A2 Advanced Syntax 12 min read 쉬움

"방금 막 ~했다" 공식 (Acabar de)

지금 막 끝난 따끈따끈한 일을 말할 땐 acabar 현재형에 de를 붙이고 동사원형을 더하면 돼요!

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'acabar de' + [infinitive verb] to describe an action that happened just moments ago.

  • Conjugate 'acabar' in the present tense: 'Acabo de comer' (I just ate).
  • Always include the preposition 'de' between 'acabar' and the infinitive.
  • The infinitive verb remains unchanged regardless of the subject: 'Acabamos de salir' (We just left).
Subject + Acabar (present) + de + Verb (infinitive)

Overview

개요
방금 막 '전송' 버튼을 눌렀을 때의 그 느낌 아시나요? 스페인어에서는 부사를 사용하는 대신, 인생의 마지막 5분을 되감는 것 같은 특별한 동사 구문을 사용합니다.
작동 원리
이 구조는 보통 «끝내다»를 의미하는 acabar를 사용합니다. 하지만 acabar + de + 동사 원형을 결합하면 «방금 ~했다»라는 의미로 바뀝니다.
형성 패턴
  1. 1acabar를 현재 시제로 활용합니다.
  2. 2de를 추가합니다.
  3. 3동사 원형(행동)을 추가합니다.
공식: acabar (현재형) + de + 동사 원형
예: Yo acabo + de + llegar (나 방금 도착했어).
사용 시기
몇 초 또는 몇 분 전에 일어난 일에 사용하세요. 속보, 변명(«방금 밥 먹었어»), 또는 즉각적인 업데이트에 쓰입니다.

Conjugation of 'Acabar' (Present)

Subject Conjugation Preposition Infinitive
Yo
acabo
de
comer
acabas
de
comer
Él/Ella/Ud.
acaba
de
comer
Nosotros
acabamos
de
comer
Vosotros
acabáis
de
comer
Ellos/Ellas/Uds.
acaban
de
comer

Meanings

This construction expresses an action that occurred in the immediate past relative to the moment of speaking.

1

Immediate Past

An action completed seconds or minutes ago.

“Acabo de llegar.”

“Acabamos de ver la película.”

Reference Table

Reference table for "방금 막 ~했다" 공식 (Acabar de)
주어 Acabar 형태 전체 문장 구조 의미
Yo
acabo
acabo de llegar
나 방금 도착했어
acabas
acabas de llegar
너 방금 도착했어
Él/Ella/Usted
acaba
acaba de llegar
그/그녀/당신 방금 도착했어요
Nosotros/as
acabamos
acabamos de llegar
우리 방금 도착했어
Vosotros/as
acabáis
acabáis de llegar
너희 방금 도착했어
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes
acaban
acaban de llegar
그들/당신들 방금 도착했어요

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
Acabo de llegar.

Acabo de llegar. (Arrival)

중립
Acabo de llegar.

Acabo de llegar. (Arrival)

비격식체
Recién llego.

Recién llego. (Arrival)

속어
Acabo de caer.

Acabo de caer. (Arrival)

'Acabar de'를 써야 할까요?

1

이미 일어난 일인가요?

YES
다음 단계로
NO
현재나 미래 시제를 쓰세요
2

방금 막(몇 초/몇 분 전) 일어났나요?

YES
'Acabar de' + 동사원형 사용
NO
일반 과거 시제를 쓰세요

'방금' 공식의 구조

Acabar de

변하는 동사

  • Acabo 내가 방금
  • Acabas 네가 방금

연결고리

  • de 필수 링크

진짜 행동

  • Infinitive comer, salir, ver

영어 vs 스페인어 구조 비교

영어 (부사 사용)
I just ate 주어 + just + 과거동사
스페인어 (동사구 사용)
Acabo de comer Acabar + de + 동사원형

자주 쓰이는 상황

📱

메시지/연락

  • Acabo de ver tu texto
  • Me acaba de llamar
🔔

상태 알림

  • Acaba de salir
  • Acabamos de llegar
🍕

음식/주문

  • Acabo de comer
  • Acabamos de pedir

수준별 예문

1

Acabo de comer.

I just ate.

2

Acabo de llegar.

I just arrived.

3

Acabo de ver la tele.

I just watched TV.

4

Acabo de hablar con él.

I just spoke with him.

1

¿Acabas de terminar tu trabajo?

Did you just finish your work?

2

No, no acabo de entender esto.

No, I don't just understand this.

3

Ellos acaban de salir de casa.

They just left the house.

4

Acabamos de comprar un coche.

We just bought a car.

1

El profesor acaba de explicar la lección.

The teacher just explained the lesson.

2

Acabo de darme cuenta de mi error.

I just realized my mistake.

3

Acaban de anunciar los resultados.

They just announced the results.

4

La tienda acaba de cerrar.

The store just closed.

1

Acababa de salir cuando empezó a llover.

