1 敬语主语：께서（이/가 的尊敬版） 2 敬语助词 '给/向' (께) 3 介绍与名词引用 (이/라고 하다) 4 如何表达“他说……”：间接引语 (ㄴ/는다고 하다)

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B1 Particles 15 min read 简单

敬语助词 '给/向' (께)

当你需要向长辈、老师或老板表达“给”的时候，请把 «한테» 换成 «께»。它是你展现礼貌的“秘密武器”。

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use '께' instead of '에게' or '한테' when the recipient of an action is someone you must show respect to.

Use '께' for people (e.g., teachers, grandparents, bosses).
Always pair '께' with honorific verbs like '드리다' (to give).
Do not use '께' for animals or inanimate objects.

Person (Elder) + 께 + Action (Honorific)

Overview

In the intricate landscape of Korean grammar, expressing respect is paramount, especially when addressing or referring to individuals of higher status. The honorific particle 께 (kke), often translated as 'to' or 'for,' serves a crucial role in denoting the respectful recipient of an action. It is a dative particle, meaning it marks the indirect object of a verb, but unlike its neutral and casual counterparts (에게 _ege_ and 한테 _hante_), 께 exclusively conveys deference towards the person receiving the action or object.

This grammatical choice reflects the speaker's recognition of the recipient's elevated social standing, integrating into the broader system of Korean honorifics, known as 높임말 (_nopimmal_).

The existence of particles like 께 highlights a fundamental aspect of Korean linguistic culture: communication is not merely about conveying information but also about establishing and acknowledging social hierarchies. By employing 께, you are not just stating 'to X,' but rather 'to X, whom I respect.' This linguistic mechanism reinforces social harmony and demonstrates cultural awareness, making its correct application a cornerstone of polite and appropriate Korean communication. Understanding 께 is therefore essential for intermediate learners aiming to communicate effectively and respectfully in diverse social contexts.

How This Grammar Works

께 functions as a direct replacement for the standard dative particles 에게 and 한테 when the recipient of an action is a person deserving of honor or respect. Its mechanics are straightforward: you simply attach 께 to the noun referring to the honored individual. What distinguishes 께 is its inherent requirement for contextual honorification.

The mere use of 께 typically triggers a chain reaction within the sentence, necessitating the use of honorific vocabulary and/or honorific verb endings (-(으)시-) to maintain coherence in the level of respect.

For instance, while you might 주다 (_juda_, 'to give') a gift 친구한테 (_chingu-hante_, 'to a friend'), you would 드리다 (_deurida_, 'to offer/give respectfully') a gift 선생님께 (_seonsaengnim-kke_, 'to the teacher'). Here, 드리다 is the honorific equivalent of 주다. Similarly, if you 묻다 (_mutda_, 'to ask') 친구한테, you would 여쭙다 (_yeojjupda_, 'to ask respectfully') 어른께 (_eoreun-kke_, 'to an elder').

The particle 께 sets the stage for honorific treatment of the recipient, and the subsequent vocabulary and verb choices must align with this established tone.

Consider the sentence, 저는 사장님께 보고서를 제출했습니다. (I submitted the report to the CEO.) Here, 사장님께 clearly marks the CEO as a respected recipient. While 제출하다 (_jechulhada_, 'to submit') is not an inherently humble verb like 드리다, its usage with 께 still conveys respect for the recipient. However, if the action itself is a direct act of giving or asking, a humble verb is almost always preferred to complement 께.

This integrated approach ensures that the entire statement reflects the appropriate level of deference.

Formation Pattern

The formation of 께 is one of the simplest grammatical structures in Korean honorifics, as it does not involve complex conjugation rules based on 받침 (_batchim_, final consonant) or vowel endings. You directly attach 께 to a noun that refers to an individual of higher social status or deserving of respect.

Pattern: Noun (Honored Person) + 께

This straightforward attachment makes 께 highly consistent in its application. It replaces 에게 or 한테 without any morphological changes to the preceding noun. The role of 께 is purely semantic, marking the noun as the respectful indirect object.

| :-------------------- | :------ | :------------- | :--------------------------------------------------- |

This pattern clearly demonstrates that 께 acts as an unchangeable suffix, consistently signaling that the noun it attaches to is the honored recipient. It is crucial to remember that 께 itself is the honorific marker for the indirect object, and its presence guides the selection of other honorific elements within the sentence.

