (6)
Next Steps
You are doing amazing! The passive voice is a huge milestone in Japanese fluency. Keep practicing, and it will become second nature.
Write 5 sentences about annoying things that happened to you this week using the suffering passive.
빠른 연습 (10)
猫に魚を食べらした。
食べる의 수동형은 られる를 붙인 食べられる입니다.frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 일본어 수동태: 타인에게 영향을 받기 (に)
私は先生 ___ 褒められた。
に를 써야 해요.frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 일본어 수동태: 타인에게 영향을 받기 (に)
明日、彼にこされると困る。(Ashita, kare ni kosareru to komaru.)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 일본어 수동형: 불규칙 동사 (Suru & Kuru)
다음 중 맞는 문장을 고르세요:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 일본어 직접 수동: 동작을 받는 입장 (直接受身)
このビルは20年前に建てれました。
~られる를 ~れる로 줄여 쓰는 것은 틀린 표현입니다. ru-동사인 建てる(타테루)는 建てられる가 올바른 수동형입니다.frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 일본어 수동태: ru-동사 (~られる)
다음 중 맞는 문장은?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 일본어 수동태: ru-동사 (~られる)
어느 문장이 맞을까요?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 일본어 수동형: 불규칙 동사 (Suru & Kuru)
ひどい!私のプリンが___!(食べる)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 일본어 수동태: ru-동사 (~られる)
이 책은 유명한 작가에 의해 ____。(이 책은 유명한 작가에 의해 쓰였다.)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 일본어 수동태: U-동사 (Ukemi-kei)
가장 자연스러운 문장을 고르세요:
は, 행위자는 에, 동사는 수동형인 誘われた를 사용한 문장이 정답이에요.frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 일본어 수동태: 타인에게 영향을 받기 (に)
Score: /10
자주 묻는 질문 (6)
る를 떼고 그 자리에 られる를 붙이면 끝이에요. 예를 들어 «見る»는 «見られる»가 됩니다.suru(하다)와 kuru(오다)예요. suru는 sareru로, kuru는 korareru로만 바뀐다고 외워두면 끝이에요.