B2 Future & Conditional 6 min read 中等

将来时与条件时词干：我会做/我本来会做 (dir, far, trar)

只要记住这三个特殊的词干 dir、far 和 trar，你就能轻松玩转葡语的“将来”与“可能”。
标记为已学
开始练习

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Three common verbs—dizer, fazer, and trazer—drop their middle letters to form irregular stems in the future and conditional tenses.

  • Dizer becomes dir-: Eu direi (I will say).
  • Fazer becomes far-: Eu farei (I will do).
  • Trazer becomes trar-: Eu trarei (I will bring).
Stem (dir/far/trar) + Future/Conditional Ending

Overview

Mastering the Portuguese future and conditional tenses requires a precise understanding of verb stems, especially for a select group of highly frequent verbs. While most verbs simply use their infinitive as the stem, three pivotal verbs—dizer (to say/tell), fazer (to do/make), and trazer (to bring)—undergo a significant, yet predictable, stem change. They transform into dir-, far-, and trar- respectively.
This irregularity is not arbitrary; it is a linguistic efficiency, allowing for smoother pronunciation in rapid speech. Accurately employing these irregular stems elevates your Portuguese from functional to fluent, signifying a B2 level comprehension where nuances of commitment, hypothetical situations, and politeness are conveyed with precision. For example, knowing the difference between farei (I will do) and faria (I would do) is crucial for clear communication in both professional and social contexts.

Conjugation Table

Person Ending
:------------- :-----
Eu -ei
Tu -ás
Ele/Ela/Você -á
Nós -emos
Vós (EP) -eis
Eles/Elas/Vocês -ão
Person Ending
:------------- :-----
Eu -ia
Tu -ias
Ele/Ela/Você -ia
Nós -íamos
Vós (EP) -íeis
Eles/Elas/Vocês -iam
Person Future Indicative Conditional
:------------- :---------------- :----------
Eu direi diria
Tu dirás dirias
Ele/Ela/Você dirá diria
Nós diremos diríamos
Vós (EP) direis diríeis
Eles/Elas/Vocês dirão diriam
Person Future Indicative Conditional
:------------- :---------------- :----------
Eu farei faria
Tu farás farias
Ele/Ela/Você fará faria
Nós faremos faríamos
Vós (EP) fareis faríeis
Eles/Elas/Vocês farão fariam
Person Future Indicative Conditional
:------------- :---------------- :----------
Eu trarei traria
Tu trarás trarias
Ele/Ela/Você trará traria
Nós traremos traríamos
Vós (EP) trareis traríeis
Eles/Elas/Vocês trarão trariam
Person Future Indicative Conditional
:------------- :---------------- :---------- \
Eu comerei comeria
Tu comerás comerias
Ele/Ela/Você comerá comeria \
Nós comeremos comeríamos \
Vós (EP) comereis comeríeis \
Eles/Elas/Vocês comerão comeriam

How This Grammar Works

At its core, Portuguese forms its synthetic future and conditional tenses by attaching specific endings directly to the verb stem. For the vast majority of verbs, this stem is simply the full infinitive form. For instance, falar (to speak) becomes falarei (I will speak), and estudar (to study) becomes estudaria (I would study).
This pattern is remarkably consistent and simplifies conjugation significantly compared to many other tenses.
However, dizer, fazer, and trazer are exceptions due to their high frequency and phonetic evolution. Over time, in these specific verbs, the initial vowel of the ending combined with the final -er of the infinitive underwent a process called syncope, where an unstressed vowel (and sometimes a consonant) was dropped to create a more efficient, less cumbersome sound. This resulted in the shortened, more guttural stems: dir-, far-, and trar-.
This phonological simplification is common in language evolution, particularly for verbs that are used constantly in everyday speech. Understanding this historical context helps cement *why* these three verbs behave differently, moving beyond simple memorization to a deeper linguistic grasp. The consistency of the endings applied after this stem modification (-ei, -ia, etc.) further highlights the underlying regularity of the tense formation, despite the initial irregularity of the stem.