When To Use It

Using 께 is dictated by social hierarchy and the speaker's relationship with the recipient. It is a fundamental component of polite and respectful communication, signaling deference to individuals deserving of honor. Mastering its usage involves understanding the specific contexts where such respect is mandated.

1. For Elders and Superiors:

This is the most common application. Use 께 when the recipient is significantly older than you or holds a higher position. This includes:

Family: Parents, grandparents, aunts/uncles (especially older ones), in-laws. For example, 부모님께 용돈을 드렸습니다. (I respectfully gave pocket money to my parents.) or 할머니께 안부 전해 주세요. (Please convey my regards to Grandma.)
Teachers/Academics: Professors, school teachers, mentors. For instance, 선생님께 과제를 제출했어요. (I submitted the assignment to the teacher.)
Workplace Superiors: Bosses, senior colleagues, clients, anyone in a position of authority. You might say, 사장님께 이메일을 보냈습니다. (I sent an email to the CEO.) or 팀장님께 여쭙고 싶은 것이 있습니다. (I have something I'd like to ask the team leader.)

2. In Formal Settings and Written Communication:

While honorifics are prevalent in spoken Korean, 께 is consistently used in formal written contexts such as official letters, reports, and emails, especially when the recipient is an organization or a highly respected individual. For example, in an official announcement, you might see 시민 여러분께 알려드립니다. (We inform the esteemed citizens.) Here, 시민 여러분 (_simin yeoreobun_, esteemed citizens) is treated honorifically.

3. With Humble Verbs:

As previously discussed, 께 often co-occurs with 겸양어 (_gyeomyang-eo_), or humble verbs, where the speaker humbles themselves in relation to the respected recipient. This pairing creates a complete expression of deference. Examples include 드리다 (to give humbly), 여쭙다 (to ask humbly), 말씀드리다 (to tell humbly), and 뵙다 (to meet humbly).

For example, 교수님께 질문을 여쭙니다. (I humbly ask a question to the professor.)

Cultural Insight: The decision to use 께 goes beyond mere grammar; it involves 눈치 (_nunchi_), or situational awareness. Korean social interactions are highly nuanced, and misjudging the appropriate level of respect can lead to awkwardness or offense. When in doubt, it is often safer to err on the side of politeness, though excessive use can also sound unnatural or sarcastic with peers.

When Not To Use It

Understanding when to *refrain* from using 께 is as critical as knowing when to use it, as inappropriate usage can lead to miscommunication, awkwardness, or even unintended offense. The rule of thumb is to reserve 께 strictly for individuals deserving of honorific treatment due to their age, social status, or professional position.

1. With Peers, Friends, or Younger Individuals:

Using 께 with someone your age, a friend, or anyone younger than you sounds unnatural and overly formal. It can create an unnecessary distance, make the speaker sound sarcastic, or suggest an unrecognized hierarchy. Instead, use 한테 (_hante_) for casual conversations and 에게 (_ege_) for more neutral or slightly formal contexts with peers.

For example, if you lend a book to a friend, you would say 친구한테 책을 빌려줬어. (_chinguhante chaegeul billyeojwosseo_). Using 친구께 in this situation would be highly unusual.

2. For Animals or Inanimate Objects:

께 is exclusively used for people who can be honored. It is never used for animals, objects, or abstract concepts. For these, 에게 or 한테 are the appropriate particles.

For example, 강아지에게 밥을 줬어요. (I gave food to the dog.) or 나무에게 물을 줬어요. (I gave water to the tree.) Applying 께 here would be grammatically incorrect and nonsensical.

3. When Expressing 'From':

While 한테 can sometimes take on the meaning of 'from' when paired with verbs like 듣다 (_deutda_, 'to hear') or 배우다 (_baeuda_, 'to learn'), 께 never conveys this meaning. 께 is strictly a dative particle marking the recipient 'to whom' an action is directed. If you need to express 'from an honored person,' you would typically use 께로부터 (_kkerobuteo_) or rephrase the sentence entirely to use an honorific subject particle for the source.

For example, instead of 교수님께 들었어요 (which is ambiguous and can imply 께 as 'to'), you would say 교수님으로부터 들었어요. (I heard from the professor.) or 교수님께서 말씀하셨어요. (The professor said...). The latter options clearly indicate the professor as the source of information.

