Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use the Indirect Passive to express that you were negatively affected by someone else's action.
- Target the person affected as the subject (marked with は).
- Use the passive form of the verb (e.g., {食べる|たべる} -> {食べられる|たべられる}).
- The person who did the action is marked with に.
Overview
How This Grammar Works
Formation Pattern
When To Use It
Common Mistakes
Contrast With Similar Patterns
Quick FAQ
자동사도 되나요? A: 네! «비에게 내림을 당하다»(비를 맞다) 같은 표현이 가능합니다.
Passive Conjugation Table
| Verb Type | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
|
Godan
|
書く (kaku)
|
書かれる (kakareru)
|
|
Ichidan
|
食べる (taberu)
|
食べられる (taberareru)
|
|
Irregular
|
する (suru)
|
される (sareru)
|
|
Irregular
|
来る (kuru)
|
来られる (korareru)
|
Meanings
This construction indicates that the subject has been inconvenienced or suffered as a result of an action performed by someone else.
Inconvenience
Expressing that an action caused personal trouble.
“{雨|あめ}に{降|ふ}られた。”
“{隣|となり}の{人|ひと}に{騒|さわ}がれた。”
Reference Table
| 동사 그룹 | 기본형 | 수동형 (~reru/rareru) | 문맥상 의미 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Ru-동사
|
{見る|みる} (보다)
|
{見られる|미られる}
|
누군가 내 것을 (몰래) 보다
|
|
Ru-동사
|
{捨てる|すてる} (버리다)
|
{捨てられる|すてられる}
|
누군가 내 물건을 버리다
|
|
U-동사
|
{泣く|なく} (울다)
|
{泣かれる|なかれる}
|
옆에서 누가 울어 곤란하다
|
|
U-동사
|
{読む|よむ} (읽다)
|
{読まれる|よまれる}
|
누군가 내 일기 등을 읽다
|
|
U-동사 (u→wa)
|
{笑う|わらう} (웃다)
|
{笑われる|わらわれる}
|
비웃음을 당하다
|
|
불규칙
|
{来る|くる} (오다)
|
{来られる|こられる}
|
갑자기 누가 와서 곤란하다
|
|
불규칙
|
{する|suru} (하다)
|
{される|sareru}
|
당하다 / 누군가 해버리다
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
騒音に悩まされました。 (Neighbor noise)
騒がれました。 (Neighbor noise)
うるさくされた。 (Neighbor noise)
マジでうるさかった。 (Neighbor noise)
수준별 예문
{雨|あめ}に{降|ふ}られました。
I was rained on.
{子供|こども}に{泣|な}かれました。
The child cried (and it bothered me).
{犬|いぬ}に{吠|ほ}られました。
The dog barked at me (and it was annoying).
{人|ひと}に{押|お}されました。
I was pushed by someone.
{友達|ともだち}に{来|こ}られました。
My friend came over (uninvited/inconveniently).
{隣|となり}の{人|ひと}に{騒|さわ}がれました。
The neighbor made noise.
{先生|せんせい}に{叱|しか}られました。
I was scolded by the teacher.
{弟|おとうと}に{本|ほん}を{読|よ}まれました。
My brother read my book (without permission).
{旅行|りょこう}の{間|あいだ}に{泥棒|どろぼう}に{入|はい}られました。
My house was broken into while I was traveling.
{会議|かいぎ}で{上司|じょうし}に{批判|ひはん}されました。
I was criticized by my boss in the meeting.
{電車|でんしゃ}で{足|あし}を{踏|ふ}まれました。
My foot was stepped on on the train.
{彼女|かのじょ}に{待|ま}たされました。
I was made to wait by my girlfriend.
{大切|たいせつ}な{書類|しょるい}を{同僚|どうりょう}に{捨|す}てられました。
My important documents were thrown away by a colleague.
{夜中|よなか}に{電話|でんわ}を{かけ|かけ}られました。
I was called in the middle of the night.
{大切|たいせつ}な{時間|じかん}を{無駄|むだ}にされました。
My precious time was wasted by them.
{計画|けいかく}を{勝手|かって}に{変|か}えられました。
My plans were changed without my permission.
{信頼|しんらい}していた{人|ひと}に{裏切|うらぎ}られました。
I was betrayed by someone I trusted.