Formation Pattern

1
Forming the future and conditional tenses in Portuguese, particularly for these irregular verbs, follows a clear two-step process.
2
Identify the Base Stem: For regular verbs, the base stem is the entire infinitive of the verb. For example, cantar remains cantar-, vender remains vender-, and partir remains partir-. However, for the three irregular verbs, you must apply the specific stem alteration:
3
dizer transforms to dir-.
4
fazer transforms to far-.
5
trazer transforms to trar-.
6
Memorize these three irregular stems diligently, as they are non-negotiable for correct usage.
7
Attach the Appropriate Endings: Once you have the correct stem, whether regular or irregular, you append the standard future or conditional endings based on the subject pronoun. These endings are invariant; they do not change based on whether the original verb was -AR, -ER, or -IR.
8
For the Future Indicative (Futuro do Presente), you will use: -ei, -ás, -á, -emos, -eis (European Portuguese vós form), -ão.
9
Example: Eu farei a apresentação amanhã. (I will do the presentation tomorrow.)
10
Example: Eles dirão a verdade. (They will tell the truth.)
11
For the Conditional (Futuro do Pretérito), you will use: -ia, -ias, -ia, -íamos, -íeis (European Portuguese vós form), -iam.
12
Example: Se eu pudesse, faria a viagem agora. (If I could, I would do the trip now.)
13
Example: Você traria o vinho, por favor? (Would you bring the wine, please? - polite request)

When To Use It

Understanding *when* to employ these future and conditional forms is as crucial as knowing *how* to construct them. Each tense conveys a distinct temporal and modal meaning.
The Future Indicative (e.g., farei, direi, trarei) is used to express:
  • Certainty or Strong Intention: Actions that are definite or highly probable to occur in the future.
  • Prometo que farei o meu melhor. (I promise I will do my best.)
  • Predictions and Forecasts: Statements about what is expected to happen.
  • Dizem que o tempo dirá se estamos certos. (They say time will tell if we are right.)
  • Formal Announcements or Schedules: Often found in written notices, news, or formal speeches.
  • A empresa trará novas oportunidades de emprego. (The company will bring new job opportunities.)
  • Mild Commands or Obligations (especially in literary or formal contexts, though less common in spoken BP).
  • Não matarás. (Thou shalt not kill.)
The Conditional (e.g., faria, diria, traria) is used to express:
  • Hypothetical Situations: Actions that *would* happen under specific conditions, often linked to an 'if' clause (se).
  • Se eu tivesse tempo, faria um bolo. (If I had time, I would make a cake.)
  • Polite Requests or Suggestions: Softening a statement or question, making it less direct.
  • Gostaria de saber se você traria os documentos amanhã. (I would like to know if you would bring the documents tomorrow.)
  • Reported Speech in the Past: When reporting a future action from a past perspective.
  • Ele disse que faria o trabalho depois. (He said that he would do the work later.)
  • Conjecture or Probability in the Past: Expressing a guess or assumption about a past event, similar to

Future Indicative Conjugation

Person Dizer (dir-) Fazer (far-) Trazer (trar-)
Eu
direi
farei
trarei
Tu
dirás
farás
trarás
Ele/Ela
dirá
fará
trará
Nós
diremos
faremos
traremos
Vós
direis
fareis
trareis
Eles/Elas
dirão
farão
trarão

Meanings

These stems replace the infinitive form when conjugating the future indicative and conditional tenses for three specific verbs.

1

Future Indicative

Expressing actions that will happen.

“Eu direi a verdade.”

“Ele fará o trabalho.”

2

Conditional

Expressing hypothetical actions or polite requests.

“Eu diria que sim.”

“Você faria isso por mim?”

Reference Table

Reference table for 将来时与条件时词干：我会做/我本来会做 (dir, far, trar)
动词原形 特殊词干 将来时示例 (Eu) 条件式示例 (Eu)
Falar
falar-
falarei
falaria
Comer
comer-
comerei
comeria
Dizer
dir-
direi
diria
Fazer
far-
farei
faria
Trazer
trar-
trarei
traria
Ser
ser-
serei
seria

正式程度

正式
Fá-lo-ei.

Fá-lo-ei. (General)

中性
Eu farei isso.

Eu farei isso. (General)

非正式
Vou fazer isso.