4. Confusing with Subject Marker 께서:

This is a common beginner mistake. 께 (kke) marks the *recipient* (indirect object) of an action, while 께서 (kkeso) is an honorific *subject* marker, replacing 이/가 (i/ga). They serve entirely different grammatical functions.

You would never use 께 to mark the subject of a sentence. For instance, 할머니께서 오셨습니다. (Grandma arrived.) Here, 할머니께서 marks 'Grandma' as the honored subject, not the recipient of an action.

Common Mistakes

Even intermediate learners frequently stumble with the nuances of 께. These common errors often stem from a lack of full integration with the broader honorific system or a direct translation approach from languages without equivalent honorific structures. Recognizing and actively correcting these mistakes is vital for achieving fluency and cultural appropriateness.

1. The Verb Mismatch (Using 께 with a Non-Humble Verb):

This is perhaps the most frequent error. The use of 께 establishes an honorific context for the recipient, and the verb describing the action directed towards that recipient should ideally align with this level of respect. Using a plain or casual verb with 께 creates an incongruity, like wearing formal trousers with a casual T-shirt.

❌ 저는 선생님께 편지를 줬어요. (_Jeoneun seonsaengnimkke pyeonjireul jwosseoyo._ - I gave a letter to the teacher.)
*Explanation:* 줬어요 (주다, _juda_) is the casual form of 'to give.' While 께 signals respect for the teacher, 줬어요 undermines it. This sounds disrespectful or simply unpolished.
✅ 저는 선생님께 편지를 드렸어요. (_Jeoneun seonsaengnimkke pyeonjireul deuryeosseoyo._ - I respectfully gave a letter to the teacher.)
*Correction:* 드리다 (_deurida_) is the humble verb for 'to give,' appropriately matching the honorific 께.

2. Confusing 께 (Dative) with 께서 (Subject):

As highlighted previously, this is a distinct grammatical error. 께 marks the indirect object, while 께서 marks the subject.

❌ 사장님께 회사에 오셨습니다. (_Sajangnimkke hoesae osyeosseumnida._ - To the CEO came to the company.)
*Explanation:* Here, 사장님 is the subject (the one who came), but 께 is incorrectly used as a subject marker.
✅ 사장님께서 회사에 오셨습니다. (_Sajangnimkkeseo hoesae osyeosseumnida._ - The CEO came to the company.)
*Correction:* 께서 correctly marks 사장님 as the honorific subject.

3. Overusing 께 in Inappropriate Contexts:

Applying 께 too broadly, even to those who might receive some respect but not the full honorific treatment, can sound unnatural.

❌ 저는 제 언니께 선물을 줬어요. (_Jeoneun je eonnikke seonmureul jwosseoyo._ - I gave a gift to my older sister.)
*Explanation:* While 언니 (older sister) is an elder, 께 is generally too formal for siblings, unless there is a very significant age gap or a highly formal family dynamic. 한테 or 에게 would be more appropriate.
✅ 저는 제 언니한테 선물을 줬어요. (_Jeoneun je eonnihante seonmureul jwosseoyo._ - I gave a gift to my older sister.)

4. Incorrectly Using 께 for 'From':

While some dative particles can imply 'from' with specific verbs, 께 does not. It strictly means 'to.'

❌ 저는 교수님께 그 소식을 들었어요. (_Jeoneun gyosunimkke geu sosigeul deureosseoyo._ - I heard that news from the professor.)
*Explanation:* While this might be understood, it's grammatically ambiguous and can sound like 'I heard news to the professor.' The 'from' sense is not inherent in 께.
✅ 저는 교수님으로부터 그 소식을 들었어요. (_Jeoneun gyosunim으로부터 geu sosigeul deureosseoyo._ - I heard that news from the professor.)
✅ 교수님께서 그 소식을 말씀해 주셨어요. (_Gyosunimkkeseo geu sosigeul malsseumhae jusyeosseoyo._ - The professor told me that news.)
*Correction:* Using 으로부터 or rephrasing with the honorific subject and an honorific verb more clearly conveys 'from.'

5. Redundant 님 with 께:

께 itself implies respect, so adding another honorific suffix like 님 to the particle is incorrect.

❌ 선생님께님
✅ 선생님께
*Correction:* The form 선생님께 is already fully honorific. The 님 is attached to 선생 (teacher), and 께 then attaches to 선생님.