I had just left when it started to rain.

2

Acaban de implementar nuevas medidas de seguridad.

They have just implemented new security measures.

3

Acabo de recibir una notificación importante.

I just received an important notification.

4

Acabamos de llegar a un acuerdo.

We have just reached an agreement.

1

El mercado acaba de desplomarse tras el anuncio.

The market has just crashed following the announcement.

2

Acabo de presenciar un evento histórico.

I have just witnessed a historical event.

3

Acaban de publicar la edición definitiva del libro.

They have just published the definitive edition of the book.

4

Acabo de sintetizar los puntos clave del informe.

I have just synthesized the key points of the report.

1

La noticia acaba de sacudir los cimientos de la institución.

The news has just shaken the foundations of the institution.

2

Acabo de percatarme de la sutileza del argumento.

I have just realized the subtlety of the argument.

3

Acaban de desclasificar los documentos secretos.

They have just declassified the secret documents.

4

El autor acaba de retractarse de sus declaraciones previas.

The author has just retracted his previous statements.

혼동하기 쉬운

The 'I Just Did It' Formula (Acabar de) Acabar de vs. Terminar

Learners think 'acabar' always means 'to finish'.

The 'I Just Did It' Formula (Acabar de) Acabar de vs. Recién

Both mean 'just'.

The 'I Just Did It' Formula (Acabar de) Acabar de vs. Pretérito

Both refer to the past.

자주 하는 실수

Acabo comer

Acabo de comer

Missing the preposition 'de'.

Acabo de como

Acabo de comer

Conjugating the second verb.

Acabé de comer

Acabo de comer

Using the wrong tense of 'acabar'.

Acabo comer de

Acabo de comer

Wrong word order.

Acabo de comiendo

Acabo de comer

Using the gerund instead of the infinitive.

Acabo de haber comido

Acabo de comer

Overcomplicating the structure.

Acabo de a comer

Acabo de comer

Adding an extra 'a'.

Acabo de que comí

Acabo de comer

Adding unnecessary conjunctions.

Acabo de comerlo

Acabo de comerlo (or Lo acabo de comer)

Placement of pronouns is flexible, but learners often struggle with the structure.

Acabo de haber llegado

Acabo de llegar

Using perfect infinitive unnecessarily.

Acabo de haber sido comido

Acabo de ser comido

Passive voice complexity.

Acabo de haberme ido

Acabo de irme

Reflexive placement.

Acabo de haber terminado de hacer

Acabo de terminar de hacer

Redundant auxiliaries.

Acabo de haber estado comiendo

Acabo de comer

Using continuous aspect unnecessarily.

문장 패턴

Yo ___ de ___.

¿___ de ___?

Nosotros ___ de ___.

Ellos ___ de ___.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Acabo de ver tu mensaje.

Ordering food very common

Acabo de pedir la pizza.

Job interview common

Acabo de terminar mi formación.

Travel common

El tren acaba de salir.

Social media very common

Acabo de publicar una foto.

Office common

Acabo de enviar el informe.

🎯

원어민처럼 굴리기

빨리 말할 때 'acabo de'는 '아까보데'처럼 'b' 발음이 아주 부드럽게 넘어가요. Acabo de verlo라고 연습해 보세요!
⚠️

'Just'를 직역하지 마세요

사전에서 'just'를 찾으면 'justo'가 나오지만, 여기선 안 써요. Acabo de terminar처럼 패턴 자체를 기억하세요.
💬

어디서나 통하는 만능키

이 표현은 스페인이나 멕시코 어디서든 똑같이 쓰여요. ¿Acabas de llegar?라고 물으면 어디서든 환영받을 거예요!

Smart Tips

Use 'acabar de' + infinitive.

Comí hace un momento. Acabo de comer.

Only conjugate the first verb.

Acabo de como. Acabo de comer.

Use it to show you are done.

Terminé de escribir. Acabo de escribirlo.

Use 'acababa de' for past recency.

Había terminado de salir. Acababa de salir.

발음

a-ka-bo-de-e-so

Linking

The 'd' in 'de' often links to the following vowel.

Declarative

Acabo de comer. ↘

Finality and completion.

암기하기

기억법

Remember: 'Acabar' is the 'Just' machine. If you just did it, you 'acabar de' it.

시각적 연상

Imagine a clock where the second hand is moving. Every time you say 'acabo de', imagine a fresh, steaming cup of coffee that was just poured.

Rhyme

Para decir 'just' en español, 'acabar de' es tu mejor rol.

Story

Maria is in the kitchen. She drops a plate. It shatters. She says, '¡Acabo de romper el plato!' Her mom walks in and asks, '¿Qué pasó?' Maria replies, 'Acabo de romperlo'.

Word Web

AcabarDeInfinitiveRecienteMomentoPasado

챌린지

For the next 5 minutes, narrate everything you just did using 'Acabo de...'.

문화 노트

Standard usage of 'acabar de'.