Vou fazer isso. (General)

俚语
Vou mandar ver.

Vou mandar ver. (General)

葡萄牙语将来时与条件式词干

词干 (Radicais)

不规则

  • dir- 说/告诉
  • far- 做/制造
  • trar- 带来

规则

  • falar- 说话
  • comer- 吃
  • partir- 离开

将来时 vs. 条件式结尾

将来时 (Will)
farei 我将做
dirás 你将说
trarão 他们将带来
条件式 (Would)
faria 我会做
diria 你会说
trariam 他们会带来

选择正确的结尾

1

动作是承诺或确定的吗？

YES
使用将来时 (-ei, -ás...)
NO
进入下一步
2

是假设或礼貌请求吗？

YES
使用条件式 (-ia, -ias...)
NO ↓

何时使用条件式词干

☕

礼貌

  • • Poderia me ajudar?
  • • Diria as horas?
💭

假设

  • • Eu faria isso...
  • • Se eu pudesse...
✨

梦想

  • • Eu seria rico
  • • Viajaríamos
免费注册阅读完整解释

按水平分级的例句

1

Eu farei o bolo.

I will make the cake.

2

Você fará isso?

Will you do this?

3

Eu direi tchau.

I will say bye.

4

Ele trará água.

He will bring water.

1

Eu faria um favor.

I would do a favor.

2

O que você diria?

What would you say?

3

Nós traremos o livro.

We will bring the book.

4

Eles farão a festa.

They will throw the party.

1

Se eu pudesse, eu faria tudo diferente.

If I could, I would do everything differently.

2

Eles disseram que diriam a verdade.

They said they would tell the truth.

3

Você traria o documento amanhã?

Would you bring the document tomorrow?

4

Nós faremos o possível.

We will do our best.

1

Eu diria que a situação é complexa.

I would say the situation is complex.

2

O projeto fará uma grande diferença.

The project will make a big difference.

3

Eles trariam mais benefícios ao time.

They would bring more benefits to the team.

4

Quem fará a apresentação?

Who will do the presentation?

1

Se a proposta fosse aceita, eles fariam o investimento.

If the proposal were accepted, they would make the investment.

2

Eu não diria que é impossível, mas é improvável.

I wouldn't say it's impossible, but it's unlikely.

3

O relatório fará menção aos dados recentes.

The report will make mention of recent data.

4

Ela traria consigo uma vasta experiência.

She would bring with her vast experience.

1

Dir-se-ia que o tempo parou.

One would say that time has stopped.

2

Fá-lo-ei com todo o prazer.

I will do it with all pleasure.

3

Trar-lhe-iam a solução definitiva.

They would bring him the definitive solution.

4

O que fará com que a economia prospere?

What will make the economy prosper?

容易混淆

Future & Conditional Stems: I will/would do (dir, far, trar) 对比 Future vs Near Future

Learners mix synthetic (farei) with analytic (vou fazer).

Future & Conditional Stems: I will/would do (dir, far, trar) 对比 Conditional vs Imperfect Subjunctive

Both express hypothetical, but different triggers.

Future & Conditional Stems: I will/would do (dir, far, trar) 对比 Stem vs Infinitive

Learners use full infinitive.

常见错误

✗

fazerei

✓

farei

Using full infinitive instead of stem.
✗

dizerei

✓

direi

Incorrect stem formation.
✗

trazerei

✓

trarei

Incorrect stem formation.
✗

fariai

✓

faria

Wrong ending.
✗

fazeria

✓

faria

Using full infinitive in conditional.
✗

dizeria

✓

diria

Incorrect stem.
✗

trazeria

✓

traria

Incorrect stem.
✗

nós fazeriamos

✓

nós faríamos

Accentuation error.
✗

eles fazerião

✓

eles farão

Wrong tense/ending.
✗

ele diráia

✓

ele diria

Double ending.
✗

fá-lo-farei

✓

fá-lo-ei

Redundant stem.
✗

dir-lhe-ia

✓

dir-lhe-ia

Correct, but often misspelled.
✗

trar-lhe-á

✓

trar-lhe-á

Correct, but often misspelled.
✗

far-se-á

✓

far-se-á

Correct, but often misspelled.

