Artigos Partitivos (du, de la, des): Como dizer "algum" em francês
de!
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'du', 'de la', or 'des' to express an unspecified quantity of something you can't easily count.
- Use 'du' before masculine nouns: 'Je mange du pain.'
- Use 'de la' before feminine nouns: 'Je bois de la bière.'
- Use 'des' before plural nouns: 'J'achète des pommes.'
Overview
eu como pãoem francês... [Tradução completa]
2. Negative Transformation
| Affirmative | Negative |
|---|---|
|
du
|
de
|
|
de la
|
de
|
|
de l'
|
d'
|
|
des
|
de
|
Partitive Article Selection
| Gender/Number | Article | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Masculine Singular
|
du
|
du lait
|
|
Feminine Singular
|
de la
|
de la viande
|
|
Vowel/Silent H
|
de l'
|
de l'huile
|
|
Plural
|
des
|
des légumes
|
Meanings
Partitive articles indicate an unspecified quantity of a mass noun or a plural count noun. They translate to 'some' or 'any' in English, though they are often omitted in English.
Mass nouns
Referring to substances or abstract concepts that cannot be counted individually.
“Il mange du fromage.”
“Elle a de la patience.”
Plural count nouns
Referring to an indefinite number of items.
“Je vois des oiseaux.”
“Il y a des livres sur la table.”
Reference Table
| Gênero/Tipo | Artigo | Antes de Vogal | Forma Negativa |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Masculino {le|m}
|
du
|
de l'
|
de
|
|
Feminino {la|f}
|
de la
|
de l'
|
de
|
|
Plural {les|pl}
|
des
|
des
|
de
|
|
Abstrato (m)
|
du
|
de l'
|
de
|
|
Abstrato (f)
|
de la
|
de l'
|
de
|
Espectro de formalidade
Je souhaiterais de l'eau. (Ordering in a restaurant)
Je veux de l'eau. (Ordering in a restaurant)
Je veux de l'eau. (Ordering in a restaurant)
J'veux d'l'eau. (Ordering in a restaurant)
Usos dos Artigos Partitivos
Comida e Bebida
- du riz um pouco de arroz
- de la soupe um pouco de sopa
Abstrato
- du courage coragem
- de la chance sorte
Porção vs. Preferência
Escolhendo Seu Artigo
A frase é negativa?
Começa com vogal?
Formas Partitivas em Resumo
Masculino
- • du pain
- • du café
- • du vin
Feminino
- • de la salade
- • de la bière
- • de la viande
Vogal
- • de l'eau
- • de l'huile
- • de l'argent
Exemplos por nível
Je mange du pain.
I eat some bread.
Elle boit de la bière.
She drinks some beer.
Il achète des pommes.
He buys some apples.
Nous avons de l'eau.
We have some water.
Je ne veux pas de café.
I don't want any coffee.
Il y a de la neige.
There is some snow.
Tu as des idées ?
Do you have some ideas?
Elle a de l'argent.
She has some money.
J'aime le chocolat, mais je ne mange pas de chocolat.
I like chocolate, but I don't eat any chocolate.
Il a de bons amis.
He has some good friends.
Nous avons de la chance.
We are lucky.
Il faut de la patience.
One needs some patience.
Il a fait preuve de courage.
He showed some courage.
Je n'ai pas de temps à perdre.
I have no time to lose.
Il y a de l'orage dans l'air.
There is some storm in the air.
Elle a des projets pour l'été.
She has some plans for the summer.
Il n'a pas de scrupules.
He has no scruples.
C'est de la pure folie.
It is pure madness.
Il a de grandes ambitions.
He has some big ambitions.
Il y a de l'espoir.
There is some hope.
Il a de l'esprit.
He is witty.
Il n'a pas de quoi se plaindre.
He has nothing to complain about.
C'est de la belle ouvrage.
It is fine craftsmanship.
Il a des manières.
He has manners.
Fácil de confundir
Learners mix up 'some' (partitive) and 'the' (definite).
Learners mix up 'some' (partitive) and 'a/an' (indefinite).
Learners confuse the partitive 'de' with the preposition 'de'.
Erros comuns
J'aime du café.
J'aime le café.
Je mange pain.
Je mange du pain.
Je veux un pain.
Je veux du pain.
J'ai des eau.
J'ai de l'eau.
Je ne veux pas du pain.
Je ne veux pas de pain.
Il n'a pas des amis.
