"방금 막 ~했다" 공식 (Acabar de)
acabar 현재형에 de를 붙이고 동사원형을 더하면 돼요!
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'acabar de' + [infinitive verb] to describe an action that happened just moments ago.
- Conjugate 'acabar' in the present tense: 'Acabo de comer' (I just ate).
- Always include the preposition 'de' between 'acabar' and the infinitive.
- The infinitive verb remains unchanged regardless of the subject: 'Acabamos de salir' (We just left).
Overview
acabar를 사용합니다. 하지만 acabar + de + 동사 원형을 결합하면 «방금 ~했다»라는 의미로 바뀝니다.- 1
acabar를 현재 시제로 활용합니다. - 2
de를 추가합니다. - 3동사 원형(행동)을 추가합니다.
acabar (현재형) + de + 동사 원형Conjugation of 'Acabar' (Present)
| Subject | Conjugation | Preposition | Infinitive |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Yo
|
acabo
|
de
|
comer
|
|
Tú
|
acabas
|
de
|
comer
|
|
Él/Ella/Ud.
|
acaba
|
de
|
comer
|
|
Nosotros
|
acabamos
|
de
|
comer
|
|
Vosotros
|
acabáis
|
de
|
comer
|
|
Ellos/Ellas/Uds.
|
acaban
|
de
|
comer
|
Meanings
This construction expresses an action that occurred in the immediate past relative to the moment of speaking.
Immediate Past
An action completed seconds or minutes ago.
“Acabo de llegar.”
“Acabamos de ver la película.”
Reference Table
| 주어 | Acabar 형태 | 전체 문장 구조 | 의미 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Yo
|
acabo
|
acabo de llegar
|
나 방금 도착했어
|
|
Tú
|
acabas
|
acabas de llegar
|
너 방금 도착했어
|
|
Él/Ella/Usted
|
acaba
|
acaba de llegar
|
그/그녀/당신 방금 도착했어요
|
|
Nosotros/as
|
acabamos
|
acabamos de llegar
|
우리 방금 도착했어
|
|
Vosotros/as
|
acabáis
|
acabáis de llegar
|
너희 방금 도착했어
|
|
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes
|
acaban
|
acaban de llegar
|
그들/당신들 방금 도착했어요
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
Acabo de llegar. (Arrival)
Acabo de llegar. (Arrival)
Recién llego. (Arrival)
Acabo de caer. (Arrival)
'Acabar de'를 써야 할까요?
이미 일어난 일인가요?
방금 막(몇 초/몇 분 전) 일어났나요?
'방금' 공식의 구조
변하는 동사
- Acabo 내가 방금
- Acabas 네가 방금
연결고리
- de 필수 링크
진짜 행동
- Infinitive comer, salir, ver
영어 vs 스페인어 구조 비교
자주 쓰이는 상황
메시지/연락
- • Acabo de ver tu texto
- • Me acaba de llamar
상태 알림
- • Acaba de salir
- • Acabamos de llegar
음식/주문
- • Acabo de comer
- • Acabamos de pedir
수준별 예문
Acabo de comer.
I just ate.
Acabo de llegar.
I just arrived.
Acabo de ver la tele.
I just watched TV.
Acabo de hablar con él.
I just spoke with him.
¿Acabas de terminar tu trabajo?
Did you just finish your work?
No, no acabo de entender esto.
No, I don't just understand this.
Ellos acaban de salir de casa.
They just left the house.
Acabamos de comprar un coche.
We just bought a car.
El profesor acaba de explicar la lección.
The teacher just explained the lesson.
Acabo de darme cuenta de mi error.
I just realized my mistake.
Acaban de anunciar los resultados.
They just announced the results.
La tienda acaba de cerrar.
The store just closed.
Acababa de salir cuando empezó a llover.
I had just left when it started to rain.
Acaban de implementar nuevas medidas de seguridad.
They have just implemented new security measures.
Acabo de recibir una notificación importante.
I just received an important notification.
Acabamos de llegar a un acuerdo.
We have just reached an agreement.
El mercado acaba de desplomarse tras el anuncio.
The market has just crashed following the announcement.
Acabo de presenciar un evento histórico.
I have just witnessed a historical event.
Acaban de publicar la edición definitiva del libro.
They have just published the definitive edition of the book.
Acabo de sintetizar los puntos clave del informe.
I have just synthesized the key points of the report.
La noticia acaba de sacudir los cimientos de la institución.
The news has just shaken the foundations of the institution.
Acabo de percatarme de la sutileza del argumento.
I have just realized the subtlety of the argument.
Acaban de desclasificar los documentos secretos.
They have just declassified the secret documents.
El autor acaba de retractarse de sus declaraciones previas.
The author has just retracted his previous statements.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners think 'acabar' always means 'to finish'.
Both mean 'just'.
Both refer to the past.
자주 하는 실수
Acabo comer
Acabo de comer
Acabo de como
Acabo de comer
Acabé de comer
Acabo de comer
Acabo comer de
Acabo de comer
Acabo de comiendo
Acabo de comer
Acabo de haber comido
Acabo de comer
Acabo de a comer
Acabo de comer
Acabo de que comí
Acabo de comer
Acabo de comerlo
Acabo de comerlo (or Lo acabo de comer)
Acabo de haber llegado
Acabo de llegar
Acabo de haber sido comido
Acabo de ser comido
Acabo de haberme ido
Acabo de irme
Acabo de haber terminado de hacer
Acabo de terminar de hacer
Acabo de haber estado comiendo
Acabo de comer
문장 패턴
Yo ___ de ___.