{一方的|いっぽうてき}に{話|はな}を{進|すす}められました。
The conversation was pushed forward unilaterally.
{期待|きたい}を{裏切|うらぎ}られました。
My expectations were let down.
{プライバシー|ぷらいばしー}を{侵害|しんがい}されました。
My privacy was infringed upon.
{長年|ながねん}の{努力|どりょく}を{無|む}にされました。
My years of effort were rendered meaningless.
{世間|せけん}から{冷|つめ}たい{目|め}で{見|み}られました。
I was looked at coldly by society.
{言葉|ことば}の{端々|はしばし}に{皮肉|ひにく}を{込|こ}められました。
Sarcasm was woven into every word they said to me.
{運命|うんめい}に{翻弄|ほんろう}されました。
I was toyed with by fate.
혼동하기 쉬운
Both use the same conjugation.
Both involve 'reru'.
Both involve receiving.
자주 하는 실수
ケーキが食べられた
ケーキを食べられた
弟にケーキを食べた
弟にケーキを食べられた
私を弟に食べられた
私は弟に食べられた
弟が食べられた
私は弟に食べられた
雨が降った
雨に降られた
猫に寝られた
猫に寝られた (Wait, this is correct, but check context)
先生に叱った
先生に叱られた
プレゼントをもらわれた
プレゼントをもらった
彼に会われた
彼に会った
雨に降られたが、嬉しかった
雨に降られたが、困った
彼に愛された
彼に愛された (Wait, this is direct passive)
状況を理解された
状況を理解させられた
彼に死なれた
彼に死なれた (Correct, but sensitive)
문장 패턴
私は ___ に ___ されました。
___ に ___ られて、困りました。
せっかくの ___ を ___ されました。
___ に ___ られた時は、本当にショックでした。
Real World Usage
今日、雨に降られた！
友達に待たされた。
前職でプロジェクトを任されました。
注文を間違えられました。
電車を遅延させられました。
会議で意見を否定されました。
'나'를 주인공으로 바꿔보세요
감정이 없다면 쓰지 마세요
슬픔의 무게가 담긴 표현
Smart Tips
Use the passive to sound more natural.
List your grievances using passive.
Use passive to describe office issues.
Use passive to show societal impact.
발음
Passive endings
Ensure the 're' in 'reru/rareru' is clear.
Complaint
Verb-passive + falling intonation
Expresses resignation or annoyance.
암기하기
기억법
Think of the 'ni' particle as a 'needle' poking you—the victim.
시각적 연상
Imagine a person standing in the rain (the culprit) while you (the victim) are getting soaked and looking annoyed.
Rhyme
When you feel the pain and the woe, use the passive to let them know.
Story
Taro was having a nice day. Then, his cat jumped on his laptop. Taro was annoyed. He said: 'I was jumped on by my cat.'
Word Web
챌린지
Write 3 sentences about things that annoyed you today using the passive form.
문화 노트
This grammar reflects the Japanese cultural value of 'meiwaku' (inconvenience). It is a way to express frustration indirectly.
The passive voice in Japanese evolved from the verb 'uru' (to receive).
대화 시작하기
今日、何か困ったことはありましたか？
最近、誰かに迷惑をかけられましたか？
雨に降られたことはありますか？
電車で誰かに足を踏まれたことはありますか？
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercises私は弟にケーキを___。
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
私は猫にプレゼントをもらわれた。
弟 / ケーキ / 食べられた / 私は / に
I was pushed by someone.
A: どうしたの？ B: ___
Use '隣の人' and '騒ぐ'.
食べる -> ?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesScore: /10
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
No, it is strictly for negative or annoying situations.
You can omit the culprit or use 'someone'.
It can be used in both formal and informal settings.
Because it implies the subject suffered.
Direct passive focuses on the object.
Yes, but be careful with the tone.
Yes, very common for complaints.
It will sound like you didn't want the gift.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Pasiva refleja
Japanese passive is specifically for negative experiences.
Passif
Japanese passive is subjective.
Passiv
Japanese passive is emotional.
Bei-construction
Japanese passive is more versatile.
Majhul
Japanese passive is pragmatic.
Passive voice
Japanese passive is for emotional impact.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
관련 동영상
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