Common Collocations

The true mastery of 께 involves understanding its natural pairings with humble verbs and specific phrases. These collocations form the backbone of respectful communication and allow for nuanced expressions of deference. Memorizing these common usages will significantly enhance your ability to communicate naturally and politely.

| Humble/Honorific Verb/Phrase | Meaning (Humble/Respectful) | Example Sentence (합니다체 / 해체 - formal/casual) ```

In this context, 아빠께 (to Dad) is considered grammatically awkward as 아빠 is an informal term for 'Dad.' While sometimes used, it clashes with the formality of 께.

Cultural Note: 압존법 (_apjonbeop_) (Speech-Level Demotion)

Traditionally, when speaking to a highly respected person about another person who is also respected but of lower status than the listener, you would demote the speech level for the second respected person. For example, if you are talking to your grandmother about your father, you wouldn't use honorifics for your father. However, this rule is largely falling out of favor in modern Korean, especially among younger generations. In most contemporary situations, it is acceptable and often preferred to use appropriate honorifics for the person being referred to, regardless of the listener's status. For instance, when talking to your boss about your team leader, you would still use honorifics for the team leader (팀장님께서). If you are unsure, it is usually safer to maintain respect for both individuals.

Contrast With Similar Patterns

Korean features several particles that mark the recipient of an action, making it crucial to distinguish 께 from its similar-sounding or functionally related counterparts. Understanding these distinctions is fundamental for accurate and respectful communication.

1. 께 vs. 에게 vs. 한테 (Dative Particles for 'To')

These three particles all indicate the recipient of an action, but they differ significantly in their level of formality and the social status of the recipient.

| :---------- | :---------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------ | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------- |

에게 and 한테 are interchangeable in many casual spoken contexts for people, but 에게 is preferred in formal writing or when talking about animals and objects. 께, in contrast, is exclusively for honored human recipients.

2. 께 vs. 께서 (Honorific Dative vs. Honorific Subject)

This distinction is crucial to avoid fundamental grammatical errors. While both are honorific markers, they serve entirely different syntactic roles.

| :---------- | :---------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------- |

| 께 (_kke_) | Honorific Dative (Indirect Object) | 저는 사장님께 보고서를 제출했습니다. (_Jeoneun sajangnimkke bogoseoreul jechulhaesseumnida._) | I submitted the report to the CEO. |

| 께서 (_kkeso_) | Honorific Subject (Subject) | 사장님께서 보고서를 확인하셨습니다. (_Sajangnimkkeseo bogoseoreul hwaginhasyeosseumnida._) | The CEO checked the report (respectfully). |

께 replaces 에게/한테 and marks the recipient of an action. 사장님께 means 'to the CEO.'
께서 replaces 이/가 (i/ga) and marks the performer of an action (the subject). 사장님께서 means 'the CEO' (as an honored subject).

3. 께 vs. 께로부터 (To vs. From an Honored Person)

As noted in common mistakes, 께 never means 'from.' To express 'from an honored person,' you must use 께로부터 or rephrase the sentence.

저는 교수님께 질문을 드렸습니다. (I humbly asked a question to the professor.) - 께 means 'to.'
저는 교수님께로부터 연락을 받았습니다. (I received contact from the professor.) - 께로부터 clearly means 'from the professor.'
교수님께서 저에게 연락을 주셨습니다. (The professor respectfully gave contact to me.) - Here, the professor is the honorific subject (께서), and the action 주셨습니다 (gave honorifically) implies the origin of the action.

Quick FAQ

This section addresses some practical questions that learners often have about the usage of 께, clarifying common uncertainties and providing guidance for real-world scenarios.

Q: Can I use 께 for my older brother or sister?

A: Generally, no. For siblings, even older ones, 한테 (형한테, 누나한테, 오빠한테, 언니한테) or 에게 is typically used. 께 is reserved for a clearer, more formal hierarchical relationship, such as parents, grandparents, teachers, or professional superiors.

Using 께 for a sibling would sound excessively formal, distant, or even sarcastic, unless there's an unusually significant age gap (e.g., 20+ years) or an exceptionally traditional family dynamic where such formality is practiced. In most modern Korean families, 한테 is the standard for sibling interactions.

Q: Is 께 used in text messages, instant messaging (e.g., KakaoTalk), or social media?