句型

Eu ___ (fazer) o trabalho.

Se eu pudesse, eu ___ (dizer) a verdade.

Você ___ (trazer) o documento?

Eles ___ (fazer) uma festa.

Real World Usage

Job Interview common

Eu faria um bom trabalho.

Texting very common

O que você diria?

Travel common

Eu trarei o mapa.

Food Delivery common

O restaurante fará a entrega.

Academic Writing common

O estudo fará menção a...

Social Media common

Quem fará a live?

免费注册查看所有例句
🎯

字母 'R' 是你的定位雷达

在葡萄牙语中，所有的将来时和条件式变位在结尾前一定有一个 'r'。如果你没听到这个音，那肯定不是这两个时态，比如：
Eu faria isso agora.
⚠️

千万别说 'Fazerei'

虽然按照常规逻辑 'fazer' 应该变成 'fazerei'，但在母语者听来这非常业余。一定要用不规则词干：
Eu farei a tarefa.
💬

巴西人的礼貌密码

巴西人为了不显得太强势，经常用条件式代替命令。比如在餐厅点餐时，他们会说：
Eu gostaria de um café.

Smart Tips

Use the synthetic future (farei) instead of 'vou fazer'.

Eu vou fazer o relatório. → Eu farei o relatório.

Stick to 'vou fazer' to sound natural.

Eu farei um café. → Eu vou fazer um café.

Remember the accent on 'íamos'.

Nós fariamos. → Nós faríamos.

Don't say 'dizerei'.

Eu dizerei a verdade. → Eu direi a verdade.

发音

fa-REI

Stress

The stress falls on the final syllable of the stem or the ending.

Rising

Fará você?

Questioning.

记住它

记忆技巧

Remember 'DIR, FAR, TRAR' — the three musketeers of the irregular future.

视觉联想

Imagine a director (dir) making (far) a movie and bringing (trar) the popcorn.

Rhyme

Dir, Far, Trar, the future is near, just add the ending and have no fear.

Story

I will say (direi) the truth. I will do (farei) my best. I will bring (trarei) the cake. These three actions define my day.

Word Web

direifariatraremosdiriamfarãotrarás

挑战

Write three sentences about your plans for tomorrow using these three verbs.

文化笔记

In Brazil, the analytic future (vou fazer) is much more common than the synthetic (farei).

In Portugal, the synthetic future (farei) is used more frequently in daily speech.

In both, synthetic forms are preferred in formal writing.

Derived from Latin 'facere', 'dicere', and 'trahere'.

对话开场白

“

O que você faria se ganhasse na loteria?

“

Você trará algo para a festa?

“

O que você diria ao seu eu de 10 anos atrás?

“

Quem fará o projeto final?

日记主题

Write about your plans for the next year using 'farei' and 'trarei'.
Describe a hypothetical scenario where you change your career.
What would you say to a world leader?
List three things you will do this weekend.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

用 'fazer' 的正确将来时形式填空。

Amanhã, eu ___ (fazer) as compras no supermercado.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: farei
动词 'fazer' 在将来时是不规则的，词干是 'far-'，对应 'eu' 的结尾是 '-ei'。
哪句话既礼貌又语法正确？ 多项选择

选择正确的条件式句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Você me traria um copo de água?
'Trazer' 在条件式中变为词干 'trar-'。加上 'você' 的结尾 '-ia'，就成了 'traria'。
找出并修正句子中的错误。 Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Nós dizemos que nós fazeriamos o bolo amanhã.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós dissemos que nós faríamos o bolo amanhã.
'fazer' 的条件式是 'faríamos'，而不是 'fazeriamos'。此外，'dissemos'（过去时）更符合转述语境。

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Conjugate 'fazer' in the future (Eu).