Il n'a pas d'amis.
C'est de la bon pain.
C'est du bon pain.
Il a des grands yeux.
Il a de grands yeux.
Je bois du thé, je n'aime pas du thé.
Je bois du thé, je n'aime pas le thé.
Il y a des gens qui...
Il y a des gens qui...
C'est de la très bonne travail.
C'est du très bon travail.
Il n'a pas de la patience.
Il n'a pas de patience.
J'ai des bons souvenirs.
J'ai de bons souvenirs.
Il a de l'argent, mais il ne veut pas de l'argent.
Il a de l'argent, mais il ne veut pas d'argent.
Padrões de frases
Je veux ___ ___.
Il n'y a pas ___ ___.
J'ai ___ ___ pour toi.
Il faut ___ ___ pour réussir.
Real World Usage
Je voudrais du café.
J'achète des pommes.
T'as des news ?
J'ai de l'expérience.
Il y a de la place ici.
Ajouter du fromage.
A Regra da Preferência
(Eu amo chocolate em geral), nãoJ'aime du chocolat".
O 'De' Negativo
Je ne mange pas de viande(Eu não como carne).
Pedindo como um Local
Je voudrais un cafévs
Je voudrais du café.
Smart Tips
Ask yourself: Is it a portion or a general concept?
Immediately change the article to 'de'.
Use 'd'' or 'de l'' to make it flow better.
Use 'de' instead of 'des'.
Pronúncia
Liaison
The 's' in 'des' is pronounced as a 'z' sound before a vowel.
Elision
The 'e' in 'de' is dropped before a vowel.
Rising for questions
Tu veux du pain ? ↑
Polite inquiry
Memorize
Mnemônico
Du, de la, des — remember them like a grocery list: 'Do, de la, day'.
Associação visual
Imagine a giant baguette (du), a bottle of wine (de la), and a pile of apples (des) sitting on your table.
Rhyme
For some of this and some of that, use du or de la, just like that.
Story
Pierre goes to the market. He buys 'du' cheese, 'de la' cream, and 'des' strawberries. He is happy because he has 'de l'' energy to cook.
Word Web
Desafio
Go to your kitchen and name 5 items using the partitive article (e.g., 'J'ai du sel').
Notas culturais
The partitive is essential in culinary contexts. Asking for 'du vin' is standard.
Quebec French uses the partitive similarly, but often with more relaxed pronunciation.
In many African French dialects, the partitive is used, but sometimes omitted in very casual speech.
The partitive article evolved from the Latin preposition 'de' (of) combined with the definite article.
Iniciadores de conversa
Qu'est-ce que tu manges ?
As-tu de l'argent sur toi ?
Qu'est-ce qu'il y a dans ton frigo ?
As-tu des projets pour le week-end ?
Temas para diário
Erros comuns
Test Yourself
Je mange ___ viande.
Escolha a frase gramaticalmente correta:
Find and fix the mistake:
Voulez-vous de le fromage ?
Score: /3
Exercicios praticos
8 exercisesJe mange ___ pain.
Il boit ___ eau.
Find and fix the mistake:
Je ne veux pas du sucre.
mange / du / je / pain
I have some ideas.
Elle a ___ patience.
Il n'y a pas ___ argent.
Tu / vouloir / du / café ?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesIl boit ___ eau.
I want some salad.
du / bois / je / lait
J'ai beaucoup du travail.
Match the correct pairs:
Choose the correct sentence for 'I like chocolate (in general)':
Il y a ___ vent aujourd'hui.
We have patience.
Elle n'achète pas de l'argent.
Tu manges ___ ?
Score: /10
Perguntas frequentes (8)
Use 'du' for a portion (some), use 'le' for the whole thing (general).
Yes, it becomes 'de'.
Use it before vowels or silent 'h'.
No, 'un' is for countable items, 'du' is for mass nouns.
It's a standard rule in French to simplify the partitive to 'de' after a negative verb.
Yes, it is the plural of 'un/une' or the plural partitive.
No, partitives are for things/substances.
You must learn the gender with the noun (e.g., 'le pain' vs 'la bière').
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
algo de / zero article
Spanish doesn't require an article for mass nouns.
etwas / zero article
German is not article-based for mass quantities.
zero article
Japanese lacks articles entirely.
zero article
Arabic lacks a partitive article.
zero article
Chinese uses measure words, not articles.
some / any / zero article
French requires an article; English often doesn't.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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