Commonly used, often interchangeable with 'recién'.

Very frequent use of 'recién' + past participle.

From Latin 'accapitare' (to come to a head/end).

대화 시작하기

¿Qué acabas de hacer?

¿Acabas de ver las noticias?

¿Acabas de terminar tu proyecto?

¿Acabas de presenciar algo inusual?

일기 주제

Write about your morning routine.
Describe a moment you just finished a big task.
Reflect on a recent news event.
Write a short story starting with 'Acababa de...' (I had just...)

자주 하는 실수

Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답

Test Yourself

'나 방금 일어났어'라고 말해볼까요?

Yo ___ ___ despertar.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: acabo de
주어가 'Yo'니까 'acabo'를 쓰고, 짝꿍인 'de'를 잊지 마세요.
'그녀는 방금 나갔어'를 올바르게 표현한 것은? 객관식

가장 알맞은 문장을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ella acaba de salir.
'justo'를 쓰는 건 영어식 직역이에요. 스페인어에선 'acabar de' 패턴이 정답!
이 문장에서 틀린 부분을 고쳐보세요. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Nosotros acabamos comprar las entradas.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nosotros acabamos de comprar las entradas.
동사들 사이에 연결고리인 'de'가 빠졌네요!

Score: /3

연습 문제

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Yo ___ de comer.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: acabo
Yo requires the first person singular.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Acabo comer.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Acabo de comer
Missing 'de'.
Choose the correct form. 객관식

Nosotros ___ de salir.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: acabamos
Nosotros requires the first person plural.
Transform to 'acabar de'. Sentence Transformation

Comí hace un segundo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Acabo de comer
Correct structure.
True or False? True False Rule

The second verb in 'acabar de' must be conjugated.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
It must be an infinitive.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: ¿Ya terminaste? B: Sí, ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: acabo de terminar
Correct structure.
Order the words. Sentence Building

de / acabo / comer / yo

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Yo acabo de comer
Correct word order.
Match the subject. Match Pairs

Match: Ellos -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: acaban
Ellos matches with acaban.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
완성하세요: 그들은 방금 도착했다. 빈칸 채우기

Ellos ___ ___ llegar.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: acaban de
번역하세요: '너 방금 그거 봤어.' 객관식

가장 자연스러운 번역은?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Acabas de verlo.
단어를 배열해 '우리 방금 끝냈어'를 만드세요. Sentence Reorder

terminar / acabamos / de

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: acabamos de terminar
틀린 부분을 찾으세요: '그는 방금 책을 읽었다.' Error Correction

Él acaba de lee el libro.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Él acaba de leer el libro.
스페인어 문구와 한국어 뜻을 연결하세요. Match Pairs

짝을 맞추세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["Acabo de comer::\ubc29\uae08 \uba39\uc5c8\uc5b4","Acabas de salir::\ubc29\uae08 \ub098\uac14\uc5b4","Acaban de ganar::\ubc29\uae08 \uc774\uacbc\uc5b4"]
완성하세요: 나 방금 이메일 보냈어. 빈칸 채우기

___ de enviar el correo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Acabo
'버스가 방금 지나갔어'를 골라보세요. 객관식

어느 것이 맞을까요?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: El autobús acaba de pasar.
수정하세요: '너 방금 갔어.' Error Correction

Tú acabas de fuiste.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tú acabas de irte.
스페인어로 번역하세요: '그녀가 방금 나한테 전화했어.' 번역

She just called me.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ella me acaba de llamar.
순서대로 배열하세요: '그들은 방금 차를 샀어.' Sentence Reorder

coche / un / de / acaban / comprar

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: acaban de comprar un coche
영화가 방금 시작했어. 빈칸 채우기

La película ___ ___ empezar.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: acaba de
'방금 깨달았어'를 말하는 올바른 방법은? 객관식

어느 문장이 맞을까요?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both are correct.

Score: /12

자주 묻는 질문 (8)

Yes, 'acababa de' means 'I had just'.

Yes, it works with any infinitive.

It is neutral and used in all contexts.

It is a fixed preposition for this construction.

No, it is strictly for the past.

No, 'terminar' is 'to finish', 'acabar de' is 'to have just'.

That means 'I finished' (completed action).

Yes, it is standard Spanish.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

French high

Venir de + infinitive

Spanish uses 'acabar' (to finish), French uses 'venir' (to come).

German moderate

Gerade + verb

German uses an adverb; Spanish uses a verbal periphrasis.

Japanese high

Verb + bakari da

The structure is placed after the verb in Japanese.

Arabic moderate

Taw + verb

Arabic uses particles/adverbs rather than a verb conjugation.

Chinese moderate

Gang + verb

Chinese does not conjugate the verb at all.

English moderate

To have just + past participle

Spanish uses the present tense + infinitive.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Was this helpful?
아직 댓글이 없습니다. 첫 번째로 생각을 공유하세요!