Eu ___ o jantar.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: farei
Irregular stem 'far-'.
Select the correct form. 多项选择

O que você ___ (dizer)?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: diria
Stem is 'dir-'.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Eu trarei o livro.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Correct
Correct stem.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Eu / faria / isso.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu faria isso
Correct stem.
Conjugate 'trazer' in conditional (Nós). Conjugation Drill

Nós ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: traríamos
Stem is 'trar-'.
Match verb to stem. Match Pairs

Fazer -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: far-
Fazer becomes far-.
Is this correct? True False Rule

Fazerei is correct.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
It is farei.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Você fará o bolo? B: Sim, eu ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: farei
First person response.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
用 'dizer' 的条件式完成句子。 填空

Se eu ganhasse na loteria, eu não ___ (dizer) nada a ninguém.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: diria
重新排列单词组成将来时句子。 Sentence Reorder

traremos / Nós / presentes / amanhã / os

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós traremos os presentes amanhã.
将 'I would do that for you' 翻译成葡萄牙语。 翻译

I would do that for you.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu faria isso por você.
为 'eles' 选择正确的 'trazer' 将来时形式。 多项选择

Eles ___ (trazer) as malas para o aeroporto.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: trarão
修正句子中的词干错误。 Error Correction

Eu dize-rei a verdade na reunião.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu direi a verdade na reunião.
将动词原形与其对应的将来时词干配对。 Match Pairs

配对以下项目：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Fazer:far-, Dizer:dir-, Trazer:trar-, Comer:comer-
用 'poder' 的正确条件式填空。 填空

Você ___ (poder) me ajudar com este app?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: poderia
哪句话指的是确定的将来？ 多项选择

选择将来直陈式句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu farei o jantar às oito.
将 'They will tell us later' 翻译成葡萄牙语。 翻译

They will tell us later.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eles nos dirão mais tarde.
重新排列单词以提出问题。 Sentence Reorder

diria / você / O que / a ela / ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O que você diria a ela?

Score: /10

常见问题 (8)

They are remnants of Latin contractions that persisted in the language.

No, it is grammatically incorrect. Always use 'farei'.

Yes, but 'vou fazer' is more common in speech.

Use the mnemonic 'DIR, FAR, TRAR'.

No, these are the only three common ones with these specific stems.

Yes, the stems are the same for both future and conditional.

Use the analytic form 'vou fazer' or 'iria fazer'.

It is standard, but synthetic forms are more formal than analytic ones.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

免费注册开始练习

In Other Languages

Spanish high

haré, diré, traeré

Spanish uses 'h' instead of 'f' for 'fazer'.

French moderate

ferai, dirai

French lacks the 'trar-' equivalent.

German low

ich werde tun

German does not use synthetic stems.

Japanese none

suru tsumori

No conjugation for future.

Arabic low

sa-af'alu

Prefix vs stem change.

Chinese none

wǒ huì zuò

No verb conjugation.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
短小精悍：条件式不规则词干 (Dir/Far/Trar)

Learn These First

B1 Requires

条件式：礼貌表达与假设 (-ia)

Overview The Conditional Tense, known in Portuguese as the `Futuro do Pretérito` (Future of the Past), is a crucial gram...

Related Grammar Rules

B1

礼貌的请求与建议 (Gostaria, Poderia)

Overview 你是否曾因为请求某事而感到尴尬，意识到自己听起来太霸道了？在葡萄牙语中，一个微小的动词词尾就可以把“做这个”变成“...
B2

葡萄牙语将来完成时：'将会已经做完' (Futuro Composto)

### Overview 你好！很高兴能以老师的身份为你讲解葡萄牙语中一个非常重要且高级的语法点：`Futuro Composto`（将来完成时）。...
A2

葡萄牙语简单将来时：规则 -ar 动词

### Overview 在学习葡萄牙语的过程中，你可能已经习惯了用 `ir` + `infinitive` 来表达“将要去做某事”，这在口语中非常方便。...
B2

葡萄牙语复合条件式：“本该做的”

Overview 有没有回想周末时想过：“我本该学习的，但光顾着看 Netflix 了”？这种回顾过去并想象不同结果的感觉，正是“复合条件式”...
B1

“Poder”的将来时：表达“将能够”

你是否曾对如何用葡萄牙语说你*将能够*做某事感到不确定？不仅仅是你*可以*，而是你将来*将有能力*做某事。这就是`poder`（能够...
Was this helpful?

评论 (0)

登录后评论
还没有评论。成为第一个分享想法的人！