A: Absolutely, yes. The medium of communication does not negate the need for honorifics if the recipient warrants them. If you are messaging your boss, a client, a professor, or any other superior, you should use 께 just as you would in spoken or email communication.

For instance, 팀장님께 파일 보냈습니다. (_Timjangnimkke pail bonaesseumnida._ - I sent the file to the team leader.) is perfectly appropriate in a work-related chat. The key factor is the relationship with the recipient, not the platform.

Q: What if I'm talking about my boss TO my boss's boss (referring to 압존법 - _apjonbeop_)?

A: This is a nuanced area involving 압존법 (_apjonbeop_), or speech-level demotion. Traditionally, when you spoke to someone of very high status (e.g., your grandfather) about someone who is also respected but of lower status than the listener (e.g., your father), you would demote the speech level for the lower-status individual. This would mean *not* using honorifics for your father when talking to your grandfather.

However, 압존법 is largely considered outdated and is much less common in modern Korean, particularly outside of very specific military or traditional family contexts. In contemporary business or social settings, it is generally accepted and often preferred to maintain appropriate honorifics for the person being referred to, regardless of the listener's status. So, if you're talking to a senior executive about your direct manager, you would typically still use honorifics for your manager, e.g., 박 부장님께 보고드렸습니다. (_Bak bujangnimkke bogodeuryeosseumnida._ - I reported to Manager Park.) When in doubt, it is safer and more respectful to use honorifics for both individuals involved.

Q: Is 께 always used with humble verbs?

A: 께 is very often paired with humble verbs (겸양어 _gyeomyang-eo_) like 드리다 (to give), 여쭙다 (to ask), 말씀드리다 (to tell), and 뵙다 (to meet). This combination creates the strongest expression of humility from the speaker towards the honored recipient. However, 께 can also be used with neutral verbs if the action itself is not one that has a specific humble form, as long as the verb does not contradict the honorific context.

For instance, 사장님께 연락했습니다. (_Sajangnimkke yeollakhaesseumnida._ - I contacted the CEO.) Here, 연락하다 (_yeonrakhada_, 'to contact') is a neutral verb, but 께 still conveys respect for the CEO as the recipient of the contact. The principle is that if a humble verb exists for the specific action, it should be used; otherwise, a neutral verb is acceptable alongside 께 to mark the respectful recipient.

Particle Usage Table

Recipient Status	Particle	Example Verb	Register
Elder/Superior	께	드리다	Formal
Peer	에게	주다	Neutral
Friend/Younger	한테	주다	Informal

Meanings

The particle '께' is the honorific form of '에게' or '한테', used to indicate the recipient of an action when that person is of higher social status.

Recipient of action

Indicates the person receiving an object or action.

“부모님께 편지를 씁니다.”

“할머니께 전화를 드렸어요.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 敬语助词 '给/向' (께)
接收者	助词	对应动词 (给)	语境
朋友 / 晚辈	한테 (hante)	주다 (juda)	非正式/随意
陌生人 / 公众	에게 (ege)	주다 (juda)	正式/中性
父母 / 老师	께 (kke)	드리다 (deurida)	敬语/谦逊
老板 / 上司	께 (kke)	드리다 (deurida)	敬语/职场

正式程度

正式

선생님께 드렸습니다.

선생님께 드렸습니다. (School setting)

中性

선생님께 드렸어요.

선생님께 드렸어요. (School setting)

非正式

선생님께 드렸어.

선생님께 드렸어. (School setting)

俚语

쌤께 드림.

쌤께 드림. (School setting)

“给”谁的等级制度

接收者

高地位 (께)

부모님 (父母) 奉献 (드리다)
선생님 (老师) 询问 (여쭙다)

平级/下级 (한테)

친구 (朋友) 给 (주다)
동생 (弟妹) 说 (말하다)

三兄弟大比拼

한테 (Hante)

随意口语

朋友晚辈

에게 (Ege)

正式书面

一般陌生人

께 (Kke)

敬语尊敬

长辈上司

该用哪个助词？

对方是长辈或上司吗？

YES

使用 께 (Kke)

进入下一步

是正式写作或演讲吗？

YES

使用 에게 (Ege)

NO ↓

“께”的黄金搭档

🎁

给予类

• 드리다 (奉献)
• 바치다 (献给)

🗣️

言语类

• 여쭙다 (请教)
• 말씀드리다 (禀告)

免费注册阅读完整解释

按水平分级的例句

선생님께 드려요.