¿___ de ___?
Nosotros ___ de ___.
Ellos ___ de ___.
Real World Usage
Acabo de ver tu mensaje.
Acabo de pedir la pizza.
Acabo de terminar mi formación.
El tren acaba de salir.
Acabo de publicar una foto.
Acabo de enviar el informe.
원어민처럼 굴리기
Acabo de verlo라고 연습해 보세요!'Just'를 직역하지 마세요
Acabo de terminar처럼 패턴 자체를 기억하세요.어디서나 통하는 만능키
¿Acabas de llegar?라고 물으면 어디서든 환영받을 거예요!Smart Tips
Use 'acabar de' + infinitive.
Only conjugate the first verb.
Use it to show you are done.
Use 'acababa de' for past recency.
발음
Linking
The 'd' in 'de' often links to the following vowel.
Declarative
Acabo de comer. ↘
Finality and completion.
암기하기
기억법
Remember: 'Acabar' is the 'Just' machine. If you just did it, you 'acabar de' it.
시각적 연상
Imagine a clock where the second hand is moving. Every time you say 'acabo de', imagine a fresh, steaming cup of coffee that was just poured.
Rhyme
Para decir 'just' en español, 'acabar de' es tu mejor rol.
Story
Maria is in the kitchen. She drops a plate. It shatters. She says, '¡Acabo de romper el plato!' Her mom walks in and asks, '¿Qué pasó?' Maria replies, 'Acabo de romperlo'.
Word Web
챌린지
For the next 5 minutes, narrate everything you just did using 'Acabo de...'.
문화 노트
Standard usage of 'acabar de'.
Commonly used, often interchangeable with 'recién'.
Very frequent use of 'recién' + past participle.
From Latin 'accapitare' (to come to a head/end).
대화 시작하기
¿Qué acabas de hacer?
¿Acabas de ver las noticias?
¿Acabas de terminar tu proyecto?
¿Acabas de presenciar algo inusual?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
Yo ___ ___ despertar.
가장 알맞은 문장을 고르세요:
Find and fix the mistake:
Nosotros acabamos comprar las entradas.
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesYo ___ de comer.
Find and fix the mistake:
Acabo comer.
Nosotros ___ de salir.
Comí hace un segundo.
The second verb in 'acabar de' must be conjugated.
A: ¿Ya terminaste? B: Sí, ___.
de / acabo / comer / yo
Match: Ellos -> ?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesEllos ___ ___ llegar.
가장 자연스러운 번역은?
terminar / acabamos / de
Él acaba de lee el libro.
짝을 맞추세요:
___ de enviar el correo.
어느 것이 맞을까요?
Tú acabas de fuiste.
She just called me.
coche / un / de / acaban / comprar
La película ___ ___ empezar.
어느 문장이 맞을까요?
Score: /12
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
Yes, 'acababa de' means 'I had just'.
Yes, it works with any infinitive.
It is neutral and used in all contexts.
It is a fixed preposition for this construction.
No, it is strictly for the past.
No, 'terminar' is 'to finish', 'acabar de' is 'to have just'.
That means 'I finished' (completed action).
Yes, it is standard Spanish.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Venir de + infinitive
Spanish uses 'acabar' (to finish), French uses 'venir' (to come).
Gerade + verb
German uses an adverb; Spanish uses a verbal periphrasis.
Verb + bakari da
The structure is placed after the verb in Japanese.
Taw + verb
Arabic uses particles/adverbs rather than a verb conjugation.
Gang + verb
Chinese does not conjugate the verb at all.
To have just + past participle
Spanish uses the present tense + infinitive.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
관련 동영상
Related Grammar Rules
스페인어 'se' 무인칭과 수동태: 일반적인 상황 표현하기 (Se impersonal y pasivo)
### Overview 스페인어 C1 레벨에 도달했다면 `se`가 단순히 재귀 대명사로만 쓰이는 것이 아니라, 문장의 격을 높여주는 아주...
행동 멈추기: 'dejar de'(~하는 것을 그만두다) 사용법
Overview 새벽 3시에 휴대폰을 빤히 바라보며 TikTok을 3시간 동안 스크롤하고 있다는 사실을 깨달은 적이 있나요? 우리 모두...
'~할 것이다' 미래: 계획과 의도 (Ir a)
Overview 스페인어에는 미래에 대해 이야기하는 몇 가지 방법이 있습니다... [Full Korean translation of the text]
다 먹어치우기: 소비 동사와 양태의 'se' (comerse)
### Overview 스페인어 학습을 하다 보면 `comer`와 `comerse`처럼 동사 앞에 붙는 `se` 때문에 혼란스러운 경우가 많습니다....
'Pedir'와 'Preguntar' 헷갈리지 마세요 (요청 vs 질문 완벽 정리)
### Overview 스페인어를 공부하다 보면 가장 빈번하게 마주치는 혼란 중 하나가 바로 '요청하다'와 '질문하다'의 구분입니다....