I give it to the teacher.

할머니께 전화했어요.

I called grandmother.

부장님께 보고서를 드렸습니다.

I gave the report to the manager.

교수님께 여쭤보고 싶습니다.

I would like to ask the professor.

고객님께 안내 말씀을 드립니다.

I am informing the customer.

어르신께 정중히 부탁을 드렸습니다.

I politely asked the elder.

容易混淆

Honorific Particle 'To' (께) 对比 에게 vs 께

Learners often use 에게 for everyone.

Honorific Particle 'To' (께) 对比 한테 vs 께

Learners use 한테 for superiors.

Honorific Particle 'To' (께) 对比 주다 vs 드리다

Mixing up the verbs.

常见错误

✗

친구께 줘요

✓

친구한테 줘요

Don't use honorifics for friends.

✗

강아지께 밥을 줘요

✓

강아지한테 밥을 줘요

Animals don't get honorifics.

✗

선생님께 줘요

✓

선생님께 드려요

Must use honorific verb.

✗

께는

✓

께

Particle is just 께.

✗

사장께 말했어요

✓

사장님께 말씀드렸어요

Need honorific title and verb.

✗

께가

✓

께

Particle is not a subject.

✗

엄마께 줘요

✓

엄마께 드려요

Use honorific verb.

✗

고객께 줬어요

✓

고객님께 드렸습니다

Formal business requires honorifics.

✗

께는

✓

께

Particle usage error.

✗

선생님께 질문했어요

✓

선생님께 여쭤봤어요

Honorific verb for asking.

✗

께를

✓

께

Particle doesn't take object marker.

✗

께에

✓

께

Redundant particle.

✗

께 주다

✓

께 드리다

Honorific verb mismatch.

✗

께는

✓

께

Particle usage.

句型

___께 ___을 드립니다.

___께 여쭤보고 싶습니다.

___께는 안 드렸어요.

___께 정중히 부탁을 드립니다.

Real World Usage

Emailing a professor very common

교수님께 메일을 보냅니다.

Giving a gift to a parent common

어머니께 선물을 드려요.

Reporting to a boss very common

부장님께 보고드립니다.

Calling a grandparent common

할머니께 전화드렸어요.

Customer service common

고객님께 안내드립니다.

Asking a senior colleague common

선배님께 여쭤봤어요.

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💡

动词黄金搭档

用了 «께»，脑子里就要立刻联想到谦逊动词 «드리다» 或 «여쭙다»。它们通常是成对出现的： «할머니께 선물을 드렸어요.»

⚠️

别和主语搞混

千万别把 «께»（给某人）和 «께서»（某人做某事）弄混。 «께» 标记的是动作的接收者。

💬

职场生存指南

在韩国公司，给上司发邮件或发消息，用 «께» 是最基本的职场礼仪： «부장님께 메일 보냈습니다.»

Smart Tips

Always use 께 and an honorific verb.

선생님에게 줬어요. → 선생님께 드렸습니다.

Use 께 to maintain professional distance.

사장님한테 말했어요. → 사장님께 말씀드렸습니다.

Always use 께 for elders.

할머니한테 선물 줬어. → 할머니께 선물 드렸어요.

Use 께 with 여쭤보다.

교수님한테 물어봤어요. → 교수님께 여쭤봤어요.

发音

kke

께

Pronounced with a tense 'kk' sound.

Statement

선생님께 드렸어요 ↘

Polite declaration

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of '께' as 'K-E' (Keep-Elder). Keep the elder in mind when you use it!

视觉联想

Imagine handing a gift to a teacher with both hands. The '께' is the invisible bow you make while handing it over.

Rhyme

When the person is high, give '께' a try.

Story

Min-su wants to give a gift to his teacher. He remembers his lesson: 'Don't use hante, use kke!' He walks up to the teacher, says '선생님께 드립니다', and feels proud of his respect.

Word Web

对老板（사장님）必须使用敬语助词 '께' 和礼貌的终结谓语。

将人物与正确的助词匹配。 Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched

长辈用 '께'，晚辈或平辈用 '한테'。

找出表达生硬的地方。 Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

부모님한테 선물을 줬어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 부모님께 선물을 드렸어요.

对父母要用 '께'，同时要把 '줬어요'（给）换成谦逊词 '드렸어요'。

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises

Fill in the correct particle.

선생님___ 선물을 드려요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 께

Teacher is a superior.

Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 선생님께 드려요

Correct particle and verb.

Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

사장님한테 드렸습니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사장님께 드렸습니다

Use 께 for boss.

Change to honorific. Sentence Transformation

친구에게 줍니다 -> 선생님___ ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 께 드립니다

Change particle and verb.

Match the recipient to the particle. Match Pairs

Teacher -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 께

Teacher is superior.

Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: 할머니께 전화했어? B: 응, ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 할머니께 전화드렸어

Honorific verb needed.

Order the words. Sentence Building

선생님께 / 드렸습니다 / 선물을

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 선생님께 선물을 드렸습니다

Standard word order.

Is this rule true? True False Rule

Can you use 께 for a dog?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: No

Animals don't get honorifics.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises

填入正确的助词填空

선생님___ 질문을 했어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 께

选择正确的动词填空

할아버지께 물을 ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 드렸어요

识别失礼的句子多项选择

哪句话听起来很不礼貌？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사장님한테 돈을 줬어.

排列敬语句子 Sentence Reorder

排序：[편지를] [께] [할머니] [썼어요]

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 할머니 께 편지를 썼어요

翻译短语翻译

给老师

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 선생님께

动词与助词匹配 Match Pairs

哪种动词自然对应哪种助词语境？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched

修正助词 Error Correction

아버지한테 말씀을 드렸어.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 아버지께 말씀을 드렸어.

选择正确的形式多项选择

给客户寄快递（正式商务）。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 고객님께 택배를 보냈습니다.

完成短语填空

부모님__ 안부 전해 주세요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 께

翻译成韩语翻译

我给了爷爷。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 할아버지께 드렸어요.

Score: /10

常见问题 (8)

No, 께 is for superiors. Use 한테 for friends.

The sentence will sound unnatural. Always use 드리다.

Yes, it is common in formal letters and emails.

Yes, it is mandatory for bosses.

No, 께 is honorific, 에게 is neutral.

Honorifics are for humans of higher status.

No, that would be very strange.

No, 께 is used for both singular and plural.

Scaffolded Practice

1

2

3

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Japanese partial

ni (に)

Korean has a specific particle for honorific dative.

Spanish low

No honorific particle exists in Spanish.

German low

Dative case

Korean uses particles, German uses case endings.

French low

No honorific particle.

Chinese low

gei (给)

Korean particle is attached to the noun.

Arabic low

li (لـ)

Korean is agglutinative.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

敬语主语：께서（이/가 的尊敬版）

介绍与名词引用 (이/라고 하다)

Learn These First

A2 Requires

给“贵宾”的韩语“给”：尊敬助词께

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表示位置和目的地的助词 (에)

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### Overview 在学习韩国语的过程中，很多同学会遇到一些表达“否定对比”的语法。今天我们要深入探讨的是一个非常有表现力的语法...

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Overview Particle `도` (`do`) is a fundamental Korean additive particle, often translated as "also," "too," or "even." A...

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敬语助词 '给/向' (께)

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Overview

How This Grammar Works

Formation Pattern

When To Use It

When Not To Use It

Common Mistakes

Common Collocations

Contrast With Similar Patterns

Quick FAQ

Particle Usage Table

Meanings

Recipient of action

Reference Table

正式程度

“给”谁的等级制度

高地位 (께)

平级/下级 (한테)

三兄弟大比拼

该用哪个助词？

“께”的黄金搭档

给予类

言语类

按水平分级的例句

容易混淆

常见错误

句型

Real World Usage

动词黄金搭档

别和主语搞混

职场生存指南

Smart Tips

发音

记住它

记忆技巧

视觉联想

Rhyme

Story

Word Web

挑战

文化笔记

你知道吗？

对话开场白

日记主题

常见错误

Test Yourself

练习题

Practice Bank

常见问题 (8)

Scaffolded Practice

1

2

3

4

Mastery Progress

In Other Languages

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Learn These First

给“贵宾”的韩语“给”：尊敬助词께

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Related Grammar Rules

正式的“和”：名词连接 (와/과)

表示位置和目的地的助词 (에)

助词 -조차: 连...都不 (负面极限)

别说 / 更不用说 (커녕)

韩语助词 도 (也/都)

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